Uniform data system standardizes technical computations and the purchasing of commercially important gases

Integrated tables of pressure, volume, and temperature for the saturated liquid, from the triple point to the critical point of the gases, have been developed. Tables include definition of saturated liquid curve. Values are presented in metric and practical units. Advantages of the new tables are discussed

Investigation of the role of selenium in the nutrition and physiology of neural tissues of chickens and turkeys

Endogenous selenium concentrations in selected tissue of chickens, turkeys, and coturni

Solubility of refractory metals and alloys in potassium and in lithium

Solubility of refractory metals and alloys in liquid potassium and lithiu

Striatal dopamine D1-type receptor availability: no difference from control but association with cortical thickness in methamphetamine users.

Chronic methamphetamine use poses potentially devastating consequences for directly affected individuals and for society. Lower dopamine D2-type receptor availability has been observed in striata of methamphetamine users as compared with controls, but an analogous comparison of D1-type receptors has been conducted only on post-mortem material, with no differences in methamphetamine users from controls in the caudate nucleus and putamen and higher D1-receptor density in the nucleus accumbens. Released from neurons when methamphetamine is self-administered, dopamine binds to both D1- and D2-type receptors in the striatum, with downstream effects on cortical activity. Thus, both receptor subtypes may contribute to methamphetamine-induced alterations in cortical morphology and behavior. In this study, 21 methamphetamine-dependent subjects and 23 healthy controls participated in positron emission tomography and structural magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of striatal D1- and D2-type receptor availability and cortical gray-matter thickness, respectively. Although D2-type receptor availability (BPnd) was lower in the methamphetamine group, as shown previously, the groups did not differ in D1-type BPnd. In the methamphetamine group, mean cortical gray-matter thickness was negatively associated with cumulative methamphetamine use and craving for the drug. Striatal D1-type but not D2-type BPnd was negatively associated with global mean cortical gray-matter thickness in the methamphetamine group, but no association was found between gray-matter thickness and BPnd for either dopamine receptor subtype in the control group. These results suggest a role of striatal D1-type receptors in cortical adaptation to chronic methamphetamine use

Drug availability and health facility usage in a Bamako Initiative and a non-Bamako Initiative Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, South -South Nigeria

Background: The availability of drugs on a continuous basis is paramount to the success of any health care system. The Bamako Initiative (BI) had provision of essential drugs as one of its key thrusts in order to improve the utilization of health facilities. This study compared the perceived availability of essential drugs and patronage of health facilities in a BI and non-BI Local government areas (LGA) of Akwa Ibom State in south-south Nigeria.Methodology: This was a cross sectional comparative descriptive study that used an interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire as an instrument for data collection. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS software version 11.Results: A total of 154 respondents in each LGA were interviewed. Up to 135 (88.8%) opined that drugs were always available in the BI LGA as against 103 (66.9%) in the non-BI LGA (p <0.001). Similarly, 133 (86.3%) said drugs were usually available in the required formulation for BI LGA compared to 115 (74.7%) in the non-BI LGA (p <0.05). More respondents in the BI facilities, 45 (45%) reported using the facilities often compared to 39 (35.8%) in the non-BI facilities (p = 0.03). A total of 116 (75.3%) respondents in the BI LGA felt drugs were not costly compared to 50 (32.7%) in the non-BI LGA (p <0.001). Up to 11 (7.2%) respondents in the non-BI LGA were not satisfied with the drug services in the health centers, compared to 1(0.6%) in the BI LGA (p = 0.01).Conclusion: Availability of essential drugs therefore seemed to contribute to patients' usage of health facilities.Keywords: Bamako Initiative, Essential Drugs, Availability, Patronage, Health Facilities, Utilizatio

Simulating the universe(s) Ill: observables for the full bubble collision spacetime

