Medição e modelação da erosão do solo a micro-escala, após incêndios florestais

Mestrado em Engenharia do AmbienteEsta dissertação tem como principal objectivo o aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre os fenómenos de erosão hídrica a micro-escala, nomeadamente após um incêndio florestal ocorrido no Verão de 2005 na localidade de Jafafe, onde se situa a área de estudo numa encosta composta por plantações de eucalipto. São avaliadas as taxas de escorrência e erosão devidas a 18 simulações de chuva (RSE) realizadas em parcelas de simulação (0.28 m2) em 5 períodos distintos, bem como as taxas de escorrência e erosão produzidas em micro-parcelas (0.28m2) sob chuva natural. Foi observada elevada variabilidade nos dados de escorrência e erosão ao nível temporal bem como espacial e para ambos os tipos de dados. A variabilidade temporal é devida à passagem do tempo após o incêndio, nomeadamente através da recuperação de vegetação, bem como a variações sazonais nas características do solo, nomeadamente a sua repelência à água e o seu teor de humidade. Para a modelação da resposta hidrológica e de erosão foi seleccionado o modelo MEFIDIS, um modelo de base física. Na aplicação do modelo MEFIDIS, o ajuste dos parâmetros de entrada permitiu clarificar a influência da repelência à água e do coberto protector do solo como importantes factores condicionantes das taxas de escorrência e de perdas do solo observados nas simulações de chuva. Com o modelo, obtiveram-se melhores resultados para as simulações de chuva de alta intensidade do que de extrema intensidade. Uma possível explicação é que a extrema intensidade provoca maiores alterações nas condições de solo, nomeadamente a repelência à água, do que a alta intensidade. ABSTRACT: This thesis aims mainly to improve knowledge about erosion micro-scale phenomena, particularly after a forest fire occurred in the summer of 2005 in the town of Jafafe, which is the study area on a hillside composed of eucalyptus plantations. Are evaluated the rates of runoff and erosion due to 18 rainfall simulations (RSE) conducted in simulation plots (0.28 m2) in 5 separate periods, and rates of runoff and erosion produced in micro-plots (0.28 m2) under natural rainfall. It was observed high variability in the data of runoff and erosion at time and space and for both types of data. The temporal variability is due to the passage of time after the fire, particularly by the recovery of vegetation and by the seasonal variations in soil characteristics, including its water repellency and moisture content. For the modeling of hydrologic and erosion response, was selected model MEFIDIS, a physically based model. When applying this model, adjusting the input parameters have clarified the influence of water repellency and soil protective cover as important influential factors to rate of runoff and soil losses observed in the rainfall simulations. With the model, it was obtained better results for high rainfall intensity simulations than the extreme intensity. One possible explanation is that the extreme intensity causes major changes in soil conditions, such as water repellency, than high intensity

Issues to Consider in Converting to Digital Mammography

This paper will outline the reasons that many radiology practices are converting to digital mammography. In addition, we will provide basic information on the issues that must be considered in making the transformation. These include technical matters regarding image display, storage and retrieval, as well as clinical and ergonomic considerations

protocol for a scoping review

Background: Patient safety is a fundamental principle of health care but is one of the biggest challenges currently faced and a serious public health problem, since the occurrence of adverse events is probably one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The vulnerability of the paediatric population, combined with the potentially dangerous context of intensive care, makes Paediatric Intensive Care Units services of particular complexity in matters of safety, where there is a greater likelihood of incidents with serious consequences. It is agreed that research on the topic of PS should start with the measuring of different types of harm that exist in the contexts, to identify high-risk areas and define priorities. For this, it is necessary to resort to a multiplicity of valid, reliable and specific measurement instruments and to learn their advantages and limitations. The objective of this review will be to identify and map in scientific literature the instruments for measuring incidents related to patient safety applicable in the context of paediatric intensive care. Methods: This review will cover studies and documents that refer to all measurement instruments used in the field of patient safety in a context of paediatric intensive care. Quantitative, qualitative, or mixed nature published studies, as well as grey literature, produced in the last 5 years and relevant to the topic will be included, in Portuguese, English or Spanish languages. The sources of information include several databases (such as MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, JBI Databases) and sources relevant to grey literature. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles and abstract data. The extracted data, after being organised in the extraction table, will be mapped in a descriptive and logical way, taking into account the defined review questions. Discussion: The mapping of the tools in these protocols will allow to summarise the most widely used instruments, to know their specificities and to guide researchers to use the most appropriate measurement tools for their context, specifically, in paediatric intensive care. Systematic review registration: Open Science Framework (osf.io/b5m7j).publishersversionpublishe

Design and evaluation of a choreography-based virtual reality authoring tool for experiential learning in industrial training

