Micronized bran enriched fresh egg tagliatelle: significance of gums addition on pasta technological features

[EN] The aim of the work was to produce fibre-enriched fresh pasta based on micronised wheat bran and durum wheat semolina with appropriate techno-functional properties. Wheat semolina was replaced with fine particle size (50% below 75 mu m) wheat bran - up to 11.54% (w/w). A Box-Behnken design with randomised response surface methodology was used to determine a suitable combination of carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum and locust bean gum to improve pasta attributes: minimum cooking loss, maximum values for water gain and swelling index, as well as better colour and texture characteristics before and after cooking. The proximate chemical composition of wheat semolina and bran was determined and the microstructure of uncooked pasta was observed as well. From the response surface methodology analysis, it is recommended to use: (i) xanthan gum over 0.6% w/w as it led to bran-enriched pasta with a better developed structure and superior cooking behaviour, (ii) a combination of xanthan gum (0.8% w/w) and carboxymethylcellulose (over 0.6% w/w) to enhance uncooked pasta yellowness.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Authors would like to thank the Conselleria de Empresa, Universidad y Ciencia, Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) for financial support throughout the project AICO/2016/056.Martín-Esparza, M.; Raga-Soriano, A.; González Martínez, MC.; Albors, A. (2018). Micronized bran enriched fresh egg tagliatelle: significance of gums addition on pasta technological features. Food Science and Technology International. 24(4):309-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013217750683S30932024

Antifungal Polyvinyl Alcohol Coatings Incorporating Carvacrol for the Postharvest Preservation of Golden Delicious Apple

