OBRASCI PONAŠANJA INVESTITORA I STABILNOST FINANCIJSKOG SUSTAVA : Diplomski rad

Bihevioralne financije relativno su novo područje u ekonomskoj teoriji, a počeci naglašavanja njihovih važnosti vežu se za sredinu dvadesetog stoljeća. Obzirom na činjenicu da tradicionalne ekonomske teorije ne uspijevaju objasniti sve veći broj anomalija koje se u ekonomiji događaju, potrebno je pružiti alternativu u shvaćanju funkcioniranja ekonomije. Ono što tradicionalne teorije ne uključuju, a bihevioralna teorija uvodi jest važnost ljudskih, odnosno psiholoških faktora koji neminovno utječu na događaje u ekonomiji. Ovaj rad govori o tome kako je došlo do razvoja bihevioralnih financija, posebno objašnjava teorije na kojima se ovo novo polje ekonomske znanosti razvilo. Osim toga, objašnjavaju se ekonomski pojmovi koji su bitni za razumijevanje ekonomskih tržišta i njegovog samog funkcioniranja. U zadnjem poglavlju ovog rada govori se o pojmu i efektima bihevioralnih financija, a navode se i kritike na ovu teoriju. Kroz cijeli rad se naglašava važnost ove teorije, odnosno važnost prihvaćanja činjenice da ekonomski sudionici na tržištu nisu isključivo racionalne osobe koje se u svojim odlukama vode isključivo pomnim analizama svih dostupnih informacija. Bihevioralne financije su teorija s velikim potencijalom i zasigurno će se nastaviti razvijati i time značajno doprinijeti ekonomskoj znanosti.This paper analyses the development and definition of the new field in economic theory and science – behavioural finance. It explains already existing theories which served as a foundation for developing this new field. Those traditional economic theories consider a rational investor who makes all of his decisions upon extensive analysis of all of the available data. Behavioural finance introduces to economic science a more realistic investor who is not rational at all times. That investor is influenced by his psychological traits and by his surroundings. He does not always make rational decisions and doesn’t consider all the data, partly because he doesn’t have access to all of the information and partly because he refuses to take some of the available ones into account. It is stressed out, more than once in this paper, that it is of great importance to accept the fact of irrational investor which would then allow us to better understand how economy really works and perhaps to prevent another big financial crisis

Colobronchial fistula following a partial resection of the colon

We report a case of colobronchial fistula as a late consequence of the resection of the colon due to relapse of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). A 54-year-old man experiencing pain in the left upper abdominal region underwent doublecontrast barium enema which revealed a fistulous channel between the splenic flexure of the colon and the bronchial tree. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy, after an extensive washout and aspiration of barium sulphate, confirmed the existence of a fistula in left lower subsegmental bronchi. The patient underwent left lower lobectomy, resection of the colobronchial fistula and resection of the splenic flexure of the colon. A year after the operation, the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) showed neither signs of malignant abdominal disease, nor signs of pathological changes in the lung bases

Colobronchial fistula following a partial resection of the colon

We report a case of colobronchial fistula as a late consequence of the resection of the colon due to relapse of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). A 54-year-old man experiencing pain in the left upper abdominal region underwent doublecontrast barium enema which revealed a fistulous channel between the splenic flexure of the colon and the bronchial tree. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy, after an extensive washout and aspiration of barium sulphate, confirmed the existence of a fistula in left lower subsegmental bronchi. The patient underwent left lower lobectomy, resection of the colobronchial fistula and resection of the splenic flexure of the colon. A year after the operation, the multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) showed neither signs of malignant abdominal disease, nor signs of pathological changes in the lung bases

MANAGEMENT OF ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMA: THE POSITION STATEMENT OF THE CROATIAN REFERRAL CENTER FOR ADRENAL GLAND DISORDERS

Incidentalomi nadbubrežne žlijezde jesu tumori otkriveni tijekom dijagnostičke evaluacije nekoga drugog kliničkog stanja. Tehnološki napredak radioloških uređaja i njihova sve veća upotreba u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj praksi doveli su do češćeg otkrivanja ovih tumora čineći njihovu dijagnostiku i liječenje jednim od najvažnijih izazova moderne endokrinologije. Radi racionalnog pristupa ovim bolesnicima radna skupina koju su činili vodeći hrvatski stručnjaci iz područja bolesti nadbubrežne žlijezde, na temelju relevantne znanstvene literature i postojećih smjernica europskih i svjetskih društava, donijela je preporuke za dijagnostiku i liječenje incidentaloma nadbubrežne žlijezde.Adrenal incidentalomas are tumours of adrenal glands discovered during diagnostic workup for other clinical condition unrelated to adrenal glands. Improvement in imaging techniques and their widespread use in everyday practice have increased detection of adrenal incidentalomas making their management one of the most important challenges of modern endocrinology. Based on the relevant medical literature and guidelines of other international societies a panel of Croatian leading experts in adrenal gland disorders provide practical recommendations for the diagnostics and treatment of adrenal incidentaloma

