Adult roles and the gender gap in political knowledge: a comparative study

The unusual size and persistence of the gender gap in political knowledge is perplexing in comparison to other dimensions of politics. Building on situational explanations of political engagement, this article claims that women's and men's specific adult roles lead to an enlargement of the gender gap in knowledge. The present study analyses men and women's levels of political knowledge at different life stages by means of two unique datasets specifically collected to measure what people know about politics. Findings show that adult roles provide more opportunities for men to gain political knowledge than for women. Furthermore, the comparison of levels of political knowledge in two such dissimilar countries as Finland and Spain suggests that while gender equality policies are successful in tearing down some of the obstacles that hinder women's contact with the political world, they are still insufficient to completely bridge the gender gap in political knowledge during adulthood

Is it Simply Gender? Content, Format, and Time in Political Knowledge Measures

We acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(grant numbers CSO2012-32009 and CSO2016-75090-R] and of the Centro de InvestigacionesSociologicas (CIS

Seguridad y Convivencia en Multifamiliares: una mirada al encerramiento residencial

REVISTA SOCIEDAD Y ECONOMIA # 19Seguridad, Convivencia en Multifamiliares, encerramiento residencial

Prospecciones arqueológicas en las localidades de Los Chañares y El Paso : (Valle de Yocavil, Tucumán)

Se presentan los resultados de prospecciones arqueológicas realizadas en Los Chañares y El Paso (Valle de Yocavil), localidades con escasos antecedentes arqueológicos. Se analizó la distribución temporal y espacial de los sitios agroalfareros prehispánicos encontrados. Metodológicamente se efectuó un mapa morfogenético sobre fotografías aéreas (escala 1:50000) y se prospectó cada geoforma con recolección de material superficial y registro de la arquitectura visible. El análisis macroscópico del material cerámico y la arquitectura asociada proporcionó datos de cronología relativa. Los resultados señalan la presencia humana durante los períodos Formativo (100-900 DC), Tardío (900-1480 DC) e Inca (1480-1535 DC). Las ocupaciones formativas estuvieron acotadas al ápice del piedemonte y al fondo de valle, mientras que los asentamientos de fines del período Tardío e Inca se distribuyeron de forma más extensa desde la ladera al fondo del Valle, diferencias que podrían relacionarse con variaciones conocidas de las condiciones paleoclimáticas de humedad.The results of archaeological surveys made at Los Chañares and El Paso (Yocavil ValleyTucumán) are presented. These localities are archaeologically almost unknown. The analysis of temporal and spatial distribution of Prehispanic agricultural settlements was made. We started making the morphogenetic map over aerial photographs scale 1:50,000. After, each landform was survey collecting superficial potsherds and recording architectural superficial features. Relative chronological data were obtained by macroscopic analysis of ceramic material and associated architecture. According to ceramic styles and types, and architectural features human presence belong to Formative, Regional Developments, and Inca Periods. Spatial distribution reflects an extensive occupation of alluvial fans during Formative Period and concentrated settlements in the upper sectors of the piedmont during Regional Developments Period with high water availability. This could be related with environmental changes through dried conditions prevailing during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly.Fil: Maldonado, Mario Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de TucumánFil: Neder, Liliana del Valle. Universidad Nacional de TucumánFil: Sanpietro Vattuone, María Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica

Procesos de formación de sitios en el sector meridional de las selvas occidentales : (sitio STucYeb 2 “Horco Molle", Yerba Buena, Tucumán, Argentina)

El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar los procesos de formación del sitio STucYeb 2 “Horco Molle" (Depto Yerba Buena - Tucumán) desde una perspectiva geoarqueológica, en un sector correspondiente a un abanico aluvial. La metodología articuló fotointerpretación geomorfológica, excavaciones arqueológicas, descripción y muestreo de perfiles pedológicos, análisis de artefactos y de muestras de suelo. Se estableció que el sector estudiado presenta contextos secundarios originados en procesos de arrastre hídrico pasados y actuales, influidos por las características morfodinámicas específicas de los sectores apical, medio y distal de la geoforma, no obstante se hallaron contextos preservados. También se determinaron procesos culturales de depositación, disturbación y reuso. Las conclusiones tienen implicancias para la detección, excavación, análisis e inferencias arqueológicas en el ámbito de Selvas Occidentales.The objective of this paper is to study site formation processes of the archaeological site STucYeb 2 “Horco Molle" (Depto Yerba Buena – Tucumán) from a geoarchaeological perspective. We made geomorphological photointerpretation together with archaeological excavations, soil profile description and sampling, and the analysis of artifacts and soil samples. It was possible to identify secondary contexts over the study area originated into past and present hydrological processes influenced by speciphic morphodynamic characteristics of apical, medial and distal parts of the landform. Nevertheless it was possible to find preserved contexts. It was also possible to determine depositional cultural processes, disturbance and reuse. Our conclusions have importance to the archaeological detection, excavation, analysis and inference in the area of Selvas Occidentales.Fil: Maldonado, Mario Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de TucumánFil: del Valle Neder, Liliana. Universidad Nacional de TucumánFil: Roldán, Jimena. Universidad Nacional de TucumánFil: Sampietro Vattuone, María Marta. Universidad Nacional de Tucumá

