Factors affecting sperm recovery rates and survival after centrifugation of equine semen

Conventional centrifugation protocols result in important sperm losses during removal of the supernatant. In this study, the effect of centrifugation force (400 or 900 × g), duration (5 or 10 min), and column height (20 or 40 mL; Experiment 1); sperm concentration (25, 50, and 100 × 10[superscript 6]/mL; Experiment 2), and centrifugation medium (EZ-Mixin CST [Animal Reproduction Systems, Chino, CA, USA], INRA96 [IMV Technologies, Maple Grove, MN, USA], or VMDZ [Partnar Animal Health, Port Huron, MI, USA]; Experiment 3) on sperm recovery and survival after centrifugation and cooling and storage were evaluated. Overall, sperm survival was not affected by the combination of centrifugation protocol and cooling. Total sperm yield was highest after centrifugation for 10 min at 400 × g in 20-mL columns (95.6 ± 5%, mean ± SD) or 900 × g in 20-mL (99.2 ± 0.8%) or 40-mL (91.4 ± 4.5%) columns, and at 900 × g for 5 min in 20-mL columns (93.8 ± 8.9%; P < 0.0001). Total (TMY) and progressively motile sperm yield followed a similar pattern (P < 0.0001). Sperm yields were not significantly different among samples centrifuged at various sperm concentrations. However, centrifugation at 100 × 10[superscript 6]/mL resulted in significantly lower total sperm yield (83.8 ± 10.7%) and TMY (81.7 ± 6.8%) compared with noncentrifuged semen. Centrifugation in VMDZ resulted in significantly lower TMY (69.3 ± 22.6%), progressively motile sperm yield (63.5 ± 18.2%), viable yield (60.9 ± 36.5%), and survival of progressively motile sperm after cooling (21 ± 10.8%) compared with noncentrifuged semen. In conclusion, centrifuging volumes of ≤ 20 mL minimized sperm losses with conventional protocols. With 40-mL columns, it may be recommended to increase the centrifugal force to 900 × g for 10 min and dilute the semen to a sperm concentration of 25 to 50 × 10[superscript 6]/mL in a milk- or fractionated milk-based medium. The semen extender VMDZ did not seem well suited for centrifugation of equine semen

Entropic long range order in a 3D spin glass model

We uncover a new kind of entropic long range order in finite dimensional spin glasses. We study the link-diluted version of the Edwards-Anderson spin glass model with bimodal couplings (J=+/-1) on a 3D lattice. By using exact reduction algorithms, we prove that there exists a region of the phase diagram (at zero temperature and link density low enough), where spins are long range correlated, even if the ground states energy stiffness is null. In other words, in this region twisting the boundary conditions cost no energy, but spins are long range correlated by means of pure entropic effects.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures. v3: added a phase diagram for ferromagnetically biased coupling

Dynamic simulations in SixTrack

The DYNK module allows element settings in SixTrack to be changed on a turn-by-turn basis. This document contains a technical description of the DYNK module in SixTrack. It is mainly intended for a developer or advanced user who wants to modify the DYNK module, for example by adding more functions that can be used to calculate new element settings, or to add support for new elements that can be used with DYNK.Comment: Submission to CERN yellow report / conference proceeding, the 2015 collimation tracking code worksho

Integrated Optics: a Report on the 2nd OSA Topical Meeting

This report surveys the papers presented at the 2nd OSA Topical Meeting on Integrated Optics, which was held 21–24 January 1974 in New Orleans, La

Penggunaan Metode Eksperimen untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas V Sdn 43 Tapis Tembawang

Complaint about its low usufructs student studying at brazes v as problem in processes studying activity. But, in this case that as prime factor is its reducing creativity learn in utilize learning method. This research intent to know sharpness in as much as which purpose methodics experiment can increase student studying result in tutorial IPA and to know teacher ability in design learning by use of experiment method and to know teacher ability upon perform learning by use of experiment method. This research utilize deskriftif kualitatif\u27s method with actions observational design braze. Subjek is research is learn and student. Base observational result to be concluded that purpose methodics experiment can increase student studying result

Studi Kasus pada Keluarga Tn.m yang Mengalami Hipertensi Dikelurahan Barombong Kota Makassar

Tujuan pembangunan kesehatan menuju Indonesia sehat 2020 adalah meningkatkan kesadaran, kemauan dan kemampuan hidup sehat bagi setiap orang agar terwujud derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang optimal melalui terciptanya masyarakat bangsa dan negara Indonesia yang ditandai oleh penduduknya hidup dalam lingkungan dan prilaku yang sehat serta memiliki derajat kesehatan yang bermutu secara adil dan merata.Tujuan penelitian, mengetahui gambaran umum tentang pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan keluarga Tn.”M” dengan Ny.”D” yang mengalami masalah Hipertensi.Metode penelitian, Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif karena berujuan untuk menggambarkan keadaan atau status fenomena. Dalam hal ini peneliti hanya ingin mengetahui hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan keadaan sesuatu.Hasil, dalam pelaksanaan asuhan keperawatan, penulis menggunakan ilmu keperawatan masyarakat serta didukung oleh program masyarakat dari departemen kesehatan. Penulis membina kerjasama yang baik dalam melakukan intervensi yang telah ditetapkan selama tiga hari bersama dengan keluarga untuk memecahkan dan mengatasi masalah dengan membuat perencanaan, melaksanakan kegiatan pemerataan dan mengatasi masalah dengan membuat perencanaan, melaksanakan kegiatan, pemecahan masalah dan evaluasi. Memperoleh pengalaman nyata tentang hasil yang diperoleh. Ada beberapa kesenjangan yang terjadi dan beberapa hambatan yang diperoleh dimana telah di bahas pada bab sebelumnya.Kesimpulan, pada perawatan keluarga hendaknya menggunakan pendekatan yang sistematis untuk mengindentifikasi masalah kesehatan secara tepat. Perlu adanya peningkatan informasi yang diberikan oleh petugas kesehatan guna meningkatkan pemahaman keluarga dan masyarakat terhadap suatu penyakit yang dialami dan masalah kesehatan yang terkait dengan kehidupan orang banyak, melalui preventif, dan promosi kesehata

Magneto-mechanical interplay in spin-polarized point contacts

We investigate the interplay between magnetic and structural dynamics in ferromagnetic atomic point contacts. In particular, we look at the effect of the atomic relaxation on the energy barrier for magnetic domain wall migration and, reversely, at the effect of the magnetic state on the mechanical forces and structural relaxation. We observe changes of the barrier height due to the atomic relaxation up to 200%, suggesting a very strong coupling between the structural and the magnetic degrees of freedom. The reverse interplay is weak, i.e. the magnetic state has little effect on the structural relaxation at equilibrium or under non-equilibrium, current-carrying conditions.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

The alpha-synuclein 5'untranslated region targeted translation blockers: anti-alpha synuclein efficacy of cardiac glycosides and Posiphen

Increased brain α-synuclein (SNCA) protein expression resulting from gene duplication and triplication can cause a familial form of Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopaminergic neurons exhibit elevated iron levels that can accelerate toxic SNCA fibril formation. Examinations of human post mortem brain have shown that while mRNA levels for SNCA in PD have been shown to be either unchanged or decreased with respect to healthy controls, higher levels of insoluble protein occurs during PD progression. We show evidence that SNCA can be regulated via the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) of its transcript, which we modeled to fold into a unique RNA stem loop with a CAGUGN apical loop similar to that encoded in the canonical iron-responsive element (IRE) of L- and H-ferritin mRNAs. The SNCA IRE-like stem loop spans the two exons that encode its 5'UTR, whereas, by contrast, the H-ferritin 5'UTR is encoded by a single first exon. We screened a library of 720 natural products (NPs) for their capacity to inhibit SNCA 5'UTR driven luciferase expression. This screen identified several classes of NPs, including the plant cardiac glycosides, mycophenolic acid (an immunosuppressant and Fe chelator), and, additionally, posiphen was identified to repress SNCA 5'UTR conferred translation. Western blotting confirmed that Posiphen and the cardiac glycoside, strophanthidine, selectively blocked SNCA expression (~1 μM IC(50)) in neural cells. For Posiphen this inhibition was accelerated in the presence of iron, thus providing a known APP-directed lead with potential for use as a SNCA blocker for PD therapy. These are candidate drugs with the potential to limit toxic SNCA expression in the brains of PD patients and animal models in vivo

Perancangan Buku Ilustrasi Edukatif Upaya Pelestarian Ikan Hiu

Ikan hiu merupakan predator puncak pada rantai makanan ekosistem bawah laut, yang dengan kata lain menjadi tonggak keseimbangan ekosistem bawah laut. Namun, populasi ikan hiu mengalami penurunan karena perburuan ikan hiu, khususnya di Indonesia, membuat beberapa spesies terancam punah. Sirip hiu, yang merupakan bahan utama pembuatan sup termahal di dunia; sup sirip hiu, menjadi alasan utama mengapa ikan hiu diburu meskipun pemerintah sudah menghimbau untuk menghentikan praktek perikanan ikan hiu. Agar seluruh informasi yang berkaitan dengan ikan hiu di Indonesia dapat tersampaikan kepada masyarakat, dibutuhkan sosialisasi dengan pemilihan media yang tepat. Media pembelajaran yang tepat untuk digunakan dalam penyampaian informasi ini adalah buku, yang merupakan media konvensional pembelajaran. Dengan merancang sebuah buku yang ditujukan pada masyarakat pada tingkatan konsumen akhir, buku ini diharapkan dapat membantu menyadarkan masyarakat pentingnya kelestarian ikan hiu di lautan, dan menekan perburuan ikan hiu