Planning of Cultural Projects

U Republici Hrvatskoj se značajan broj kulturnih institucija financira iz državnog proračuna. Uslijed ekonomske krize proračunska sredstva namijenjena kulturi su se u određenom razdoblju smanjivala pri čemu su se kulturne institucije morale u većoj mjeri usmjeravati alternativnim izvorima financiranja, između ostalih i projektnom financiranju, koje im je omogućavalo da provedu svoje planirane programe i projekte. Planiranje, kao jedna od najvažnijih funkcija menadžmenta, je od iznimnog značenja i u pripremi i provedbi projekata budući da unaprijed određuje sve aktivnosti projektnog tima kako u opsegu tako i u angažiranim resursima i vremenskom rasporedu. Iz navedenog proizlazi da je kvalitetno planiranje ključna determinanta poslovnog uspjeha. Modeli projekata u kulturi dijele se na osnovne i složene oblike, a svaki od tih oblika ostvaruje se prvenstveno radi utjecaja na društvenu zajednicu ali i radi ostvarenja pozitivnog rezultata poslovanja kulturne institucije. Kontinuirano stjecanje te proširivanje znanja i iskustava iz područja planiranja i provedbe projekata ključno je u procesu razvoja projektnih aktivnosti kulturnih institucija i provedbe kvalitetnih i ekonomski opravdanih projekata. Uslijed navedenog ovim su radom prezentirane specifičnosti projektnog planiranja i specifičnosti provedbe projekata u kulturi.In Croatia, a significant number of cultural institutions is financed by the state budget. Due to the economic crisis, during a certain period of time, the budget funds for the culture were decreasing therefore the cultural institutions had to, in a greater extent, turn to alternative sources of financing, among others to project financing, through which they could finance and implement their projects and programs. Planning, as one of the most important functions of management, is of great importance in the preparation and implementation of projects since it predetermines all activities of the project team in its extent as well as engaged resources and time schedule. The above shows that good planning is the determinant of business success. Models of cultural projects are divided into basic and complex shapes, and each of these forms is realized primarily because of its benefits for the community, but also for the achievement of a positive financial result of the cultural institution. Permanent learning and expansion of knowledge as well as gaining experience in the domain of planning and implementation of projects are crucial for the development of project activities of cultural institutions and for the implementation of quality and economically justifiable projects. Resulting, this paper presents the specifics of project planning and implementation of projects in culture

Planning of Cultural Projects

U Republici Hrvatskoj se značajan broj kulturnih institucija financira iz državnog proračuna. Uslijed ekonomske krize proračunska sredstva namijenjena kulturi su se u određenom razdoblju smanjivala pri čemu su se kulturne institucije morale u većoj mjeri usmjeravati alternativnim izvorima financiranja, između ostalih i projektnom financiranju, koje im je omogućavalo da provedu svoje planirane programe i projekte. Planiranje, kao jedna od najvažnijih funkcija menadžmenta, je od iznimnog značenja i u pripremi i provedbi projekata budući da unaprijed određuje sve aktivnosti projektnog tima kako u opsegu tako i u angažiranim resursima i vremenskom rasporedu. Iz navedenog proizlazi da je kvalitetno planiranje ključna determinanta poslovnog uspjeha. Modeli projekata u kulturi dijele se na osnovne i složene oblike, a svaki od tih oblika ostvaruje se prvenstveno radi utjecaja na društvenu zajednicu ali i radi ostvarenja pozitivnog rezultata poslovanja kulturne institucije. Kontinuirano stjecanje te proširivanje znanja i iskustava iz područja planiranja i provedbe projekata ključno je u procesu razvoja projektnih aktivnosti kulturnih institucija i provedbe kvalitetnih i ekonomski opravdanih projekata. Uslijed navedenog ovim su radom prezentirane specifičnosti projektnog planiranja i specifičnosti provedbe projekata u kulturi.In Croatia, a significant number of cultural institutions is financed by the state budget. Due to the economic crisis, during a certain period of time, the budget funds for the culture were decreasing therefore the cultural institutions had to, in a greater extent, turn to alternative sources of financing, among others to project financing, through which they could finance and implement their projects and programs. Planning, as one of the most important functions of management, is of great importance in the preparation and implementation of projects since it predetermines all activities of the project team in its extent as well as engaged resources and time schedule. The above shows that good planning is the determinant of business success. Models of cultural projects are divided into basic and complex shapes, and each of these forms is realized primarily because of its benefits for the community, but also for the achievement of a positive financial result of the cultural institution. Permanent learning and expansion of knowledge as well as gaining experience in the domain of planning and implementation of projects are crucial for the development of project activities of cultural institutions and for the implementation of quality and economically justifiable projects. Resulting, this paper presents the specifics of project planning and implementation of projects in culture

