Indicadores de desempenho como direcionadores de valor

This work determines the extend to which analysts use strategic performance measures in addition to traditional financial measures and in what intensity their use in a developing economy is influenced not only by the capacity to predict the value contained in information divulged by companies, but also by its ease of acquisition. The result of the survey was similar to the values obtained in the United States, referring to the predominance of traditional financial indicators, observing a trend for dependence on these indicators alone to change. The results obtained in the analyst's view of strategic measures recommended by the balanced scorecard related to product quality, customer satisfaction and human resource management were not as high as expected. On the other hand corporate governance and process efficiency demonstrated a superior performance, which was not the case of social responsibility categories, which were among those with the worst performance. A communication gap between companies and investors was found and should be overcome by the dialogue between investment analysts and companies with the disclosure of non-financial measures.Este trabalho evidencia quais as medidas estratégicas mais usadas junto à comunidade dos analistas financeiros, além das medidas tradicionais, tendo como base a sua capacidade de prever valor e a sua facilidade de obtenção. Os resultados revelam a existência de importantes hiatos de comunicação entre a empresa e os analistas e eles não reconhecem como as medidas contidas nos instrumentos de planejamento estratégico voltadas para recursos humanos, satisfação do consumidor e qualidade dos produtos, podem agregar valor. Medidas tradicionais e financeiras têm uso predominante por sua facilidade de obtenção. A capacidade de prever valor será encontrada nas medidas de governança e de eficiência de processos, aí predominando medidas não-financeiras; mas o seu acesso é limitado pelos custos de obtenção e pela falta de políticas de divulgação.Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Administração de EmpresasUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Curso de Graduação em Administração de EmpresasUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração de EmpresasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) MedicinaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Curso de MestradoUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Curso de Graduação em EconomiaUNIFESP, MedicinaUNIFESP, EPM, Curso de MestradoSciEL

Prevalencia de Burkholderia glumae en cultivos de arroz en Ecuador

Burkholderia glumae is the agent responsible for bacterial panicle blight disease (BPBD) of rice that causes severe damage to this crop worldwide. During 2012 and 2013, symptoms of BPBD were observed in Palestina city, located in Guayas province, Ecuador. In 2014, the presence of B. glumae was confirmed at this location. In view of the socio-economic importance of rice in Ecuador, this research aimed to investigate the prevalence of B. glumae in other rice-producing regions. Eighteen bacterial isolates obtained from blighted kernels were characterized. Physiological, biochemical, serological, and molecular assays and the amplification of the 16S-23S rRNA ITS of the bacterial isolates collected confirmed the identity of the BPBD-associated bacterium. Pathogenicity assays verified the ability of these isolates to produce discoloration, spotting, and empty grains, symptoms associated with BPBD. Antibiotic assays showed that EC-EELS-01 isolate was sensitive to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, and resistant to polymyxin. The dissemination and prevalence of B. glumae were confirmed in the rice-producing areas of El Oro, Cañar, Guayas, and Los Rios provinces. This research will serve to develop genetic studies to characterize the population in the B. glumae isolates in Ecuador.Burkholderia glumae es el agente causal de la enfermedad del añublo bacterial de la panícula (bacterial panicle blight disease, BPBD) que causa daños severos al cultivo de arroz mundialmente. Del 2012 al 2013, los síntomas del BPBD se observaron en el cantón de Palestina, de la provincia del Guayas, Ecuador. En el 2014, se confirmó la presencia de B. glumae en este cantón. En vista de la importancia socio económica del cultivo del arroz en Ecuador, el objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar la prevalencia de B. glumae en otras localidades productoras de arroz. Se caracterizaron dieciocho aislados de bacterias obtenidas de granos afectados. Ensayos fisiológicos, bioquímicos, serológicos y moleculares que incluyeron la amplificación de la región ITS 16S-23S del ARNr de los aislados confirmaron la identidad de B. glumae. Ensayos de patogenicidad realizados en panículas de la variedad de arroz INIAP 15 verificaron la habilidad de cuatro aislados (i.e., EC-EELS-01, -02, -03 y -07) para causar descoloración, manchado y granos vanos que corresponden a síntomas asociados a BPBD. Los ensayos con antibióticos mostraron que el aislado EC-EELS-01 era sensible a la ciprofloxacina y a la tetraciclina y resistente a la polimixina. La diseminación y prevalencia de B. glumae se corroboraron en las áreas productoras de arroz en las provincias de El Oro, Cañar, Guayas y Los Ríos. Esta investigación proveerá una base para desarrollar un estudio genético y caracterizar la estructura poblacional de B. glumae en Ecuador