[EN] Different polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating formulations incorporating starch (S) and carvacrol (C) as the active agent were applied to Golden Delicious apples to evaluate their effectiveness at controlling weight loss, respiration rate, fruit firmness, and fungal decay against B. cinerea and P. expansum throughout storage time. Moreover, the impact of these coatings on the sensory attributes of the fruit was also analyzed. The application of the coatings did not notably affect the weight loss, firmness changes, or respiration pathway of apples, probably due to the low solid surface density of the coatings. Nevertheless, they exhibited a highly efficient disease control against both black and green mold growths, as a function of the carvacrol content and distribution in the films. The sensory analysis revealed the great persistence of the carvacrol aroma and flavor in the coated samples, which negatively impact the acceptability of the coated products.This research was funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (Spain) through the projects RTA2015-00037-C02-00 and PID2019-105207RB-I00.Sapper, M.; Martín-Esparza, M.; Chiralt Boix, MA.; González Martínez, MC. (2020). Antifungal Polyvinyl Alcohol Coatings Incorporating Carvacrol for the Postharvest Preservation of Golden Delicious Apple. Coatings. 10(11):1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111027S1141011Gong, D., Bi, Y., Jiang, H., Xue, S., Wang, Z., Li, Y., … Prusky, D. (2019). A comparison of postharvest physiology, quality and volatile compounds of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Delicious’ apples inoculated with Penicillium expansum. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 150, 95-104. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2018.12.018Ma, L., He, J., Liu, H., & Zhou, H. (2017). The phenylpropanoid pathway affects apple fruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Journal of Phytopathology, 166(3), 206-215. doi:10.1111/jph.12677Nikkhah, M., Hashemi, M., Habibi Najafi, M. B., & Farhoosh, R. (2017). Synergistic effects of some essential oils against fungal spoilage on pear fruit. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 257, 285-294. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.06.021Batta, Y. A. (2004). Postharvest biological control of apple gray mold by Trichoderma harzianum Rifai formulated in an invert emulsion. Crop Protection, 23(1), 19-26. doi:10.1016/s0261-2194(03)00163-7Da Rocha Neto, A. C., Navarro, B. B., Canton, L., Maraschin, M., & Di Piero, R. M. (2019). Antifungal activity of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and star anise (Illicium verum) essential oils against Penicillium expansum and their mechanisms of action. LWT, 105, 385-392. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2019.02.060Dhall, R. K. (2013). Advances in Edible Coatings for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: A Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53(5), 435-450. doi:10.1080/10408398.2010.541568Lin, D., & Zhao, Y. (2007). Innovations in the Development and Application of Edible Coatings for Fresh and Minimally Processed Fruits and Vegetables. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 6(3), 60-75. doi:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2007.00018.xSánchez-González, L., Vargas, M., González-Martínez, C., Chiralt, A., & Cháfer, M. (2011). Use of Essential Oils in Bioactive Edible Coatings: A Review. Food Engineering Reviews, 3(1), 1-16. doi:10.1007/s12393-010-9031-3Burt, S. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94(3), 223-253. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022Combrinck, S., Regnier, T., & Kamatou, G. P. P. (2011). In vitro activity of eighteen essential oils and some major components against common postharvest fungal pathogens of fruit. Industrial Crops and Products, 33(2), 344-349. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.11.011Prakash, B., Kedia, A., Mishra, P. K., & Dubey, N. K. (2015). Plant essential oils as food preservatives to control moulds, mycotoxin contamination and oxidative deterioration of agri-food commodities – Potentials and challenges. Food Control, 47, 381-391. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.023Sivakumar, D., & Bautista-Baños, S. (2014). A review on the use of essential oils for postharvest decay control and maintenance of fruit quality during storage. Crop Protection, 64, 27-37. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2014.05.012Abbaszadeh, S., Sharifzadeh, A., Shokri, H., Khosravi, A. R., & Abbaszadeh, A. (2014). Antifungal efficacy of thymol, carvacrol, eugenol and menthol as alternative agents to control the growth of food-relevant fungi. Journal de Mycologie Médicale, 24(2), e51-e56. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.01.063Camele, I., Altieri, L., De Martino, L., De Feo, V., Mancini, E., & Rana, G. L. (2012). In Vitro Control of Post-Harvest Fruit Rot Fungi by Some Plant Essential Oil Components. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13(2), 2290-2300. doi:10.3390/ijms13022290De Souza, E. L., Sales, C. V., de Oliveira, C. E. V., Lopes, L. A. A., da Conceição, M. L., Berger, L. R. R., & Stamford, T. C. M. (2015). Efficacy of a coating composed of chitosan from Mucor circinelloides and carvacrol to control Aspergillus flavus and the quality of cherry tomato fruits. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00732Saad, I. K., Hassan, B., Soumya, E., Moulay, S., & Mounyr, B. (2016). Antifungal Activity and Physico-chemical Surface Properties of the Momentaneously Exposed Penicillium expansum Spores to Carvacrol. Research Journal of Microbiology, 11(6), 178-185. doi:10.3923/jm.2016.178.185Neri, F., Mari, M., & Brigati, S. (2006). Control of Penicillium expansum by plant volatile compounds. Plant Pathology, 55(1), 100-105. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01312.xZabka, M., & Pavela, R. (2013). Antifungal efficacy of some natural phenolic compounds against significant pathogenic and toxinogenic filamentous fungi. Chemosphere, 93(6), 1051-1056. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.076Sapper, M., & Chiralt, A. (2018). Starch-Based Coatings for Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables. Coatings, 8(5), 152. doi:10.3390/coatings8050152Cano, A. I., Cháfer, M., Chiralt, A., & González-Martínez, C. (2015). Physical and microstructural properties of biodegradable films based on pea starch and PVA. Journal of Food Engineering, 167, 59-64. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.06.003Jayakumar, A., K.V., H., T.S., S., Joseph, M., Mathew, S., G., P., … E.K., R. (2019). Starch-PVA composite films with zinc-oxide nanoparticles and phytochemicals as intelligent pH sensing wraps for food packaging application. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 136, 395-403. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.018Priya, B., Gupta, V. K., Pathania, D., & Singha, A. S. (2014). Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of biodegradable starch/PVA composite films reinforced with cellulosic fibre. Carbohydrate Polymers, 109, 171-179. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.044Russo, M. A. L., O’Sullivan, C., Rounsefell, B., Halley, P. J., Truss, R., & Clarke, W. P. (2009). The anaerobic degradability of thermoplastic starch: Polyvinyl alcohol blends: Potential biodegradable food packaging materials. Bioresource Technology, 100(5), 1705-1710. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.026He, L., Lan, W., Ahmed, S., Qin, W., & Liu, Y. (2019). Electrospun polyvinyl alcohol film containing pomegranate peel extract and sodium dehydroacetate for use as food packaging. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 22, 100390. doi:10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100390Tampau, A., González-Martinez, C., & Chiralt, A. (2017). Carvacrol encapsulation in starch or PCL based matrices by electrospinning. Journal of Food Engineering, 214, 245-256. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.07.005Marín, A., Atarés, L., Cháfer, M., & Chiralt, A. (2017). Properties of biopolymer dispersions and films used as carriers of the biocontrol agent Candida sake CPA-1. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 79, 60-69. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2017.01.024Castelló, M. L., Fito, P. J., & Chiralt, A. (2010). Changes in respiration rate and physical properties of strawberries due to osmotic dehydration and storage. Journal of Food Engineering, 97(1), 64-71. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.09.016Saei, A., Tustin, D. S., Zamani, Z., Talaie, A., & Hall, A. J. (2011). Cropping effects on the loss of apple fruit firmness during storage: The relationship between texture retention and fruit dry matter concentration. Scientia Horticulturae, 130(1), 256-265. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2011.07.008Baert, K., Devlieghere, F., Bo, L., Debevere, J., & De Meulenaer, B. (2008). The effect of inoculum size on the growth of Penicillium expansum in apples. Food Microbiology, 25(1), 212-217. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2007.06.002Daniel, C. K., Lennox, C. L., & Vries, F. A. (2015). In vivo application of garlic extracts in combination with clove oil to prevent postharvest decay caused by Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Neofabraea alba on apples. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 99, 88-92. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2014.08.006Expert Committe on Food Additives Fitthy-Fifth Reporthttp://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/42388/1/WHO_TRS:901.pdfSánchez-González, L., Cháfer, M., Chiralt, A., & González-Martínez, C. (2010). Physical properties of edible chitosan films containing bergamot essential oil and their inhibitory action on Penicillium italicum. Carbohydrate Polymers, 82(2), 277-283. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.04.047Perdones, Á., Escriche, I., Chiralt, A., & Vargas, M. (2016). Effect of chitosan–lemon essential oil coatings on volatile profile of strawberries during storage. Food Chemistry, 197, 979-986. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.054Talón, E., Vargas, M., Chiralt, A., & González-Martínez, C. (2019). Antioxidant starch-based films with encapsulated eugenol. Application to sunflower oil preservation. LWT, 113, 108290. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108290Andrade, J., González-Martínez, C., & Chiralt, A. (2020). The Incorporation of Carvacrol into Poly (vinyl alcohol) Films Encapsulated in Lecithin Liposomes. Polymers, 12(2), 497. doi:10.3390/polym12020497Wiśniewska, M., Bogatyrov, V., Ostolska, I., Szewczuk-Karpisz, K., Terpiłowski, K., & Nosal-Wiercińska, A. (2015). Impact of poly(vinyl alcohol) adsorption on the surface characteristics of mixed oxide Mn x O y –SiO2. Adsorption, 22(4-6), 417-423. doi:10.1007/s10450-015-9696-2Sapper, M., Palou, L., Pérez-Gago, M. B., & Chiralt, A. (2019). Antifungal Starch–Gellan Edible Coatings with Thyme Essential Oil for the Postharvest Preservation of Apple and Persimmon. Coatings, 9(5), 333. doi:10.3390/coatings9050333Conforti, F. D., & Totty, J. A. (2007). Effect of three lipid/hydrocolloid coatings on shelf life stability of Golden Delicious apples. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 42(9), 1101-1106. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01365.xMiller, K. S., & Krochta, J. M. (1997). Oxygen and aroma barrier properties of edible films: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 8(7), 228-237. doi:10.1016/s0924-2244(97)01051-0Banks, N. H., Dadzie, B. K., & Cleland, D. J. (1993). Reducing gas exchange of fruits with surface coatings. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 3(3), 269-284. doi:10.1016/0925-5214(93)90062-8Kader, A. A., Zagory, D., Kerbel, E. L., & Wang, C. Y. (1989). Modified atmosphere packaging of fruits and vegetables. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 28(1), 1-30. doi:10.1080/10408398909527490Campos-Requena, V. H., Rivas, B. L., Pérez, M. A., Figueroa, C. R., Figueroa, N. E., & Sanfuentes, E. A. (2017). Thermoplastic starch/clay nanocomposites loaded with essential oil constituents as packaging for strawberries − In vivo antimicrobial synergy over Botrytis cinerea. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 129, 29-36. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2017.03.005Grande-Tovar, C. D., Chaves-Lopez, C., Serio, A., Rossi, C., & Paparella, A. (2018). Chitosan coatings enriched with essential oils: Effects on fungi involved in fruit decay and mechanisms of action. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 78, 61-71. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.019Perdones, A., Sánchez-González, L., Chiralt, A., & Vargas, M. (2012). Effect of chitosan–lemon essential oil coatings on storage-keeping quality of strawberry. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 70, 32-41. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2012.04.002Qian, D., Du, G., & Chen, J. (2004). Isolation and Culture Characterization of a New Polyvinyl Alcohol-Degrading Strain: Penicillium sp. WSH02-21. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 20(6), 587-591. doi:10.1023/b:wibi.0000043172.83610.08Kawai, F., & Hu, X. (2009). Biochemistry of microbial polyvinyl alcohol degradation. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 84(2). doi:10.1007/s00253-009-2113-6Banani, H., Olivieri, L., Santoro, K., Garibaldi, A., Gullino, M., & Spadaro, D. (2018). Thyme and Savory Essential Oil Efficacy and Induction of Resistance against Botrytis cinerea through Priming of Defense Responses in Apple. Foods, 7(2), 11. doi:10.3390/foods7020011Cano Embuena, A. I., Cháfer Nácher, M., Chiralt Boix, A., Molina Pons, M. P., Borrás Llopis, M., Beltran Martínez, M. C., & González Martínez, C. (2016). Quality of goat′s milk cheese as affected by coating with edible chitosan‐essential oil films. International Journal of Dairy Technology, 70(1), 68-76. doi:10.1111/1471-0307.1230

Assessment of techno-functional and sensory attributes of tiger nut fresh egg tagliatelle

[EN] This work aims to evaluate the effect of tiger nut flour -TNF- (rich in insoluble fiber, minerals and lipids of healthy fatty acid profile) incorporation on the techno-functional and sensory attributes of durum wheat fresh egg tagliatelle. Durum wheat semolina was replaced by 10, 20 and 30% (w/w) of TNF and the resultant tiger nut tagliatelles were compared to traditional pasta (100% durum semolina). The maximum substitution level was chosen in order to obtain tagliatelle with fair techno-functional properties and acceptable sensory quality. In addition, the 30% substitution level assures a product with more than 3% of fiber content. The cooking properties, texture, colour attributes, sensory profile and water uptake kinetics of tagliatelle were evaluated. The proximate chemical composition and particle size distribution of raw materials was assessed as well. The higher cooking loss, water absorption ratios and swelling indexes associated with higher substitution levels of TNF resulted in a darker and stickier product, with a lower firmness, hardness and cohesive structure. The overall acceptability of tiger nut pasta depends more on visual and textural characteristics than on taste. No significant changes on the initial water absorption rate during cooking were observed between the control and tiger nut pasta. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Authors would like to thank the Conselleria de Empresa, Universidad y Ciencia (Spain) for financial support throughout the project AICO/2016/056. Also, authors express sincere thanks to Harinas Villamayor S.A., Tigernuts Traders, S.L. and Avicola Llombai S.A. for providing raw materials for conducting this study.Albors, A.; Raigón Jiménez, MD.; García-Martínez, MD.; Martín-Esparza, M. (2016). Assessment of techno-functional and sensory attributes of tiger nut fresh egg tagliatelle. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 74:183-190. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2016.07.047S1831907

Analysis of validamycin as a potential antifungal compound against Candida albicans

Validamycin A has been successfully applied in the fight against phytopathogenic fungi. Here, the putative antifungal effect of this pseudooligosaccharide against the prevalent human pathogen Candida albicans was examined. Validamycin A acts as a potent competitive inhibitor of the cell-wall-linked acid trehalase (Atc1p). The estimated MIC50 for the C. albicans parental strain CEY.1 was 500 mg/l. The addition of doses below MIC50 to exponentially growing CEY.1 cells caused a slight reduction in cell growth. A concentration of 1 mg/ml was required to achieve a significant degree of cell killing. The compound was stable as evidenced by the increased reduction of cell growth with increasing incubation time. A homozygous atc1Δ/atc1Δ mutant lacking functional Atc1p activity showed greater resistance to the drug. The antifungal power of validamycin A was limited compared with the drastic lethal action caused by exposure to amphotericin B. The endogenous content of trehalose rose significantly upon validamycin and amphotericin B addition. Neither serum-induced hypha formation nor the level of myceliation recorded in macroscopic colonies were affected by exposure to validamycin A. Our results suggest that, although validamycin A cannot be considered a clinically useful antifungal against C. albicans, its mechanism of action and antifungal properties provide the basis for designing new, clinically interesting, antifungal-related compounds. [Int Microbiol 2013; 16(4):217-225]Keywords: Candida albicans · Rhizoctonia solani · validamycin A · amphotericin B · trehalos

Collaborative elicitation to select a sustainable biogas desulfurization technique for landfills

[EN] The 2015 Paris Agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change establishes three key ways for the reduction of the emissions of Greenhouse Effect Gases: mitigation, adaptation and resilience of ecosystems. In this context, one of the major goals for methane recovery from waste is the process of obtaining biogas from biomass or waste, a form of fuel with zero impact on the carbon footprint of the planet. All possible uses of biogas depend mainly on the degree of purification obtained. The removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is the main weakness in using biogas in industrial applications. If the use of biogas is intended for engines, turbines or to enrich the biogas to obtain natural gas, lowering the levels of H2S will be necessary, in order to avoid corrosion in gas lines and in engines. Biogas desulfurization can be achieved through different techniques: physical, chemical, biological or hybrid procedures. Selecting the most sustainable technique to clean biogas entails a complex problem, which involves the analysis of these desulfurization treatments under different criteria. In this paper, we present a novel collaborative elicitation to select the consensus procedure for the reduction of the concentration of H2S in biogases from landfills. The elicitation technique is based on fuzzy set theory and VIKOR method in order to handle intangible data and to avoid potential bias by the panelists. The proposed hybrid method guarantees traceability and transparency to achieve consensus among the panel of experts during the decision making procedure.Curiel-Esparza, J.; Reyes-Medina, M.; Martín Utrillas, MG.; Martínez-García, MP.; Canto-Perello, J. (2019). Collaborative elicitation to select a sustainable biogas desulfurization technique for landfills. Journal of Cleaner Production. 212:1334-1344. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.095S1334134421

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures of Quality of Life in People Affected by Diabetic Foot: A Psychometric Systematic Review

Peu diabètic; Psicometria; Qualitat de vidaDiabetic foot; Psychometrics; Quality of lifePie diabético; Psicometría; Calidad de vidaObjectives: This psychometric systematic review aimed to identify the most suitable patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of quality of life (QoL) in people affected by diabetic foot. Methods: We performed a literature search in MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), and PsycINFO (EBSCOhost) databases from inception to February 1, 2022. We also searched gray literature databases. Eligible studies were full-text reports developing a QoL condition-specific PROM or assessing one or more of its measurement properties in people affected by diabetic foot. We assessed the methodological quality of included studies independently using the "Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments Risk of Bias" checklist. The measurement properties were evaluated using specific criteria. We graded the quality of the evidence using a "Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation" approach modified by Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments. Results: Forty-three reports (46 studies) providing information on the measurement properties of 10 different PROMs were included. We did not identify any instruments that could be recommended for use. We identified 2 PROMs that were not recommended for use and 8 that were potentially recommended but would require further investigation. Of these 8 PROMs, 4 had better evidence for content validity. Conclusions: Available PROMs to measure QoL in people affected by diabetic foot have limited evidence for their measurement properties. There is no fully suitable PROM. Pending further evidence, 4 PROMs could potentially be recommended for use

Asociación entre calidad de vida laboral y estilo de vida en personal de enfermería

The uniqueness and context of work in health professionals makes them more vulnerable to unsatisfactorily perceiving their quality of working life, affecting their performance and productivity, disrupting the personal sphere; Therefore, the present study was carried out with the objective of identifying the association between quality of professional life and lifestyle in nursing personnel, through a correlational, comparative cross-sectional study in 111 nurses working in a hospital. public of Zacatecas, Mexico. The Professional Quality of Life questionnaires (CPV-35) and the Practices and Beliefs on Lifestyles instrument were applied. On a scale from 0 to 100, the lifestyle obtained an average of 58.64 points (SD = 14.31) and the quality of professional life 62.38 (SD = 10.87), with a positive and significant association between both variables (r = .320, p=.01). Younger people, with less job seniority and less schooling, were the ones who presented less healthy lifestyles. It is necessary to implement strategies to improve the work and personal environment of these professionals, who, being the main promoters of health, should lead by example.La singularidad y contexto del trabajo en profesionales del área de la salud, los hace más vulnerables a percibir de manera no satisfactoria su calidad de vida laboral afectando su desempeño y productividad, trastocando el ámbito personal; por lo que el presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de identificar la asociación entre calidad de vida profesional y estilo de vida en personal de enfermería, a través de un estudio correlacional, comparativo de corte transversal en 111 enfermeros(as) trabajadores de un hospital público de Zacatecas, México. Se aplicaron los cuestionarios de Calidad de Vida Profesional (CPV-35) y el instrumento de Prácticas y Creencias sobre Estilos de Vida. En una escala del 0 al 100, el estilo de vida obtuvo una media de 58.64 puntos (DE = 14.31) y la calidad de vida profesional de 62.38 (DE = 10.87), con asociación positiva y significativa entre ambas variables (r = .320, p=.01). Las personas de menor edad, con menor antigüedad laboral y escolaridad más baja, fueron quienes presentaron estilos de vida menos saludables. Es necesario implementar estrategias para mejorar el ambiente laboral y personal de estos profesionistas, quienes al ser los principales promotores de la salud, debieran predicar con el ejemplo

“Es lo que te tocó”. Violencia y desigualdad en mujeres mayores rurales a lo largo del curso de vida

Violence against women is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon. However, it is made invisible in the private sphere, affecting women of different ages and contexts. The objective of this article is to analyze the connection between conditions of inequality and experiences of violence in older rural women, faced throughout their life course. Using the life course approach and qualitative methodology, the life stories of four elderly women living in rural communities in Durango (Mexico) are explored, who throughout their biography have been the object of different forms of violence, with an entrenched anchorage in gender asymmetries. The results show that gender inequalities experienced from early ages of life have immediate repercussions, but also in the long term, translating into different types of violence as a "normalized" state of "being a woman". The study's conclusions highlight the importance of politicizing and deconstructing inequalities and gender relations.La violencia en las mujeres es un fenómeno complejo y de carácter multifactorial, sin embargo, es invisibilizado en el ámbito de lo privado, afectando a mujeres de distintas edades y contextos. El objetivo del presente analizar la conexión entre las condiciones de desigualdad y las experiencias de violencia en mujeres mayores rurales, vivenciadas a lo largo del curso de vida. Mediante el enfoque de curso de vida y la metodología cualitativa, se exploran las historias de vida de cuatro mujeres mayores habitantes de comunidades rurales de Durango (México), que a lo largo de su biografía han sido objeto de distintas formas de violencia, con un arraigado anclaje en las asimetrías de género. Los resultados muestran que las desigualdades de género vivenciadas desde edades tempranas de la vida tienen repercusiones inmediatas, pero también a largo plazo, traduciéndose en distintos tipos de violencia como un estado “normalizado” del “ser mujer”. Las conclusiones del estudio ponen en relieve la importancia de politizar y deconstruir las desigualdades y las relaciones de género

Generación de recursos audiovisuales para la realización de medidas antropométricas en sujetos diagnosticados con obesidad

Objetivo: La valoración antropométrica es muy utilizada en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de las personas con obesidad, aunque la toma de algunas mediciones antropométricas presenta dificultades por el propio morfotipo de la persona y la inexistencia de normas estandarizadas. El objetivo del presente documento fue generar recursos audiovisuales sobre como realizar mediciones corporales en sujetos con obesidad para complementar el conocimiento de los profesionales de la salud sobre los índices de salud y mediciones corporales más adecuados para aplicar a sujetos con obesidad. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo sobre la generación de material audiovisual basado en mediciones posibles y relevantes para el estudio antropométrico en sujetos con obesidad. Se tomaron fotografías y grabaciones en vídeo de dichas mediciones aplicadas en un voluntario de cada sexo con obesidad. Resultados: El material audiovisual consta de nueve medidas antropométricas entre las que se encuentran cuatro pliegues cutáneos (tríceps, subescapular, submandibular y cresta iliaca), 4 perímetros (brazo relajado, cintura, umbilical y cadera) y un diámetro (antero-posterior del abdomen). Conclusión: Existe controversia acerca del protocolo de medición del perímetro de cintura, abdominal y diámetro sagital del abdomen, en personas con obesidad ya que los puntos anatómicos de referencia varían de unos estudios a otros, creando confusión. Por tanto, el material audiovisual creado es novedoso, útil para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las mediciones antropométricas y usable tanto en el ámbito académico como en la práctica clínica diaria.Aim: Anthropometric assessment is widely used in the diagnosis and follow-up of people with obesity, although taking some anthropometric measurements presents difficulties due to the person's own morphotype and the non-existence of standardised norms. The aim is to generate, evaluate and standardise audiovisual resources on body measurements in subjects with obesity to complement the knowledge of health professionals on the most appropriate health indices and body measurements to apply to subjects with obesity.Methods: Observational and cross-sectional study on the generation of audiovisual material based on possible and relevant measurements for the anthropometric and nutritional study in patients with obesity. Photographs and video recordings were taken of these measurements applied to a volunteer of each sex with the weight or percentage of fat mass typical of obesity. Results: The audiovisual material consists of 5 data sheets of the selected anthropometric measurements (relaxed and contracted arm girth, A-P abdominal depth, waist girth, umbilical girth, and hips girth). Conclusion: There is controversy about the protocol for measuring waist circumference, abdominal circumference and sagittal diameter of the abdomen in people with obesity, as the anatomical reference points vary from one study to another, creating confusion. Therefore, the audiovisual material created is innovative, useful for teaching and learning anthropometric measurements and usable both in the academic environment and in daily clinical practice

The use of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289 on oral health indexes in a school population: A pilot randomized clinical trial

To assess the effects of a probiotic upon oral health indices in adolescents and to establish relationships between these indices and dietary habits and oral hygiene. Twenty-seven adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age were randomized into two groups. The study group received tablets containing Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938/ATCC 5289 for 28 days, while the control group received tablets without any bacteria. Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus sp., and salivary pH were assessed at baseline and at 7, 14, 21, 28, and 45 days. The plaque, gingivitis, and bleeding indices were recorded at baseline and at 14, 28, and 45 days. Dietary and oral hygiene habits were also evaluated by means of a questionnaire. A less marked rise in S. mutans was recorded in the study group. Improvements were observed in terms of plaque, gingivitis, and bleeding, though statistical significance was not reached. Oral pH increased in the study group, though not to a significant degree. Poorer eating habits were significantly correlated to increased plaque. The study parameters decreased with the two strains of L. reuteri DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 5289, though the results failed to reach statisticalOdontologí