Network Marketing in Croatia

Mrežni marketing je oblik poslovanja koji postoji već sedamdesetak godina i rasprostranjen je u više od stotinu zemalja. Ovakav način poslovanja temelji se na direktnoj prodaji, no uz brojne pogodnosti. Za razliku od piramidalnog sustava s kojim se mrežni marketing često povezuje, ovdje je naglasak na prodaji proizvoda a ne na plaćanju članarine. Mrežni marketing temelji se na građenju mreže. Cilj poslovanja je stvoriti stabilan i uspješan tim koji će kontinuirano pronalaziti nove kupce ali i partnere koji će zajedno s njima širiti mrežu. Za stvoriti uspješnu mrežu potrebno je odabrati kvalitetnu kompaniju s kvalitetnim mentorima koji će distributeru uvijek biti od pomoći. Jedna od bitnijih stvari u ovom poslu je stvoriti i održavati uspješan imidž. U Hrvatskoj postoje brojne MLM tvrtke no u našem društvu i dalje postoje brojne predrasude kao i neznanje vezano za ovakav oblik poslovanja.Network marketing is a form of business that has existed for seventy years and is spread over more than a hundred countries. This mode of business is based on direct sales, but with numerous benefits. Unlike the pyramidal system with which network marketing is often linked, the emphasis is on product sales and not on payment of membership fees. Network marketing is based on networking. The goal of the business is to create a stable and successful team that will continually find new customers as well as partners that will expand the network. To create a successful network, it is necessary to choose a quality company with quality mentors that will always be of help to the distributor. One of the most important things in this business is to create and maintain a successful image. There are numerous MLM companies in Croatia but there are still many prejudices in our society as well as ignorance regarding this kind of business

Network Marketing in Croatia

Mrežni marketing je oblik poslovanja koji postoji već sedamdesetak godina i rasprostranjen je u više od stotinu zemalja. Ovakav način poslovanja temelji se na direktnoj prodaji, no uz brojne pogodnosti. Za razliku od piramidalnog sustava s kojim se mrežni marketing često povezuje, ovdje je naglasak na prodaji proizvoda a ne na plaćanju članarine. Mrežni marketing temelji se na građenju mreže. Cilj poslovanja je stvoriti stabilan i uspješan tim koji će kontinuirano pronalaziti nove kupce ali i partnere koji će zajedno s njima širiti mrežu. Za stvoriti uspješnu mrežu potrebno je odabrati kvalitetnu kompaniju s kvalitetnim mentorima koji će distributeru uvijek biti od pomoći. Jedna od bitnijih stvari u ovom poslu je stvoriti i održavati uspješan imidž. U Hrvatskoj postoje brojne MLM tvrtke no u našem društvu i dalje postoje brojne predrasude kao i neznanje vezano za ovakav oblik poslovanja.Network marketing is a form of business that has existed for seventy years and is spread over more than a hundred countries. This mode of business is based on direct sales, but with numerous benefits. Unlike the pyramidal system with which network marketing is often linked, the emphasis is on product sales and not on payment of membership fees. Network marketing is based on networking. The goal of the business is to create a stable and successful team that will continually find new customers as well as partners that will expand the network. To create a successful network, it is necessary to choose a quality company with quality mentors that will always be of help to the distributor. One of the most important things in this business is to create and maintain a successful image. There are numerous MLM companies in Croatia but there are still many prejudices in our society as well as ignorance regarding this kind of business