PROPOSTA DE INTERSECÇÃO DE LINHAS GEODÉSICAS SOBRE A SUPERFÍCIE ESFÉRICA E SOBRE O ELIPSÓIDE DE REVOLUÇÃO

A Lei 8.617 de 1993 define a Zona Econômica Exclusiva como uma faixa de até duzentas milhas náuticas ao longo do mar territorial, na qual os recursos existentes podem ser explorados, rendendo royalties aos estados que confrontam com essas áreas. A demarcação das águas territoriais será efetivada através da intersecção entre duas linhas geodésicas. Neste trabalho, propõe-se uma solução para o problema da intersecção de linhas geodésicas nas superfícies esférica e elipsoidal. Inicialmente, fundamentaram-se os cálculos na trigonométrica esférica, fornecendo resultados preliminares, que servem como uma primeira aproximação. Na sequência, propôs-se um método computacional recursivo, baseado nas formulações de Vincenty, onde são realizadas discretizações de azimutes de pequenos segmentos de arco, servindo como aproximação à intersecção por meio da obtenção do lugar geométrico do ponto oriundo da intersecção dos últimos segmentos obtidos

Next-generation methods for early disease detection in crops

: Plant pathogens are commonly identified in the field by the typical disease symptoms that they can cause. The efficient early detection and identification of pathogens are essential procedures to adopt effective management practices that reduce or prevent their spread in order to mitigate the negative impacts of the disease. In this review, the traditional and innovative methods for early detection of the plant pathogens highlighting their major advantages and limitations are presented and discussed. Traditional techniques of diagnosis used for plant pathogen identification are focused typically on the DNA, RNA (when molecular methods), and proteins or peptides (when serological methods) of the pathogens. Serological methods based on mainly enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are the most common method used for pathogen detection due to their high-throughput potential and low cost. This technique is not particularly reliable and sufficiently sensitive for many pathogens detection during the asymptomatic stage of infection. For non-cultivable pathogens in the laboratory, nucleic acid-based technology is the best choice for consistent pathogen detection or identification. Lateral flow systems are innovative tools that allow fast and accurate results even in field conditions, but they have sensitivity issues to be overcome. PCR assays performed on last-generation portable thermocyclers may provide rapid detection results in situ. The advent of portable instruments can speed pathogen detection, reduce commercial costs, and potentially revolutionize plant pathology. This review provides information on current methodologies and procedures for the effective detection of different plant pathogens. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry

Screening of papaya accessions resistant to Papaya lethal yellowing virus and capacity of Tetranychus urticae to transmit the virus

The objective of this work was to produce a polyclonal antiserum against the coat protein (CP) of Papaya lethal yellowing virus (PLYV) and to determine its specificity and sensibility in the diagnosis of the virus, as well as to evaluate the genetic resistance to PLYV in papaya (Carica papaya) accessions and to investigate the capacity of the two‑spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae to acquire and transmit PLYV to the plants. Sixty‑five papaya accessions were evaluated. For each accession, ten plants were mechanically inoculated using PLYV‑infected plant extracts, and three plants were mock inoculated with phosphate buffer alone and used as negative controls. Ninety days after inoculation, newly‑emerging systemic leaves were collected from the inoculated plants, and viral infection was diagnosed by indirect Elisa, using polyclonal antiserum sensible to the in vitro‑expressed PLYV CP. Viral transmission by T. urticae was evaluated in greenhouse. The experiments were repeated twice. Polyclonal antiserum recognized the recombinant PLYV CP specifically and discriminated PLYV infection from infections caused by other plant viruses. Out of the 65 papaya accessions evaluated, 15 were considered resistant, 18 moderately resistant, and 32 susceptible. The two‑spotted spider mite T. urticae was capable of acquiring PLYV, but not of transmitting it to papaya.O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir um antissoro policlonal contra a proteína capsidial (PC) do Papaya lethal yellowing virus (PLYV) e determinar sua especificidade e sensibilidade na diagnose do vírus, bem como avaliar a resistência genética de acessos de mamoeiro (Carica papaya) ao PLYV e investigar a capacidade do ácaro rajado Tetranychus urticae em adquirir e transmitir o vírus às plantas. Foram avaliados 65 acessos de mamoeiro. Para cada acesso, dez plantas foram submetidas à inoculação mecânica com extratos de plantas infectadas com PLYV, e três plantas receberam inoculação apenas com tampão de fosfato e foram usadas como controle negativo. Noventa dias após a inoculação, novas folhas sistêmicas emergentes foram coletadas das plantas inoculadas, e a infecção viral foi diagnosticada por Elisa indireto, com uso de antissoro policlonal sensível à PC do PLYV expressa in vitro. A transmissão viral por T. urticae foi avaliada em casa de vegetação. Os experimentos foram repetidos duas vezes. O antissoro policlonal reconheceu a PC do PLYV especificamente e discriminou a infecção pelo PLYV de infecções causadas por outros vírus. Dos 65 acessos de mamoeiros avaliados, 15 foram considerados resistentes, 18 moderadamente resistentes e 32 suscetíveis. O ácaro rajado T. urticae foi capaz de adquirir o PLYV, mas não de transmiti‑lo para o mamoeiro

A Novel Circulating MicroRNA for the Detection of Acute Myocarditis.

The diagnosis of acute myocarditis typically requires either endomyocardial biopsy (which is invasive) or cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (which is not universally available). Additional approaches to diagnosis are desirable. We sought to identify a novel microRNA for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis. To identify a microRNA specific for myocarditis, we performed microRNA microarray analyses and quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) assays in sorted CD4+ T cells and type 17 helper T (Th17) cells after inducing experimental autoimmune myocarditis or myocardial infarction in mice. We also performed qPCR in samples from coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis in mice. We then identified the human homologue for this microRNA and compared its expression in plasma obtained from patients with acute myocarditis with the expression in various controls. We confirmed that Th17 cells, which are characterized by the production of interleukin-17, are a characteristic feature of myocardial injury in the acute phase of myocarditis. The microRNA mmu-miR-721 was synthesized by Th17 cells and was present in the plasma of mice with acute autoimmune or viral myocarditis but not in those with acute myocardial infarction. The human homologue, designated hsa-miR-Chr8:96, was identified in four independent cohorts of patients with myocarditis. The area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve for this novel microRNA for distinguishing patients with acute myocarditis from those with myocardial infarction was 0.927 (95% confidence interval, 0.879 to 0.975). The microRNA retained its diagnostic value in models after adjustment for age, sex, ejection fraction, and serum troponin level. After identifying a novel microRNA in mice and humans with myocarditis, we found that the human homologue (hsa-miR-Chr8:96) could be used to distinguish patients with myocarditis from those with myocardial infarction. (Funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and others.).Supported by a grant (PI19/00545, to Dr. Martín) from the Ministry of Science and Innovation through the Carlos III Institute of Health–Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria; by a grant from the Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases (to Drs. Martín, Sánchez-Madrid, and Ibáñez); by grants (S2017/BMD-3671-INFLAMUNE-CM, to Drs. Martín and Sánchez-Madrid; and S2017/BMD-3867-RENIM-CM, to Dr. Ibáñez) from Comunidad de Madrid; by a grant (20152330 31, to Drs. Martín, Sánchez-Madrid, and Alfonso) from Fundació La Marató de TV3; by grants (ERC-2011-AdG 294340-GENTRIS, to Dr. Sánchez-Madrid; and ERC-2018-CoG 819775-MATRIX, to Dr. Ibáñez) from the European Research Council; by grants (SAF2017-82886R, to Dr. Sánchez-Madrid; RETOS2019-107332RB-I00, to Dr. Ibáñez; and SAF2017-90604-REDT-NurCaMeIn and RTI2018-095928-BI00, to Dr. Ricote) from the Ministry of Science and Innovation; by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); and by a 2016 Leonardo Grant for Researchers and Cultural Creators from the BBVA Foundation to Dr. Martín. The National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC) is supported by the Carlos III Institute of Health, the Ministry of Science and Innovation, the Pro CNIC Foundation, and by a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence grant (SEV-2015-0505). Mr. Blanco-Domínguez is supported by a grant (FPU16/02780) from the Formación de Profesorado Universitario program of the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports. Ms. Linillos-Pradillo is supported by a fellowship (PEJD-2016/BMD-2789) from Fondo de Garantía de Empleo Juvenil de Comunidad de Madrid. Dr. Relaño is supported by a grant (BES-2015-072625) from Contratos Predoctorales Severo Ochoa para la Formación de Doctores of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Dr. Alonso-Herranz is supported by a fellowship from La Caixa–CNIC. Dr. Caforio is supported by Budget Integrato per la Ricerca dei Dipartimenti BIRD-2019 from Università di Padova. Dr. Das is supported by grants (UG3 TR002878 and R35 HL150807) from the National Institutes of Health and the American Heart Association through its Strategically Focused Research Networks.S

Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BackgroundDisorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.MethodsWe estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined.FindingsGlobally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378–521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20–3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5–45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7–26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6–38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5–32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7–2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer.InterpretationAs the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed