5,812 research outputs found
Study and determination of an optimum design for space utilized lithium doped solar cells Quarterly report
Recovery characteristics of electron irradiated, lithium doped, solar cell
Research on a one-inch-square linear d-c plasma accelerator
One-inch-square linear d-c plasma accelerator using cesium seeded nitroge
Using Eye Tracking and Electroencephalography to Understand the Efficacy of Digital and Static Outdoor Advertisements
Abstract de la ponencia[EN] This study discusses the contributions of advanced eye tracking research
combined with electroencephalography (EEG) as a method of understanding
the cognitive processing of digital vs. static outdoor advertisements. Subjects
were exposed to a variety of billboard advertisements on a section of
Interstate freeway in a suburban area in the western United States. Results
showed that visual fixation time was higher for digital advertisements
compared to static advertisements. In particular, the eye-tracking data
revealed which advertisements received the most attention. This was mainly
dependent upon location (i.e. distance from driver, distance from adjacent
traffic signs, etc.).
As eye-tracking systems have become more sophisticated and affordable,
there has been an increasing interest in the use of eye tracking within the
traffic safety and outdoor advertising domain (Perez & Bertola, 2010). Eye
tracking studies that have focused on web-based and driving stimuli have
gathered eye-movement data while participants were engaged in lowattention
settings (Lee and Ahn, 2012). The findings of these studies have
indicated that digital and animated advertisements, in low attention settings,
reduce the likelihood of mental recall and result in overall decreased
cognitive engagement.
Twenty-five subjects between the ages of 18 and 45 participated in the study.
A 16 mile (25.75 kilometer) freeway drive was videotaped and then projected
onto a four-by-six-foot screen. Subjects then viewed the projected video from
inside a stationary car to simulate a driving environment. Using Tobii2
Glasses eye tracking system, subjects’ eye-movements and gaze patterns were
recorded during the simulation. EEG data was also collected to measure the
subject’s emotional response, and to gain additional insight into how they felt
about the advertisements. In addition, participants were asked immediately
after their drive to list any advertisements they recalled.
These findings provide indications for best practices of effective outdoor
advertising using gaze pattern analysis. These include positioning, layout,
color schemes, etc. A potential implication for digital advertisements could
be identifying the optimal length of time to display digital signage.
Additionally, the results may suggest improvements in specific industry ads in
order to maximize cognitive influence on consumer action (e.g. best times to
display food and beverage advertisements).
From a traffic safety consideration, these results will provide a psychological
understanding of whether or not outdoor advertisements present safety
implications to drivers. Overall, findings provide a better understanding of
digital and static outdoor advertising as it relates to safety and consumer
behavior. The results of this study may have significant implications in both
the private and public sectors.Reas, B.; Dishman, P.; Mc Carter, A.; Jolley, AD. (2016). Using Eye Tracking and Electroencephalography to Understand the Efficacy of Digital and Static Outdoor Advertisements. En CARMA 2016: 1st International Conference on Advanced Research Methods in Analytics. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 168-169. https://doi.org/10.4995/CARMA2016.2015.3109OCS16816
Relationship of the Frequency, Distribution, and Content of Meals/Snacks to Glycaemic Control in Gestational Diabetes: The myfood24 GDM Pilot Study
This study examines nutritional intakes in Gestational diabetes mellitus piloting the myfood24 tool, to explore frequency of meals/snacks, and daily distribution of calories and carbohydrates in relation to glycaemic control. A total of 200 women aged 20–43 years were recruited into this prospective observational study between February 2015 and February 2016. Diet was assessed using myfood24, a novel online 24-h dietary recall tool. Out of 200 women 102 completed both ≥1 dietary recalls and all blood glucose measurements. Blood glucose was self-measured as part of usual care. Differences between groups meeting and exceeding glucose targets in relation to frequency of meal/snack consumption and nutrients were assessed using chi-squared and Mann–Whitney tests. Women achieving a fasting glucose target <5.3 mmol/L, compared to those exceeding it, consumed three meals (92% vs. 78%: p = 0.04) and three snacks (10% vs. 4%: p = 0.06) per day, compared with two or less; and in relation to evening snacks, consumed a higher percentage of daily energy (6% vs. 5%: p = 0.03) and carbohydrates (8% vs. 6%: p = 0.01). Achieving glycaemic control throughout the day was positively associated with snacking (p = 0.008). Achieving glucose targets was associated with having more snacks across the day, and may be associated with frequency and distribution of meals and nutrients. A larger study is required to confirm this
A national survey of services for the prevention and management of falls in the UK
Background: The National Health Service (NHS) was tasked in 2001 with developing service provision to prevent falls in older people. We carried out a national survey to provide a description of health and social care funded UK fallers services, and to benchmark progress against current
practice guidelines.
Methods: Cascade approach to sampling, followed by telephone survey with senior member of the fall service. Characteristics of the service were assessed using an internationally agreed taxonomy. Reported service provision was compared against benchmarks set by the National
Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).
Results: We identified 303 clinics across the UK. 231 (76%) were willing to participate. The majority of services were based in acute or community hospitals, with only a few in primary care or emergency departments. Access to services was, in the majority of cases, by health professional
referral. Most services undertook a multi-factorial assessment. The content and quality of these assessments varied substantially. Services varied extensively in the way that interventions were delivered, and particular concern is raised about interventions for vision, home hazard modification, medication review and bone health.
Conclusion: The most common type of service provision was a multi-factorial assessment and intervention. There were a wide range of service models, but for a substantial number of services, delivery appears to fall below recommended NICE guidance
Optical Conductivity in Mott-Hubbard Systems
We study the transfer of spectral weight in the optical spectra of a strongly
correlated electron system as a function of temperature and interaction
strength. Within a dynamical mean field theory of the Hubbard model that
becomes exact in the limit of large lattice coordination, we predict an
anomalous enhancement of spectral weight as a function of temperature in the
correlated metallic state and report on experimental measurements which agree
with this prediction in . We argue that the optical conductivity
anomalies in the metal are connected to the proximity to a crossover region in
the phase diagram of the model.Comment: 12 pages and 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett., v 75, p 105
(1995
Prediction of phenotype and gene expression for combinations of mutations
Molecular interactions provide paths for information flows. Genetic interactions reveal active information flows and reflect their functional consequences. We integrated these complementary data types to model the transcription network controlling cell differentiation in yeast. Genetic interactions were inferred from linear decomposition of gene expression data and were used to direct the construction of a molecular interaction network mediating these genetic effects. This network included both known and novel regulatory influences, and predicted genetic interactions. For corresponding combinations of mutations, the network model predicted quantitative gene expression profiles and precise phenotypic effects. Multiple predictions were tested and verified
The Plasmodium falciparum, Nima-related kinase Pfnek-4: a marker for asexual parasites committed to sexual differentiation
<b>Background</b>
Malaria parasites undergo, in the vertebrate host, a developmental switch from asexual replication to sexual differentiation leading to the formation of gametocytes, the only form able to survive in the mosquito vector. Regulation of the onset of the sexual phase remains largely unknown and represents an important gap in the understanding of the parasite's complex biology.
<b>Methods:</b>
The expression and function of the Nima-related kinase Pfnek-4 during the early sexual development of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum were investigated, using three types of transgenic Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 lines: (i) episomally expressing a Pfnek-4-GFP fusion protein under the control of its cognate pfnek-4 promoter; (ii) episomally expressing negative or positive selectable markers, yeast cytosine deaminase-uridyl phosphoribosyl transferase, or human dihydrofolate reductase, under the control of the pfnek-4 promoter; and (iii) lacking a functional pfnek-4 gene. Parasite transfectants were analysed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. In vitro growth rate and gametocyte formation were determined by Giemsa-stained blood smears.
<b>Results:</b>
The Pfnek-4-GFP protein was found to be expressed in stage II to V gametocytes and, unexpectedly, in a subset of asexual-stage parasites undergoing schizogony. Culture conditions stimulating gametocyte formation resulted in significant increase of this schizont subpopulation. Moreover, sorted asexual parasites expressing the Pfnek-4-GFP protein displayed elevated gametocyte formation when returned to in vitro culture in presence of fresh red blood cells, when compared to GFP- parasites from the same initial population. Negative selection of asexual parasites expressing pfnek-4 showed a marginal reduction in growth rate, whereas positive selection caused a marked reduction in parasitaemia, but was not sufficient to completely abolish proliferation. Pfnek-4- clones are not affected in their asexual growth and produced normal numbers of stage V gametocytes.
<b>Conclusions:</b>
The results indicate that Pfnek-4 is not strictly gametocyte-specific, and is expressed in a small subset of asexual parasites displaying high rate conversion to sexual development. Pfnek-4 is not required for erythrocytic schizogony and gametocytogenesis. This is the first study to report the use of a molecular marker for the sorting of sexually-committed schizont stage P. falciparum parasites, which opens the way to molecular characterization of this pre-differentiated subpopulation
- …