Network Marketing in Croatia

Mrežni marketing je oblik poslovanja koji postoji već sedamdesetak godina i rasprostranjen je u više od stotinu zemalja. Ovakav način poslovanja temelji se na direktnoj prodaji, no uz brojne pogodnosti. Za razliku od piramidalnog sustava s kojim se mrežni marketing često povezuje, ovdje je naglasak na prodaji proizvoda a ne na plaćanju članarine. Mrežni marketing temelji se na građenju mreže. Cilj poslovanja je stvoriti stabilan i uspješan tim koji će kontinuirano pronalaziti nove kupce ali i partnere koji će zajedno s njima širiti mrežu. Za stvoriti uspješnu mrežu potrebno je odabrati kvalitetnu kompaniju s kvalitetnim mentorima koji će distributeru uvijek biti od pomoći. Jedna od bitnijih stvari u ovom poslu je stvoriti i održavati uspješan imidž. U Hrvatskoj postoje brojne MLM tvrtke no u našem društvu i dalje postoje brojne predrasude kao i neznanje vezano za ovakav oblik poslovanja.Network marketing is a form of business that has existed for seventy years and is spread over more than a hundred countries. This mode of business is based on direct sales, but with numerous benefits. Unlike the pyramidal system with which network marketing is often linked, the emphasis is on product sales and not on payment of membership fees. Network marketing is based on networking. The goal of the business is to create a stable and successful team that will continually find new customers as well as partners that will expand the network. To create a successful network, it is necessary to choose a quality company with quality mentors that will always be of help to the distributor. One of the most important things in this business is to create and maintain a successful image. There are numerous MLM companies in Croatia but there are still many prejudices in our society as well as ignorance regarding this kind of business

State liability for damage caused by inadequate conditions in prisons

Tema je ovoga rada odgovornost države za štetu prouzročenu povredom prava na dostojanstvo zatvorenika zbog neodgovarajućih uvjeta u zatvorskim ustanovama. U prvom dijelu rada autorice navode standarde koji proizlaze iz nadnacionalnih i nacionalnih pravnih izvora tumačenjem kojih je bogata sudska praksa Europskog suda za ljudska prava (Europski sud, Sud) i Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske oblikovala minimalne standarde zaštite dostojanstva osoba lišenih slobode. Nepoštivanjem navedenih minimalnih standarda država djeluje protupravno i oštećenici (konvencijskim jezikom žrtve povrede) stječu pravo na naknadu štete prouzročene povredom prava na dostojanstvo. Autorice će na temelju odluka Europskog suda i Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske nastojati prikazati koja su se pitanja u pogledu naknade te štete do sada pokazala kao sporna. Ukratko će prikazati kriterije koje Sud primjenjuje pri odlučivanju o pravičnoj naknadi na temelju čl. 41. Konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda (Konvencija) i odluke toga suda u presudama protiv Republike Hrvatske. Nakon toga će navesti primjere odluka Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske u kojima je utvrđeno da je došlo do povrede prava na dostojanstvo zatvorenika te analizirati pitanja koja se javljaju nakon takvih odluka u pogledu odgovornosti za njima prouzročenu štetu. Budući da se, bez obzira na to je li povredu prava na dostojanstvo utvrdio Europski sud ili Ustavni sud, radi o istoj povredi i istoj šteti, autorice navode da odštetnopravna pozicija njegovom povredom pogođenih pojedinaca treba biti usporediva, odnosno visine iznosa naknada koje redovni hrvatski sudovi u tim slučajevima trebaju dosuditi moraju biti usporedivi s onima koje je Europski sud dosudio u presudama protiv Republike Hrvatske.The subject of this paper is the liability of the state for damages caused by the violation of the right to dignity of prisoners due to inadequate conditions in prisons. In the first part of the paper, the standards derived from supranational and national legal sources are presented, through the interpretation of which the extensive case law of the European Court of Human Rights (European Court, Court) and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia have shaped the minimum standards for the protection of the dignity of persons deprived of their liberty. In case of non-compliance with the above-mentioned minimum standards, the state acts unlawfully and the injured party (in the language of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Convention), the victim of the violation) acquires the right to compensation for the damage caused by the violation of the right to dignity. Based on the decisions of the European Court and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia, an attempt is made to show which issues of compensation and damages have been disputed so far. The criteria used by the European Court in deciding just compensation based on Article 41 of Convention will be briefly presented, as well as the decisions of this court in judgments against the Republic of Croatia. Examples of decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia finding a violation of the detainee’s right to dignity are then given, and the issues that arise after such decisions in terms of responsibility for the harm inflicted on them are analyzed. Since it is the same violation and damage, regardless of whether the violation of the right to dignity was established by the European Court or the Constitutional Court, the authors state that the legal position of the persons affected by the violation should be comparable, i.e. the amount of compensation that regular Croatian courts should award in these cases must be comparable to that awarded by the European Court in judgments against the Republic of Croatia