Effect of the CB1 cannabinoid agonist WIN 55212-2 on the acquisition and reinstatement of MDMA-induced conditioned place preference in mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Numerous reports indicate that MDMA users consume other psychoactive drugs, among which cannabis is one of the most common. The aim of the present study was to evaluate, using the conditioned place preference, the effect of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 on the rewarding effects of MDMA in mice.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In the first experiment adolescent mice were initially conditioned with 1.25, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg of MDMA or 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg of WIN and subsequently with both drugs. Reinstatement of the extinguished preference by priming doses was performed in the groups that showed CPP. In the second experiment, animals were conditioned with 2.5 or 5 mg/kg of MDMA and, after extinction, reinstatement of the preference was induced by 0.5 or 0.1 mg/kg of WIN.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A low dose of WIN 55212-2 (0.1 mg/kg) increased the rewarding effects of low doses of MDMA (1.25 mg/kg), although a decrease in the preference induced by MDMA (5 and 2.5 mg/kg) was observed when the dose of WIN 55212-2 was raised (0.5 mg/kg). The CB1 antagonist SR 141716 also increased the rewarding effects of the lowest MDMA dose and did not block the effects of WIN. Animals treated with the highest WIN dose plus a non-neurotoxic dose of MDMA exhibited decreases of striatal DA and serotonin in the cortex. On the other hand, WIN 55212-2-induced CPP was reinstated by priming injections of MDMA, although WIN did not reinstate the MDMA-induced CPP.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results confirm that the cannabinoid system plays a role in the rewarding effects of MDMA and highlights the risks that sporadic drug use can pose in terms of relapse to dependence. Finally, the potential neuroprotective action of cannabinoids is not supported by our data; on the contrary, they are evidence of the potential neurotoxic effect of said drugs when administered with MDMA.</p

Compost de orujo de pera y manzana como alternativa en la producción de plantines de tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Fil: Maldonado, Jorge Federico. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Agüero, Marta Susana. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Buglione, María Belén. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Iturmendi, Facundo. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Filippi, Marcela Viviana. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Martínez, Daniel Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Río Negro, Argentina.Originales: Recepción: 12/04/2020 - Aceptación: 24/11/2020Alternative substrates replacing non-renewable resources like pet, for growing media in horticulture, have gained importance. This work aimed to evaluate if pear and apple pomace compost could constitute an alternative to a commercial substrate for tomato seedlings production. Two experiments were carried out on trays with 100 cm 3 alveoli (experiment 1) and 30 cm 3 alveoli (experiment 2). In experiment 1, three substrates were used: commercial substrate (CS), mixture of CS and pomace compost (CS+C) and pure compost (C). In experiment 2 a fourth treatment with a mixture of compost and perlite (C+P) was incorporated. The obtained results indicated that seedling devlopment using CS+C and CS as substrates, was similar in cells of 100 cm3 and higher in cells of 30 cm3 . In addition, seedling growth on C+P in relation to CS, showed similar or higher values for some variables. These results indicate that replacing non-renewable resources such as peat in tomato seedling production, with a product obtained from a residue, would be feasible.La búsqueda de sustratos alternativos para reemplazar los recursos no renovables como la turba utilizada en medios de cultivo en horticultura, resulta importante. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar si el compost de orujo de pera y manzana podría usarse como una alternativa a un sustrato comercial para la producción de plantines de tomate. Se realizaron dos experimentos en bandejas con alvéolos de 100 cm3 (experimento 1) y 30 cm 3 (experimento 2). En el experimento 1, se usaron tres sustratos: sustrato comercial (CS), mezcla de CS y compost de orujo (CS + C) y compost puro (C). En el experimento 2 se incorporó un cuarto tratamiento con una mezcla de compost y perlita (C + P). Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que el desarrollo de los plantines usando CS + C y CS como sustrato fue similar celdas de 100 cm3 y mayor en celdas de 30 cm 3 . Además, el crecimiento de los plantines en C + P en relación con CS mostró valores similares o más altos en algunas variables. Estos resultados indicaron que sería factible reemplazar el uso de recursos no renovables como la turba en la producción de plantines de tomate por un producto obtenido de un residuo

Bioconversion of pear pomace by strains of Pleurotus ostreatus during mycelial development

