Incentivizing the Dissemination of Truth Versus Fake News in Social Networks

The concept of truth, as a public good is the production of a collective understanding, which emerges from a complex network of social interactions. The recent impact of social networks on shaping the perception of truth in political arena shows how such perception is corroborated and established by the online users, collectively. However, investigative journalism for discovering truth is a costly option, given the vast spectrum of online information. In some cases, both journalist and online users choose not to investigate the authenticity of the news they receive, because they assume other actors of the network had carried the cost of validation. Therefore, the new phenomenon of "fake news" has emerged within the context of social networks. The online social networks, similarly to System of Systems, cause emergent properties, which makes authentication processes difficult, given availability of multiple sources. In this study, we show how this conflict can be modeled as a volunteer's dilemma. We also show how the public contribution through news subscription (shared rewards) can impact the dominance of truth over fake news in the network.Comment: System of Systems Engineering Conference (SoSE), 2017 12th. IEEE, 201

Model Proposed to Design the Marketing Mix Strategy (4C&A) by Using Strategic Reference Points (SRP) in PSP Industrial

Marketing strategy through a situation analysis identifies market opportunities and by defining different market segments and identifying strengths and weakness of the organization, provides competitive conditions.This article based on the theory of strategic reference point (SRP, s) model for compatibility between marketing strategy and marketing mix strategy task 4c and also with an emphasis on smart advertising according to the concept developed in recent years and through the tools provided by technology.In this paper on the basis of philosophical and logical strategic reference points two control reference point the control and focus interest  (internal and external) have been considered as important reference points. Marketing strategy in business level and marketing mix strategy (4C) and adding advertising to the collection, have been studied. The statistical population of this research has been electronic payment industry, and the statistical sample has been Asanpardakht Company. Results have led to a model proposed to explain the 4C marketing mix strategy and highlighting advertisement element in the marketing strategy. Integration strategy has been carried out for each mix, individually.in this paper the proposed conceptual model, regarding to the specific industry field of research, has been aimed to promote the integration& synergy of the related organizations. Keywords: Marketing strategy, Marketing mix, Strategic Reference Point theory, Product life cycl

A Judicial Precedent-Based Approach to Scope of Judicial Review of Internal Arbitration Award in Terms of Constitutive Laws

Article 489 of the Iranian Civil Procedure (ICP) provides that an arbitration award in conflict with constitutive laws will be null and void and unenforceable; however, neither the ICP nor any other act established the concept and the instances of such laws and the scope of judicial review or supervision over their enforcement. Under these circumstances, the best approach to identify constitutive laws is through a case-by-case approach. A justice should examine what law has been violated by an arbitrator and whether or not this law, based on the governing situations, directly or indirectly results in limiting or extinguishing a right. A court’s review of this matter may take place upon service or enforcement of or appeal to an arbitration award. The review is only a brief one over the first two stages but takes a more complete form over the third stage. However, even in this third stage, the court may not intervene into questions of fact addressed by the arbitrator, except for special cases

The cell cycle arrest and the anti-invasive effects of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates are not mediated by DBF4 in breast cancer cells.

Recent work has shown that a DBF4 analog in yeast may be a target of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates. DBF4 is an essential protein kinase required for DNA replication from primary eukaryotes to humans and appears to play a critical role in the S-phase checkpoint. It is also required for cell migration and cell surface adhesion. The effects of Pamidronate, risedronate, or zoledronate on cell viability and DBF4 expression were measured via MTT assays and western blotting. In addition, FACS cell cycle analyses and invasion assays were conducted in cells in the presence of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates to identify any correlations between DBF4 expression and S-phase arrest or anti-invasive effects of the bisphosphonates. Zoledronate transiently down-regulated DBF4 expression in all three cell lines in the first 24 h of the experiment, but after 72 h, DBF4 expression returned to the control levels in all treated cells. Following treatment of the tumor cells with the bisphosphonates, the number of cells in S-phase was increased. Pamidronate and zoledronate showed anti-invasive effects in BT20 cells. The anti-invasive effects of pamidronate, risedronate and zoledronate appeared after 48 h of exposure. In MDA-MB231 cells a reduction of invasiveness was only observed after 72 h of the pamidronate exposure. We finally concluded that the anti-invasive and cell cycle arrest-inducing effects of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates are not DBF4 mediated, and other mediators are therefore needed to explain the observed complex behaviors

The ability of mouse nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells to differentiate into primordial germ cells

Nuclear transfer embryonic stem cells (ntESCs) show stem cell characteristics such as pluripotency but cause no immunological disorders. Although ntESCs are able to differentiate into somatic cells, the ability of ntESCs to differentiate into primordial germ cells (PGCs) has not been examined. In this work, we examined the capacity of mouse ntESCs to differentiate into PGCs in vitro. ntESCs aggregated to form embryoid bodies (EB) in EB culture medium supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4) as the differentiation factor. The expression level of specific PGC genes was compared at days 4 and 8 using real time PCR. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemical staining were used to detect Mvh as a specific PGC marker. ntESCs expressed particular genes related to different stages of PGC development. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemical staining confirmed the presence of Mvh protein in a small number of cells. There were significant differences between cells that differentiated into PGCs in the group treated with Bmp4 compared to non-treated cells. These findings indicate that ntESCs can differentiate into putative PGCs. Improvement of ntESC differentiation into PGCs may be a reliable means of producing mature germ cells

Fracture analysis of concrete gravity dam under earthquake induced loads

In this paper, seismic fracture behavior of the concrete gravity dam using finite element (2D) theory has been studied. Bazant model which is non-linear fracture mechanics criteria as a measure of growth and smeared crack was chosen to develop profiles of the crack. Behavior of stress - strain curves of concrete as a simplified two-line, dam and reservoir system using the formulation of the Euler - Lagrange was chosen. According to the above models, Koyna concrete gravity dam were investigated by the 1967 earthquake record. The results provide profiles of growth and expansion first with the effects of reservoir and second without it. Comparison of the obtained results shows good agreement with the works of the other researchers