The use of virtual reality (VR) for industrial training helps minimize risks and costs by allowing more frequent and varied use of experiential learning activities, leading to active and improved learning. However, creating VR training experiences is costly and time-consuming, requiring software development experts. Additionally, current authoring tools lack integration with existing data and are desktop-oriented, which detach the pedagogic process of creating the immersive experience from experiencing it in a situated context. In this article, we present a novel interactive approach for immersive authoring of VR-based experiential training by the trainers themselves, from inside the virtual environment and without the support of development experts. The design includes identifying interactable elements, such as 3-D models, equipment, tools, settings, and environment. The trainer also specifies by demonstration the actions to be performed by trainees, as a virtual choreography. During course execution, trainees’ activities are also registered as virtual choreographies and matched to those specified by the trainer. Thus, trainer and trainee are culturally situated within their area semantics and social discourse, rather than adopting concepts of the VR system for the learning content. We conducted a usability case study with professionals from an international wind energy company, using detailed models of wind turbines and real-world procedures. Trainers set up a training course using the immersive authoring tool, and trainees executed the course. The learning experience and usability were analyzed, and the training was certified by comparing real-world task completion between a user who had undergone virtual training and a user who did not.Manuscript received 25 June 2021; revised 30 November 2021 and 18 February 2022; accepted 2 March 2022. Date of publication 7 March 2022; date of current version 21 October 2022. This work was supported in part by the ERDF - European Regional Development Fund through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation - COMPETE 2020 under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, in part by the Portuguese National Innovation Agency (ANI) under Project POCI-01-0247-FEDER038524, and in part by Portuguese funding agency, FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under Project UIDB/50014/2020. An earlier version of this paper was presented in part at the 2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D UserInterfaces[DOI: 10.1109/VRW52623.2021.00199].(Corresponding author: Fernando Cassola.) Fernando Cassola, Daniel Mendes, and Ant onio Coelho are with the INESC TEC, and Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]). Manuel Pinto and Hugo Paredes are with the INESC TEC and University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]). Leonel Morgado is with the INESC TEC and Universidade Aberta, 1250-100 Lisboa, Portugal (e-mail: [email protected]). Sara Costa, Luıs Anjos, David Marques, Filipe Rosa, Ana Maia, and Helga Tavares are with the Vestas Wind Systems, 2670-327 Loures, Portugal (email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]). Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TLT.2022.3157065info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Definição do conteúdo da mnemónica posicionar

Introdução: A Terapêutica de Posição é uma terapêutica essencial na prestação de cuidados de saúde, coadjuvante no tratamento de várias morbilidades, importante para a promoção do conforto e bem-estar em pessoas de maior fragilidade, auxiliando na prevenção de várias complicações decorrentes da doença e/ou tratamento. Objetivo: Definir os indicadores da Mnemónica – POSICIONAR, para futura validação por um painel de peritos. Método: Estudo de abordagem mista, desenvolvido em 3 fases. Apenas nos centramos na abordagem qualitativa do segundo estudo. Participaram 9 enfermeiros peritos que responderam, em duas rondas, a dois formulários, que foram sujeitos a análise temática de conteúdo segundo Bardin. Resultados: A análise de conteúdo permitiu a organização de um conjunto de intervenções para as 10 categorias definidas a priori e que são representativas da terapêutica de posição. Conclusões: O instrumento proposto, possibilita sistematizar um conjunto de critérios a utilizar na avaliação e promoção da segurança da pessoa a posicionar, bem como, facilitar a comunicação entre os profissionais de saúde e a continuidade de cuidados.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diffusion MRI quality control and functional diffusion map results in ACRIN 6677/RTOG 0625: A multicenter, randomized, phase II trial of bevacizumab and chemotherapy in recurrent glioblastoma

Functional diffusion mapping (fDM) is a cancer imaging technique that quantifies voxelwise changes in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Previous studies have shown value of fDMs in bevacizumab therapy for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The aim of the present study was to implement explicit criteria for diffusion MRI quality control and independently evaluate fDM performance in a multicenter clinical trial (RTOG 0625/ACRIN 6677). A total of 123 patients were enrolled in the current multicenter trial and signed institutional review board-approved informed consent at their respective institutions. MRI was acquired prior to and 8 weeks following therapy. A 5-point QC scoring system was used to evaluate DWI quality. fDM performance was evaluated according to the correlation of these metrics with PFS and OS at the first follow-up time-point. Results showed ADC variability of 7.3% in NAWM and 10.5% in CSF. A total of 68% of patients had usable DWI data and 47% of patients had high quality DWI data when also excluding patients that progressed before the first follow-up. fDM performance was improved by using only the highest quality DWI. High pre-treatment contrast enhancing tumor volume was associated with shorter PFS and OS. A high volume fraction of increasing ADC after therapy was associated with shorter PFS, while a high volume fraction of decreasing ADC was associated with shorter OS. In summary, DWI in multicenter trials are currently of limited value due to image quality. Improvements in consistency of image quality in multicenter trials are necessary for further advancement of DWI biomarkers

Assessing the Standalone Sensitivity of Computer-aided Detection (CADe) with Cancer Cases from the Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (DMIST)

To assess the sensitivities and false detection rates of two CADe systems when applied to digital or screen-film mammograms in detecting the known breast cancer cases from the DMIST breast cancer screening population

Cancer Cases from ACRIN Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial: Radiologist Analysis with Use of a Logistic Regression Model

To determine which factors contributed to the Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (DMIST) cancer detection results

The complementary roles of iron and estrogen in menopausal differences in cardiometabolic outcomes.

Biological hormonal changes are frequently cited as an explanatory factor of sex and menopause differences in cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) and its associated risk factors. However, iron metabolism which varies between sexes and among women of different reproductive stages could also play a role. Recent evidence suggest that iron may contribute to CMD risk by modulating oxidative stress pathways and inflammatory responses, offering insights into the mechanistic interplay between iron and CMD development. In the current review, we provide a critical appraisal of the existing evidence on sex and menopausal differences in CMD, discuss the pitfall of current estrogen hypothesis as sole explanation, and the emerging role of iron in CMD as complementary pathway. Prior to menopause, body iron stores are lower in females as compared to males, but the increase during and after menopause, is tandem with an increased CMD risk. Importantly, basic science experiments show that an increased iron status is related to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and different cardiovascular diseases (CVD). While epidemiological studies have consistently reported associations between heme iron intake and some iron biomarkers such as ferritin and transferrin saturation with the risk of T2D, the evidence regarding their connection to CVD remains controversial. We delve into the factors contributing to this inconsistency, and the limitation of relying on observational evidence, as it does not necessarily imply causation. In conclusion, we provide recommendations for future studies on evaluating the potential role of iron in elucidating the sex and menopausal differences observed in CMD