1,319 research outputs found
Calculation of the emission power distribution of microstructured OLEDs using the reciprocity theorem
S. Zhang, E.R. Martins, G.A. Turnbull and I.D.W. Samuel are grateful to the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for financial support.Integrating photonic microstructures into organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been a widely used strategy to improve their light out-coupling efficiency. However, there is still a need for optical modelling methods which quantitatively characterise the spatial emission pattern of microstructured OLEDs. In this paper, we demonstrate such rigorous calculation using the reciprocity theorem. The calculation of the emission intensity at each direction in the far field can be simplified into only two simple calculations of an incident plane wave propagating from the far field into a single cell of the periodic structure. The emission from microstructured OLED devices with three different grating periods was calculated as a test of the approach, and the calculated results were in good agreement with experiment. This optical modelling method is a useful calculation tool to investigate and control the spatial emission pattern of microstructured OLEDs.PostprintPeer reviewe
AVALIAÇÃO NUTRITIVA DE FENOS DA PASTAGEM NATURAL DO PARANÁ
Fenos de pastagem natural do Paraná colhidos durante o verão nos municípios de Ponta
Grossa, Guarapuava e Tibagi, foram avaliados pela composição química, determinação dos
coeficientes de digestibilidade e consumo voluntário com ovinos. Baseados na composição química,
os valores encontrados foram semelhantes para os três fenos estudados. No entanto, o feno de
Guarapuava apresentou valores mais elevados em FDN e lignina. Entre os coeficientes de
digestibilidade, somente o da proteína bruta e do FDN não apresentaram diferença significativa entre
os locais (P>0,05). Para a digestibilidade da matéria seca e energia bruta, o feno de Ponta Grossa
mostrou-se superior ao de Tibagi. No consumo de matéria seca, proteína e energia digestíveis, não
houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre locais, mas em relação a energia líquida de manutenção
o feno de Ponta Grossa diferiu significativamente do feno de Tibagi (P0.05). As far as digestibility of the dry matter and gross energy are concerned,
the hay of Ponta Grossa showed superior qualities when compared with the Tibagi one. No significant
differences (P>0.05) were found between all the hays studied. However, in regard to liquid
maintenance energy, the Ponta Grossa hay differed significantly from the Tibagi hay (
Quasi-stationary distributions for the Domany-Kinzel stochastic cellular automaton
We construct the {\it quasi-stationary} (QS) probability distribution for the
Domany-Kinzel stochastic cellular automaton (DKCA), a discrete-time Markov
process with an absorbing state. QS distributions are derived at both the one-
and two-site levels. We characterize the distribuitions by their mean, and
various moment ratios, and analyze the lifetime of the QS state, and the
relaxation time to attain this state. Of particular interest are the scaling
properties of the QS state along the critical line separating the active and
absorbing phases. These exhibit a high degree of similarity to the contact
process and the Malthus-Verhulst process (the closest continuous-time analogs
of the DKCA), which extends to the scaling form of the QS distribution.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, submited to PR
Gravitational Collapse of Phantom Fluid in (2+1)-Dimensions
This investigation is devoted to the solutions of Einstein's field equations
for a circularly symmetric anisotropic fluid, with kinematic self-similarity of
the first kind, in -dimensional spacetimes. In the case where the radial
pressure vanishes, we show that there exists a solution of the equations that
represents the gravitational collapse of an anisotropic fluid, and this
collapse will eventually form a black hole, even when it is constituted by the
phantom energy.Comment: 10 page
Manifestações Abdominais Do Linfoma Extranodal: Ensaio Iconográfico
In the appropriate clinical setting, certain aspects of extranodal abdominal lymphoma, as revealed by current cross-sectional imaging techniques, should be considered potentially diagnostic and can hasten the diagnosis. In addition, diagnostic imaging in the context of biopsy-proven lymphoma can accurately stage the disease for its appropriate treatment. The purpose of this article was to illustrate the various imaging aspects of extranodal lymphoma in the abdomen. © Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem.49639740
Modelling J/psi production and absorption in a microscopic nonequilibrium approach
Charmonium production and absorption in heavy ion collisions is studied with
the Ultrarelativisitic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model. We compare the
scenario of universal and time independent color-octet dissociation cross
sections with one of distinct color-singlet J/psi, psi' and chi_c states,
evolving from small, color transparent configurations to their asymptotic
sizes. The measured J/psi production cross sections in pA and AB collisions at
SPS energies are consistent with both - purely hadronic - scenarios. The
predicted rapidity dependence of J/psi suppression can be used to discriminate
between the two experimentally. The importance of interactions with secondary
hadrons and the applicability of thermal reaction kinetics to J/psi absorption
are investigated. We discuss the effect of nuclear stopping and the role of
leading hadrons. The dependence of the psi' to J/psi ratio on the model
assumptions and the possible influence of refeeding processes is also studied.Comment: 35 pages, 16 figure
Erratum: "Rotation, spectral variability, magnetic geometry and magnetosphere of the Of?p star CPD -28° 2561"
Este documento es una errata de "Rotation, spectral variability, magnetic geometry and magnetosphere of the Of?p star CPD -28° 2561" (ver documento relacionado).Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plat
BAs and boride III-V alloys
Boron arsenide, the typically-ignored member of the III-V arsenide series
BAs-AlAs-GaAs-InAs is found to resemble silicon electronically: its Gamma
conduction band minimum is p-like (Gamma_15), not s-like (Gamma_1c), it has an
X_1c-like indirect band gap, and its bond charge is distributed almost equally
on the two atoms in the unit cell, exhibiting nearly perfect covalency. The
reasons for these are tracked down to the anomalously low atomic p orbital
energy in the boron and to the unusually strong s-s repulsion in BAs relative
to most other III-V compounds. We find unexpected valence band offsets of BAs
with respect to GaAs and AlAs. The valence band maximum (VBM) of BAs is
significantly higher than that of AlAs, despite the much smaller bond length of
BAs, and the VBM of GaAs is only slightly higher than in BAs. These effects
result from the unusually strong mixing of the cation and anion states at the
VBM. For the BAs-GaAs alloys, we find (i) a relatively small (~3.5 eV) and
composition-independent band gap bowing. This means that while addition of
small amounts of nitrogen to GaAs lowers the gap, addition of small amounts of
boron to GaAs raises the gap (ii) boron ``semi-localized'' states in the
conduction band (similar to those in GaN-GaAs alloys), and (iii) bulk mixing
enthalpies which are smaller than in GaN-GaAs alloys. The unique features of
boride III-V alloys offer new opportunities in band gap engineering.Comment: 18 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables, 61 references. Accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev. B. Scheduled to appear Oct. 15 200
[Descriptive comparison of serum progesterone levels during intravaginal device insertion in mares]
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