Fil: Buglione, María Belén. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Agüero, Marta Susana. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Martínez, Daniel Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Filippi, Marcela Viviana. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Maldonado, Jorge Federico. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Escuela de Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Río Negro. Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Rodríguez, Gustavo Enrique. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Laboratorio de Hongos Comestibles y Medicinales. Argentina.The cultivation of edible fungi is an ecological bioconversion system since it allows us to take advantage of lignocellulosic waste. In this way, the pear processing industries generate waste that is called pomace. Nevertheless, these kinds of residues could be considered the basement of substrate for these mushrooms' growth. Hence, the focus of this study was to analyse the modify of the content of different chemical components in pear pomace. While the mycelial growth of Pl-P and Pl-J take place. These are two kinds of strains of P.ostreatus. Thus, the inoculated substrate was incubated in Petri dishes at 28°C in the dark for 8 weeks. A decrease in dry matter was observed, obtaining a 30% average bioconversion for the analysed strains. The chemical characterisation of the biodegraded pomace showed a significant decrease in all tested variables. The net content of non-structural carbohydrates had the greatest decrease (approximately 60%) in the analysed period. The content of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, hemicellulose, and lignin was reduced to a lesser extent. The development of emerging end-of-pipe technologies and applications aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment due to the accumulation of waste generated by industrial activities should be considered.El cultivo de hongos comestibles es un sistema de bioconversión ecológica ya que nos permite aprovechar los residuos lignocelulósicos. De esta manera, las industrias procesadoras de peras generan un desecho que se denomina orujo. Sin embargo, este tipo de residuos podrían ser considerados la base del sustrato para el crecimiento de estos hongos. Por lo tanto, el enfoque de este estudio fue analizar la modificación del contenido de diferentes componentes químicos en el orujo de pera durante el crecimiento micelial de Pl-P y Pl-J. Estos son dos tipos de cepas de P. ostreatus. El sustrato inoculado se incubó en cajas Petri a 28°C en la oscuridad durante 8 semanas. Se observó una disminución de la materia seca, obteniendo una bioconversión promedio del 30% para las cepas analizadas. La caracterización química del orujo biodegradado mostró una disminución significativa en todas las variables ensayadas. El contenido neto de carbohidratos no estructurales presentó la mayor disminución (aproximadamente 60%) en el período analizado. En menor medida se redujo el contenido de materia seca, materia orgánica, proteína bruta, hemicelulosa y lignina. Se debe considerar el desarrollo de tecnologías emergentes de final de ciclo y aplicaciones destinadas a reducir el impacto negativo sobre el medio ambiente debido a la acumulación de residuos generados por las actividades industriales

Influence of Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Physical Activity on Bone Health in Celiac Children on a Gluten-Free Diet

We aimed to assess the influence of the Mediterranean Diet adherence and physical activity (PA) on body composition, with a particular focus on bone health, in young patients with celiac disease (CD). The CD group (n = 59) included children with CD with a long (>18 months, n = 41) or recent (<18 months, n = 18) adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The non-celiac group (n = 40) included non-celiac children. After adjusting for potential confounders, the CD group showed lower body weight (p = 0.034), lean mass (p = 0.003), bone mineral content (p = 0.006), and bone Z-score (p = 0.036) than non-celiac children, even when the model was further adjusted for adherence to a GFD for at least 18 months. Among CD children, spending greater time in vigorous physical activity was associated with higher lean mass (p = 0.020) and bone mineral density with evidence of statistical significance (p = 0.078) regardless of the time they followed a GFD. In addition, a greater Mediterranean Diet adherence was associated with a higher bone Z-score (p = 0.020). Moreover, lean mass was strongly associated with bone mineral density and independently explained 12% of its variability (p < 0.001). These findings suggest the importance of correctly monitoring lifestyle in children with CD regarding dietary habits and PA levels to improve lean mass and, consequently, bone quality in this population.Regional Government of Andalusia, Excellence Research Project No P12-AGR-2581Project from the University of Granada Ref. PP2017-PIP14Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports (Grant number FPU17/03715

Time and space: the “Talapazo” site (Yocavil Valley, Tucuman province)

El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar la ubicación del sitio arqueológico Talapazo (valle de Yocavil) en su espacio geomorfológico y su cronología relativa y establecer comparaciones con otros sitios vecinos. Para ello se efectuó la fotointepretación morfogenética (escala 1:50000), se identificaron posibles sitios arqueológicos, se realizaron recolecciones de superficie y excavaciones y análisis macroscópico del material cerámico. Se concluye que las instalaciones formativas (500 AC-1000 DC) están dispersas en la ladera, valle fluvial secundario, abanico fluvio-aluvial y terrazas del valle fluvial del río Santa María, mientras que las del periodo de Desarrollos Regionales (1000-1480 DC) e Inca (1480-1535 DC) están en el sector apical del abanico, superpuestas a las formativas. Sitios arqueológicos vecinos y del tercio central de la Sierra de Quilmes presentan distribución similar, lo que puede relacionarse con cambios en las condiciones de humedad durante los períodos aludidos.The objective of this paper is to characterize the localization of the archaeological site Talapazo (Yocavil Valley) on its geomorphological space and relative chronology, and to compare it with other close sites. We made the morphogenetic photointerpretation (scale 1:50.000), identifying possible archaeological sites, superficial potsherds were recollected together with archaeological digs and macroscopic ceramic analysis. It was possible to conclude that Formative settlements (500 BC-1000 AC) were dispersed on slopes, secondary fluvial valleys, fluvio-alluvial fans and terraces of Santa María River, while Regional Developments (1000-1500 AC) and Inca settlements are disposed on the apical area of fluvio-alluvial fans, overlying formative structures. Neighbor archaeological sites, and from the central third of the Sierra de Quilmes, present similar distribution. This could be related with changes on humidity conditions during those archaeological periods.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse