O funk e a educação: etnomusicologia e pesquisa-ação participativa em contextos diversos

Resumo: Este artigo se localiza no campo da etnomusicologia e da educação decolonial. Visa contribuir no debate sobre a inserção formal dos conhecimentos dos mestres de tradição oral no campo da educação. Assim, a metodologia aqui privilegiada é a pesquisa-ação participativa, na intersecção de uma pesquisa de mestrado e outra de doutorado, com a participação de um mestre do saber da cultura funk. Dentro de três diferentes contextos: uma escola básica de um bairro da periferia da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO) e uma das unidades do Departamento Geral de Ações Socioeducativas (DEGASE), pudemos executar na prática os pressupostos teóricos de uma possível educação decolonial e antirracista. A proposta principal consiste em não hierarquizar verticalmente os saberes acadêmicos em detrimento dos não acadêmicos, na convivência de diferentes epistemologias dentro de um só contexto. Neste caminho, esta pesquisa contribui com novos apontamentos e desdobramentos para a educação musical no campo da etnomusicologia.   Palavras-chave: Etnomusicologia. Educação Musical. Funk. Decolonialidade.Funk and education: etnomusicology and research-action in different contextsAbstract: This article is in the field of ethnomusicology and decolonial education. It aims to contribute to the debate about the formal insertion of the oral tradition masters' knowledge in the field of education. Thus, the privileged methodology here is participatory action research, at the intersection of a master's and a doctoral research, with the participation of a master of knowledge of funk culture. Within three different contexts: a basic school in a suburb of the city of Rio de Janeiro, the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO) and one of the units of the General Department of Socio-educational Actions (DEGASE), we were able to perform in the the theoretical assumptions of a possible decolonial and anti-racist education. The main proposal consists in not vertically hierarchizing the academic knowledge to the detriment of non-academics, in the possibly harmonious coexistence of different epistemologies within a single context. In this way, this research contributes with new notes and unfoldings for the musical education in the field of ethnomusicology.  Key-words: Ethnomusicology.  Musical Education. Funk.  Decoloniality

Trinucleotide repeats in 202 families with ataxia: a small expanded (CAG)n allele at the SCA17 locus

BACKGROUND: Ten neurodegenerative disorders characterized by spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) are known to be caused by trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansions. However, in some instances the molecular diagnosis is considered indeterminate because of the overlap between normal and affected allele ranges. In addition, the mechanism that generates expanded alleles is not completely understood. OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical and molecular characteristics of a large group of Portuguese and Brazilian families with ataxia to improve knowledge of the molecular diagnosis of SCA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have (1) assessed repeat sizes at all known TNR loci implicated in SCA; (2) determined frequency distributions of normal alleles and expansions; and (3) looked at genotype-phenotype correlations in 202 unrelated Portuguese and Brazilian patients with SCA. Molecular analysis of TNR expansions was performed using polymerase chain reaction amplification. RESULTS: Patients from 110 unrelated families with SCA showed TNR expansions at 1 of the loci studied. Dominantly transmitted cases had (CAG)(n) expansions at the Machado-Joseph disease gene (MJD1) (63%), at SCA2 (3%), the gene for dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) (2%), SCA6 (1%), or SCA7 (1%) loci, or (CTG)(n) expansions at the SCA8 (2%) gene, whereas (GAA)(n) expansions in the Freidreich ataxia gene (FRDA) were found in 64% of families with recessive ataxia. Isolated patients also had TNR expansions at the MJD1 (6%), SCA8 (6%), or FRDA (8%) genes; in addition, an expanded allele at the TATA-binding protein gene (TBP), with 43 CAGs, was present in a patient with ataxia and mental deterioration. Associations between frequencies of SCA2 and SCA6 and a frequency of large normal alleles were found in Portuguese and Brazilian individuals, respectively. Interestingly, no association between the frequencies of DRPLA and large normal alleles was found in the Portuguese group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that (1) a significant number of isolated cases of ataxia are due to TNR expansions; (2) expanded DRPLA alleles in Portuguese families may have evolved from an ancestral haplotype; and (3) small (CAG)(n) expansions at the TBP gene may cause SCA17

Evaluación de la cultura de seguridad del paciente: estudio comparativo en hospitales universitarios

Objective: To conduct a benchmarking comparison of the composites of patient safety culture based on the evaluation of Brazilian and Portuguese nurses working in university hospitals. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional, comparative survey. Data collected between April and December 2014, in two teaching hospitals, applying the instrument Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, in the versions translated and adapted to the countries. Results: 762 nurses distributed in four services participated in the study, 195 Brazilians and 567 Portuguese. Seven of the 12 composites of safety culture showed significant differences between hospitals. The highlights were those related to: “management support for patient safety” (±17); “handoffs and transitions” (±15); “teamwork across units” (±14); and “overall perceptions of patient safety” (±10). Conclusion: The dimension that had the highest significant difference between the studied institutions was “management support for patient safety”. These data may support the managers of the study hospitals, enabling continuous improvements and advancements.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Primary Care Sensitive Hospitalization: users detect flaws on the access to services

The aim of this study is to analyze and understand the reasons for the occurrence of sensitive hospitalizations in accordance with users. Qualitative study conducted with users who were admitted to Pedreira General Hospital, in São Paulo. The data was collected through semi structured interviews and thereafter, transcribed and processed in the electronic program Alceste. When analyzing the content, the access was seized fundamentally as an empirical category, bringing up problems that later deserved, from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, a specific Program to improve the quality and access to primary care. The hierarchical and pyramidal organization shape from the health system in the city of São Paulo can be one of the important aspects for the access matter and established as an important restricting factor in the primary care role in reducing or even preventing the occurrence of these hospitalizations

Propolis: a potential natural product to fight Candida species infections

Aim: To evaluate the effect of propolis against Candida species planktonic cells and its counterpart's biofilms. Materials & methods: The MIC values, time-kill curves and filamentation form inhibition were determined in Candida planktonic cells. The effect of propolis on Candida biofilms was assessed through quantification of CFUs. Results: MIC values, ranging from 220 to 880 µg/ml, demonstrated higher efficiency on C. albicans and C. parapsilosis than on C. tropicalis cells. In addition, propolis was able to prevent Candida species biofilm's formation and eradicate their mature biofilms, coupled with a significant reduction on C. tropicalis and C. albicans filamentation. Conclusion: Propolis is an inhibitor of Candida virulence factors and represents an innovative alternative to fight candidiasis.The authors thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Cnpq) and Fundação Araucária for the financial support received. Flávia Tobaldini-Valerio acknowledges the financial support of CAPES – Proc. 9469/14-1. The authors also thank FCT for the Strategic Project of the UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit, FCT and European Union funds (FEDER/COMPETE) for the project RECI/BBBEBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed

Ventricular volume expansion in presymptomatic genetic frontotemporal dementia

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the time course of ventricular volume expansion in genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and identify the onset time and rates of ventricular expansion in presymptomatic FTD mutation carriers. METHODS: Participants included patients with a mutation in MAPT, PGRN, or C9orf72, or first-degree relatives of mutation carriers from the GENFI study with MRI scans at study baseline and at 1 year follow-up. Ventricular volumes were obtained from MRI scans using FreeSurfer, with manual editing of segmentation and comparison to fully automated segmentation to establish reliability. Linear mixed models were used to identify differences in ventricular volume and in expansion rates as a function of time to expected disease onset between presymptomatic carriers and noncarriers. RESULTS: A total of 123 participants met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis (18 symptomatic carriers, 46 presymptomatic mutation carriers, and 56 noncarriers). Ventricular volume differences were observed 4 years prior to symptom disease onset for presymptomatic carriers compared to noncarriers. Annualized rates of ventricular volume expansion were greater in presymptomatic carriers relative to noncarriers. Importantly, time-intensive manually edited and fully automated ventricular volume resulted in similar findings. CONCLUSIONS: Ventricular volume differences are detectable in presymptomatic genetic FTD. Concordance of results from time-intensive manual editing and fully automatic segmentation approaches support its value as a measure of disease onset and progression in future studies in both presymptomatic and symptomatic genetic FTD