Physical Fitness Differences Between Prepubescent Boys and Girls

The purpose of this study was to analyze in which physical capabilities boys and girls are closer or distant. An additional objective was to find which of the body fat, physical activity, and somatotype factors have a greater effect on prepubescent children's physical fitness. This was a cross-sectional study involving 312 children (10.8 ± 0.4 years). The physical fitness assessment employed sets of aerobic fitness, strength, flexibility, speed, agility, and balance. The boys presented higher values in all selected tests, except tests of balance and flexibility, in which girls scored better. Gender differences in the physical fitness were greatest in the explosive strength of upper (p ≤ 0.01, η(p)(2) = 0.09) and lower limbs (p ≤ 0.01, η(p)(2) = 0.08), although with a medium-size effect of gender, and smaller in the abdominal (p > 0.05, η(p)(2) = 0.007) and upper limbs (p > 0.05, η(p)(2) = 0.003) muscular endurance, and trunk extensor strength and flexibility (p > 0.05, η(p)(2) = 0.001). The endomorphic (p ≤ 0.01, η(p)(2) = 0.26) in the girls, and the ectomorphic (p ≤ 0.01, η(p)(2) = 0.31) and mesomorphic (p ≤ 0.01, η(p)(2) = 0.26) in the boys, had the high-sized effect on the physical fitness. The physical activity in the girls, and the endomorphic and body fat in the boys, did not have a significant effect. These findings can help in the planning of activities that take into account the success and motivation of both boys and girls and thus increase levels of physical activity and physical fitness at school. However, in prepubescent children, one cannot neglect the influence of genetic determinism, observed from the morphoconstitutional point of view.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of Concurrent Training on Explosive Strength and VO2max in Prepubescent Children

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an 8-weeks training period of resistance training alone (GR), combined resistance and endurance training (GCON) and a control group (GC) on explosive strength and V(O2max) in a large sample of prepubescent boys and girls. 125 healthy children (58 boys, 67 girls), aged 10-11 years old (10.8±0.4 years) were assigned into 2 training groups to train twice a week for 8 weeks: GR (19 boys, 22 girls), GCON (21 boys, 24 girls) and a control group (GC: 18 boys, 21 girls; no training program). A significant but medium-sized increase from pre- to the post-training in the vertical jump (Effect size=0.22, F=34.44, p<0.01) and V(O2max) (Effect size=0.19, F=32.89, p<0.01) was observed. A significant large increase in the 1 kg (Effect size=0.53, F=202.17, p<0.01) and 3 kg (Effect size=0.48, F=132.1, p<0.01) ball throwing, standing long jump (Effect size=0.53, F=72.93, p<0.01) and running speed (Effect size=0.45, F=122.21, p<0.01) was also observed. The training group (GR and GCON) and sex factors did not significantly influence the evolution of strength variables from pre- to the post-training. The V(O2max) increased significantly only in GCON. Concurrent training is equally effective on training-induced explosive strength, and more efficient than resistance training only for V(O2max), in prepubescent boys and girls. This should be taken into consideration in order to optimize strength training school-based programs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

C-section on patient with secondary paraplegia resulting from spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma and acquired FXIII deficiency. A case report

Background: Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) in a pregnant patient is an extremely rare clinical condition and requires emergency surgical evacuation, while termination of pregnancy depends on fetal viability status1 . Etiology includes hemorrhagic diathesis, autoimmune inflammatory vasculitis, anticoagulant therapy, vascular malformations, and tumors. Pregnancy is considered a risk factor for SSEH. Below is a patient with SSEH and acquired FXIII deficiency (FXIII D) as a sole finding. Case report: A 37 year old, gravida 3 para 2, 28 weeks of gestation was transferred to our hospital with symptoms of progressive paraplegia over 72 hours. MRI showed spinal lesion due to spontaneous epidural hematoma, emergency decompression followed with a T1-T5 laminectomy. A hemorrhagic episode required transfusions up to 4 RBCs and 2 FFPs during the laminectomy, neither FXIII nor Tranexamic acid (TXA) was given on that occasion. The neurological examination showed flaccid paraplegia, with sensitive level at T3. Test results showed normal values except in FXIII-A concentration 28% (60-160%). No other major bleeding cause could be determined aside from the FXIII D. Two months later, she had a c-section performed at 36 weeks of gestation. Intravenous plasma-derived FXIII (pdFXIII) concentrate 2500 IU was given preoperatively along with TXA 1g. General anesthesia using propofol for induction and sevorane for maintenance was administered, no muscle relaxants or opioids were necessary. Videolaryngoscopy was used for orotracheal intubation. Bleeding was between normal ranges. There was no need for RBC transfusions. A healthy female baby was born with a 8/9 Apgar score and 2,840 grams. Post-operative FXIII-A level was 69%. Discussion: There are merely a few dozens of pregnant SSEH cases reported in the literature. Regional anesthesia for paraplegic condition is advised as the best technique to prevent autonomic dysreflexia; although general anesthesia seems more appropriate to prevent further spinal complications in patients with hemorrhagic diathesis2 . References: 1. Krishnan P, et al. Neurol India. 2014;62(2):205-7. 2. Jones BP, et al. Can J Anaesth. 2000;47(11):1122-28. Learning points: General anesthesia is an adequate anesthesia technique for paraplegic patients with FXIIID. FXIII should be tested even if coagulation test results are normal, and preoperative pdFXIII administration is probably the best way to prevent severe bleeding as well as TXA in these patients

NAA10 p.(N101K) disrupts N-terminal acetyltransferase complex NatA and is associated with developmental delay and hemihypertrophy

Nearly half of all human proteins are acetylated at their N-termini by the NatA N-terminal acetyltransferase complex. NAA10 is evolutionarily conserved as the catalytic subunit of NatA in complex with NAA15, but may also have NatA-independent functions. Several NAA10 variants are associated with genetic disorders. The phenotypic spectrum includes developmental delay, intellectual disability, and cardiac abnormalities. Here, we have identified the previously undescribed NAA10 c.303C>A and c.303C>G p.(N101K) variants in two unrelated girls. These girls have developmental delay, but they both also display hemihypertrophy a feature normally not observed or registered among these cases. Functional studies revealed that NAA10 p.(N101K) is completely impaired in its ability to bind NAA15 and to form an enzymatically active NatA complex. In contrast, the integrity of NAA10 p.(N101K) as a monomeric acetyltransferase is intact. Thus, this NAA10 variant may represent the best example of the impact of NatA mediated N-terminal acetylation, isolated from other potential NAA10-mediated cellular functions and may provide important insights into the phenotypes observed in individuals expressing pathogenic NAA10 variants.publishedVersio

Water, Climate, and Social Change in a Fragile Landscape

We present here and in the companion papers an analysis of sustainability in the Middle Rio Grande region of the U.S.-Mexico border and propose an interdisciplinary research agenda focused on the coupled human and natural dimensions of water resources sustainability in the face of climate and social change in an international border region. Key threats to water sustainability in the Middle Rio Grande River region include: (1) increasing salinization of surface and ground water, (2) increasing water demand from a growing population in the El Paso/Ciudad Juarez area on top of an already high base demand from irrigated agriculture, (3) water quality impacts from agricultural, municipal, and industrial discharges to the river, (4) changing regional climate that portends increased frequency and intensity of droughts interspersed with more intensive rainfall and flooding events, and (5) disparate water planning and management systems between different states in the U.S. and between the U.S. and Mexico. In addition to these challenges, there is an increasing demand from a significant regional population who is (and has been historically) underserved in terms of access to affordable potable water. To address these challenges to water resources sustainability, we have focused on: (1) the determinants of resilience and transformability in an ecological/social setting on an international border and how they can be measured and predicted; and (2) the drivers of change ... what are they (climate, social, etc.) and how are they impacting the coupled human and natural dimensions of water sustainability on the border? To tackle these challenges, we propose a research agenda based on a complex systems approach that focuses on the linkages and feedbacks of the natural, built/managed, and social dimensions of the surface and groundwater budget of the region. The approach that we propose incorporates elements of systems analysis, complexity science, and the use of modeling tools such as scenario planning and back-casting to link the quantitative with the qualitative. This approach is unique for our region, as are our bi-national focus and our conceptualization of water capital . In particular, the concept of water capital provides the basis for a new interdisciplinary paradigm that integrates social, economic, and natural sectors within a systems framework in order to understand and characterize water resources sustainability. This proposed approach would not only provide a framework for water sustainability decision making for our bi-national region at the local, state, and federal levels, but could serve as a model for similar border regions and/or international rivers in arid and semi-arid regions in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Latin America

Psychometric properties of the Child Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) applied to children and adolescents with cerebral palsy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cerebral palsy (CP) patients have motor limitations that can affect functionality and abilities for activities of daily living (ADL). Health related quality of life and health status instruments validated to be applied to these patients do not directly approach the concepts of functionality or ADL. The Child Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) seems to be a good instrument to approach this dimension, but it was never used for CP patients. The purpose of the study was to verify the psychometric properties of CHAQ applied to children and adolescents with CP.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Parents or guardians of children and adolescents with CP, aged 5 to 18 years, answered the CHAQ. A healthy group of 314 children and adolescents was recruited during the validation of the CHAQ Brazilian-version. Data quality, reliability and validity were studied. The motor function was evaluated by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Ninety-six parents/guardians answered the questionnaire. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 17.9 years (average: 9.3). The rate of missing data was low (<9.3%). The floor effect was observed in two domains, being higher only in the visual analogue scales (≤ 35.5%). The ceiling effect was significant in all domains and particularly high in patients with quadriplegia (81.8 to 90.9%) and extrapyramidal (45.4 to 91.0%). The Cronbach alpha coefficient ranged from 0.85 to 0.95. The validity was appropriate: for the discriminant validity the correlation of the <it>disability index </it>with the visual analogue scales was not significant; for the convergent validity CHAQ <it>disability index </it>had a strong correlation with the GMFM (0.77); for the divergent validity there was no correlation between GMFM and the pain and overall evaluation scales; for the criterion validity GMFM as well as CHAQ detected differences in the scores among the clinical type of CP (p < 0.01); for the construct validity, the patients' <it>disability index </it>score (mean:2.16; SD:0.72) was higher than the healthy group (mean:0.12; SD:0.23)(p < 0.01).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>CHAQ reliability and validity were adequate to this population. However, further studies are necessary to verify the influence of the ceiling effect on the responsiveness of the instrument.</p

Computer-Aided Histopathological Characterisation of Endometriosis Lesions.

Endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition characterised by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus and is associated with pain and infertility. Currently, the gold standard for endometriosis diagnosis is laparoscopic excision and histological identification of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. There is, however, currently no known association between the histological appearance, size, morphology, or subtype of endometriosis and disease prognosis. In this study, we used histopathological software to identify and quantify the number of endometrial epithelial and stromal cells within excised endometriotic lesions and assess the relationship between the cell contents and lesion subtypes. Prior to surgery for suspected endometriosis, patients provided menstrual and abdominal pain and dyspareunia scores. Endometriotic lesions removed during laparoscopic surgery were collected and prepared for immunohistochemistry from 26 patients. Endometrial epithelial and stromal cells were identified with Cytokeratin and CD10 antibodies, respectively. Whole slide sections were digitised and the QuPath software was trained to automatically detect and count epithelial and stromal cells across the whole section. Using this classifier, we identified a significantly larger number of strongly labelled CD10 stromal cells (p = 0.0477) in deeply infiltrating lesions (99,970 ± 2962) compared to superficial lesions (2456 ± 859). We found the ratio of epithelial to stromal cells was inverted in deeply infiltrating endometriosis lesions compared to superficial peritoneal and endometrioma lesions and we subsequently identified a correlation between total endometrial cells and abdominal pain (p = 0.0005) when counted via the automated software. Incorporating histological software into current standard diagnostic pipelines may improve endometriosis diagnosis and provide prognostic information in regards to severity and symptoms and eventually provide the potential to personalise adjuvant treatment decisions

Assessment and forecasting of mechanical properties for the 30-year-old Pinus radiata D. Don BY means of the multiple regression system.

Este estudio presenta los resultados del Proyecto FONDEF D97I2006 desarrollado en la Universidad del Bío-Bío (Chile). El objetivo del estudio fue desarrollar modelos de regresión múltiple para estimar las propiedades mecánicas de la madera de Pinus radiata D. Don, considerando las propiedades físicas de la madera, tipo de madera (juvenil y adulta) y diferentes zonas de crecimiento. Los modelos desarrollados permitieron obtener una buena estimativa de las propiedades mecánicas. La dureza paralela, dureza perpendicular, el MOR, el MOE y el esfuerzo máximo en compresión paralela, obtuvieron los coeficientes de determinación más altos, siendo de 0,82; 0,84; 0,80; 0,70 y 0,70, respectivamente.This paper presents the results of FONDEF Project D9712006 developed at Bío-Bío University (Chile). The objetive of the study was to develop multiple regression models to estimate mechanical properties of Pinus radiata D. Don wood taking into account physical properpies, wood type (juvenile and adult wood) and different wood source (regions). The models developed allow to obtain good estimates of the mechanical propierties. Parallel hardness, perpendicular hardness, MOR, MOE and maximum stress in parallel compression presented the highest determining coefficients, being 0.82; 0.84; 0.80; 0.70 and 0.70, respectively

IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN PROTOTIPO DE PRUEBA PARA DESARROLLOS EN VISIÓN ARTIFICIAL

RESUMEN  En este artículo se muestra como puede ser implementado un sistema estereoscópico simple usando dos cámaras de televisión, el cual puede ser usado para realizar pruebas en el desarrollo de diferentes proyectos en visión artificial. El sistema implementado usa cámaras fijas y segmentación por color para establecer la correspondencia entre las imágenes, mediante un algoritmo desarrollado en Matlab. La función básica del prototipo es estimar la distancia a la que se encuentran los objetos en un entorno. Con el fin de obtener un buen grado de precisión en la estimación de la distancia, se requiere una calibración adecuada de las cámaras, procedimiento que generalmente resulta bastante complejo. En éste artículo se simplifica la calibración bajo ciertos parámetros, con lo cual el modelo matemático se reduce a un problema de semejanza de triángulos.  PALABRAS CLAVES: Estimación de distancia, Procesamiento de imágenes, Segmentación por color, Visión Artificial, Visión estereoscópica, Visión por computador.  ABSTRACT  This paper shows how a simple stereoscopic system can be implemented using two TV cameras, system that may be used for testing in the development of different projects in computer vision. The implemented system uses fixed cameras and color segmentation to establish the correspondence between the images, using a MatLab developed algorithm. The basic function of the prototype is to estimate the distance at which the objects are in an environment. To get a good degree of accuracy in estimating the distance, it needs a proper calibration of the cameras, procedure which is generally quite complex. In this article the calibration is simplified under certain parameters, reducing the mathematical model to a problem of similarity of triangles.  KEYWORDS: Artificial vision, Color segmentation, Computer vision, Distance estimation, Estereoscopic vision, Image processing.