This is the third paper in a series establishing a quantitative relation between inflationary scalar field potential landscapes and the relic perturbations left by the collision between bubbles produced during eternal inflation. We introduce a new method for computing cosmological observables from numerical relativity simulations of bubble collisions in one space and one time dimension. This method tiles comoving hypersurfaces with locally-perturbed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker coordinate patches. The method extends previous work, which was limited to the spacetime region just inside the future light cone of the collision, and allows us to explore the full bubble-collision spacetime. We validate our new methods against previous work, and present a full set of predictions for the comoving curvature perturbation and local negative spatial curvature produced by identical and non-identical bubble collisions, in single scalar field models of eternal inflation. In both collision types, there is a non-zero contribution to the spatial curvature and cosmic microwave background quadrupole. Some collisions between non-identical bubbles excite wall modes, giving extra structure to the predicted temperature anisotropies. We comment on the implications of our results for future observational searches. For non-identical bubble collisions, we also find that the surfaces of constant field can readjust in the presence of a collision to produce spatially infinite sections that become nearly homogeneous deep into the region affected by the collision. Contrary to previous assumptions, this is true even in the bubble into which the domain wall is accelerating

Are You Applying to More Than One Specialty?

Although the majority of U.S. medical students predominantly apply to only one specialty, some apply to more than one. When it comes to emergency medicine (EM), applicants may apply to additional specialties due to several reasons: being international medical graduates as well as their inability to make a decision regarding the choice of specialty, fear from the growing competitiveness of EM, or the desire to stay in a specific geographic area. Accordingly, in this article we aim to guide medical students through the process of applying to more than one specialty, including using the Electronic Residency Application Service application, writing a personal statement, getting letters of recommendation, and an Early Match. Moreover, we elaborate on the effect of applying to more than one specialty on a student's application to a residency in EM

Nonlinear dynamics of the cold atom analog false vacuum

We investigate the nonlinear dynamics of cold atom systems that can in princi- ple serve as quantum simulators of false vacuum decay. The analog false vacuum manifests as a metastable vacuum state for the relative phase in a two-species Bose-Einstein con- densate (BEC), induced by a driven periodic coupling between the two species. In the appropriate low energy limit, the evolution of the relative phase is approximately governed by a relativistic wave equation exhibiting true and false vacuum configurations. In previous work, a linear stability analysis identified exponentially growing short-wavelength modes driven by the time-dependent coupling. These modes threaten to destabilize the analog false vacuum. Here, we employ numerical simulations of the coupled Gross-Pitaevski equa- tions (GPEs) to determine the non-linear evolution of these linearly unstable modes. We find that unless a physical mechanism modifies the GPE on short length scales, the analog false vacuum is indeed destabilized. We briefly discuss various physically expected correc- tions to the GPEs that may act to remove the exponentially unstable modes. To investigate the resulting dynamics in cases where such a removal mechanism exists, we implement a hard UV cutoff that excludes the unstable modes as a simple model for these corrections. We use this to study the range of phenomena arising from such a system. In particular, we show that by modulating the strength of the time-dependent coupling, it is possible to observe the crossover between a second and first order phase transition out of the false vacuum

What Do You Want To Make Those Eyes At Me For?

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/2650/thumbnail.jp

Mass renormalization in lattice simulations of false vacuum decay

False vacuum decay, a quantum mechanical first-order phase transition in scalar field theories, is an important phenomenon in early Universe cosmology. Recently, real-time semiclassical techniques based on ensembles of lattice simulations were applied to the problem of false vacuum decay. In this context, or any other lattice simulation, the effective potential experienced by long-wavelength modes is not the same as the bare potential. To make quantitative predictions using the real-time semiclassical techniques, it is therefore necessary to understand the redefinition of model parameters and the corresponding deformation of the vacuum state, as well as stochastic contributions that require modeling of unresolved subgrid modes. In this work, we focus on the former corrections and compute the expected modification of the true and false vacuum effective mass, which manifests as a modified dispersion relationship for linear fluctuations about the vacuum. We compare these theoretical predictions to numerical simulations and find excellent agreement. Motivated by this, we use the effective masses to fix the shape of a parametrized effective potential, and explore the modeling uncertainty associated with nonlinear corrections. We compute the decay rates in both the Euclidean and real-time formalisms, finding qualitative agreement in the dependence on the UV cutoff. These calculations further demonstrate that a quantitative understanding of the rates requires additional corrections