On the use of semi-distributed and fully-distributed urban stormwater models

Urban stormwater models comprise four main components: rainfall, rainfall-runoff, overland flow and sewer flow modules. They can be considered semi-distributed (SD) or fully distributed (FD) according to the rainfall-runoff module definition. SD models are based on sub-catchments units through which rainfall is applied to the model and at which runoff volumes are estimated. In FD models, the runoff volumes are estimated and applied directly on every element of a twodimensional (2D) model of the surface. This poster presents a comparison of SD and FD models based on two case studies: Zona Central catchment at Coimbra, Portugal, and Cranbrook catchment at London, UK. SD and FD modelling results are compared against water depth and flow records in sewers, and photographic records of a flood event. In general, FD models are theoretically more realistic and physically-based, but the results of this study suggest that the implementation of these models requires higher resolution (more detailed) elevation, land use and sewer network data than is normally used in the implementation of SD models. Failing to use higher resolution data for the implementation of FD models could result in poor-performing models. In cases when high resolution data are not available, the use of SD models could be a better choice

Stochastic evaluation of sewer inlet capacity on urban pluvial flooding

In this paper we present an innovative methodology to stochastically assess the impact of sewer inlet conditions on urban pluvial flooding. The results showed that sewer inlet capacity can have a large impact on the occurrence of urban pluvial flooding. The methodology is a useful tool for dealing with uncertainties in sewer inlet operational conditions and contribute to comprehensive assessment of urban pluvial risk assessment

Colite Diverticular - nova abordagem terapêutica

Renard Jean-Pierre. "INRA-Edition" signale à l'attention des enseignants et des étudiants travaillant actuellement la nouvelle question de géographie aux concours de recrutement de professeurs. In: Hommes et Terres du Nord, 1996/4. Stratégies, territoires et développement local. p. 249

Stochastic urban pluvial flood hazard maps based upon a spatial-temporal rainfall generator

It is a common practice to assign the return period of a given storm event to the urban pluvial flood event that such storm generates. However, this approach may be inappropriate as rainfall events with the same return period can produce different urban pluvial flooding events, i.e., with different associated flood extent, water levels and return periods. This depends on the characteristics of the rainfall events, such as spatial variability, and on other characteristics of the sewer system and the catchment. To address this, the paper presents an innovative contribution to produce stochastic urban pluvial flood hazard maps. A stochastic rainfall generator for urban-scale applications was employed to generate an ensemble of spatially—and temporally—variable design storms with similar return period. These were used as input to the urban drainage model of a pilot urban catchment (~9 km2) located in London, UK. Stochastic flood hazard maps were generated through a frequency analysis of the flooding generated by the various storm events. The stochastic flood hazard maps obtained show that rainfall spatial-temporal variability is an important factor in the estimation of flood likelihood in urban areas. Moreover, as compared to the flood hazard maps obtained by using a single spatially-uniform storm event, the stochastic maps generated in this study provide a more comprehensive assessment of flood hazard which enables better informed flood risk management decisions

Clinical and quality-of-life assessment among women with temporomandibular disorder

OBJETIVOS: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar sintomas de dor, apertamento dos dentes, qualidade do sono e sensibilidade dolorosa nos principais músculos mastigatórios e estabilizadores cervicais e qualidade de vida de mulheres com Disfunção Temporomandibular (DTM). MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 45 mulheres, divididas em dois grupos. O grupo I, composto por 27 mulheres (30,1±5,8anos) com diagnóstico de DTM e o grupo II, controle, composto por 18 mulheres saudáveis (23,4±2,3 anos). A intensidade dos sintomas de dor, cefaleia, cervicalgia, de apertamento dos dentes e dificuldade de dormir foram avaliados por escala visual analógica (EVA), o limiar de dor dos músculos masseter, temporal anterior, trapézio superior e esternocleidomastoideo, com dolorímetro e a qualidade de vida, pelo SF-36. Foi realizada análise estatística e o nível de significância foi &#945;=0,05. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostram que mulheres com DTM têm sintomas mais intensos de cefaleia (p<0,001), cervicalgia (p<0,001), intensidade de apertamento dos dentes (p<0,001) e dificuldade de dormir (p<0,001). Também apresentam limiar de dor mais baixo nos músculos masseter (p<0,001), temporal anterior (p<0,001), trapézio superior (p<0,001), esternocleidomastoideo (p<0,001) e pior qualidade de vida em todos os domínios avaliados (p<0,05), quando comparados com o grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: Mulheres com DTM têm maior intensidade dos sintomas de dor, apertamento dos dentes, dificuldade de dormir, maior sensibilidade dolorosa em músculos mastigatórios e cervicais e pior qualidade de vida quando comparadas com mulheres sem DTM.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate pain symptoms, teeth clenching, quality of sleep, sensitivity to pain in the main masticatory and stabilizer muscles, and quality of life among women with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). METHODS: Forty-five women were evaluated and divided into two groups. Group I included 27 women (mean age 30.1±5.8 years) with a diagnosis of TMD and Group II (control) included 18 healthy women (mean age 23.4±2.3 years). The intensity of pain symptoms (headache, neck pain), teeth clenching and trouble sleeping was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). The pain thresholds of the masseter, anterior temporalis, upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles were evaluated using a dolorimeter. Quality of life was evaluated using SF-36. Statistical analysis was performed and the significance level was &#945;<0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that the women with TMD presented more intense headache (p<0.001), neck pain (p<0.001), teeth clenching (p<0.001) and trouble sleeping (p<0.001). They also presented lower pain threshold in the masseter (p<0.001), anterior temporalis (p<0.001), upper trapezius (p<0.001) and sternocleidomastoid (p<0.001) muscles and lower quality of life in all evaluated domains (p<0.05) when compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS:Women with TMD had greater intensity of pain symptoms, teeth clenching, trouble sleeping, sensitivity to pain in the masticatory and neck muscles and lower quality of life, compared with women without TMD

Diseño de la trama urbana y cobertura de las redes de transporte público

Una de las claves en su uso del transporte público es la accesibilidad de la población a las paradas o estaciones. Los planificadores del transporte han buscado siempre localizaciones de paradas y estaciones en espacios con un volumen importante de población residente y/o empleo en su entorno inmediato. En los últimos años, se conjugan también políticas urbanísticas para generar nuevos desarrollos urbanos orientados al uso del transporte público. Se busca potenciar las llamadas 3D: densidad, diversidad de usos y diseño urbano. En esta comunicación el objetivo es analizar cómo influye el diseño de la trama urbana en la cobertura de las redes de transporte público (cantidad de población y el empleo en el entorno próximo de las estaciones). La metodología se apoya en el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, sobre los que se han diseñado varios tipos de viarios, y para los que miden las superficies cubiertas y las distancias recorridas a estaciones localizadas en el centro de cada uno de ellos. Posteriormente, se hace un ejercicio de simulación donde se ha tomado el Metro de la ciudad de Madrid, y se han superpuesto sobre todas las estaciones de la red cada uno de los viarios tipo. Así, es posible calcular la población y el empleo cubiertos para cada uno de los escenarios tipo y compararla con la cobertura y la calidad de acceso a las estaciones a través del viario real de la ciudad. Al mantenerse fija las distribuciones de población y empleo, las diferencias se explican exclusivamente por el diseño de la trama urbana. Los resultados muestran como viarios orientados las estaciones incrementan notablemente la población y el empleo cubiertos

Measuring home advantage in Spanish Football (1928-2011)

Pollard (1986) estableció el procedimiento para analizar la ventaja de jugar en casa, efecto que en términos anglosajones se denomina “home advantage” (HA). La HA ha sido estudiada en multitud de deportes, tanto individuales como de equipo, determinando su existencia y sus posibles causas. Este artículo analiza la HA de la primera división de fútbol español a lo largo de su historia (desde 1928 hasta el 2011). La muestra es de 80 temporadas y 22.015 partidos jugados en las competiciones de liga de máxima categoría española. La HA es de 70,8±0,14 en las máximas categorías del fútbol español en la época en la que el valor de la victoria era de dos puntos (1928-1995) y de 56,7±0,14 cuando se otorgan tres puntos por la victoria (1995-2011Pollard (1986) established the procedure for analyzing the home advantage (HA). The HA has been studied in many different sports, both individual and team sports, determining its existence and its possible causes. This article analyzes the HA of the first division of Spanish football across the history (from 1928 until 2011). The sample is of 80 seasons and 22015 games of the highest level in Spain. The HA (mean±sd) is of 70.8±0.14 in the highest category in Spanish football during the period when a victory was worth two points (1928-1995) and 56.7±0.14 when three points were awarded for a victory (1995-2011

ASPECTOS ECONÔMICOS E AMBIENTAIS DA UTILIZAÇÃO DO AMENDOIM FORRAGEIRO PARA A RECRIA-ENGORDA DE BOVINOS DE CORTE NO ACRE

Este trabalho propõe analisar o retorno econômico e o impacto ambiental da atividade recria e engorda na pecuaria de corte, resultantes da utilização do amendoim forrageiro nas pastagens no Acre. Para determinar o retorno econômico foi estimado o benefício econômico gerado pelo sistema que utiliza o amendoim forrageiro em pastagens já estabelecidas, tendo como parâmetro o sistema que utiliza pastagens formadas com o “capim estrela” (Cynodon nlemfuensis). A avaliação dos impactos ambientais foi realizada em conformidade com o sistema de avaliação de impacto ambiental da inovação tecnológica agropecuária (AMBITEC-AGRO). Os resultados mostram que o Índice de Impacto Ambiental médio da inovação tecnologica foi positivo. Portanto, a tecnologia, no aspecto geral, contribui para a melhoria do meio ambiente. Enquanto no Aspecto econômico a inovação tecnologica contribuiu para o aumento da produtividade do rebanho, proporcionando ganhos econômicos na ordem de R$744,58 por hectare.----------------------------------------------This study proposes to analyze the economic return and environmental impact of activity growing and fattening in cattle beef, resulting from the use of forage peanut on Acre pasture. To determine the economic return was estimated economic benefit generated by the system that uses forage peanut in pastures already established, taking as a parameter the system that uses pastures formed with the “grass star” (Cynodon nlemfuensis). The environmental impact evaluation was conducted in accordance with the system of environmental impact evaluation of technological innovation agriculture (AMBITEC-AGRO). Results showed that the Environmental Impact Index mean technological innovation has been positive. So the technology, in general terms, contributes to the environment improvement. While in economic aspect the technological innovation contributed to the increase in herd productivity, providing economic gains in the order of R$ 744.58 per hectare.retorno econômico, impacto ambiental, amendoim forrageiro, Economic return, environmental impact, peanut forage, Livestock Production/Industries,