The Gaia-ESO Survey: Homogenisation of stellar parameters and elemental abundances

The Gaia-ESO Survey is a public spectroscopic survey that targeted ≳105 stars covering all major components of the Milky Way from the end of 2011 to 2018, delivering its final public release in May 2022. Unlike other spectroscopic surveys, Gaia-ESO is the only survey that observed stars across all spectral types with dedicated, specialised analyses: from O (Teff ~ 30 000–52 000 K) all the way to K-M (≳3500 K). The physics throughout these stellar regimes varies significantly, which has previously prohibited any detailed comparisons between stars of significantly different types. In the final data release (internal data release 6) of the Gaia-ESO Survey, we provide the final database containing a large number of products, such as radial velocities, stellar parameters and elemental abundances, rotational velocity, and also, for example, activity and accretion indicators in young stars and membership probability in star clusters for more than 114 000 stars. The spectral analysis is coordinated by a number of working groups (WGs) within the survey, each specialised in one or more of the various stellar samples. Common targets are analysed across WGs to allow for comparisons (and calibrations) amongst instrumental setups and spectral types. Here we describe the procedures employed to ensure all survey results are placed on a common scale in order to arrive at a single set of recommended results for use by all survey collaborators. We also present some general quality and consistency checks performed on the entirety of the survey results.This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant “Premiale VLT 2012”. L. Magrini and M. Van der Swaelmen acknowledge support by the WEAVE Italian consortium, and by the INAF Grant “Checs”. A.J. Korn acknowledges support by the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA). A. Lobel acknowledges support in part by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office under contract no. BR/143/A2/BRASS and by the European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (2014-2020) under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant Agreement No. 823734. D.K. Feuillet was partly supported by grant no. 2016-03412 from the Swedish Research Council. D. Montes acknowledges financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovation through project PID2019-109522GB-C54 /AEI/10.13039/501100011033. E. Marfil acknowledges financial support from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Gobierno de Canarias through project ProID2021010128. J.I. Gonzalez Hernandez acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) project PID2020-117493GB-I00. M. Bergemann is supported through the Lise Meitner grant from the Max Planck Society and acknowledges support by the Collaborative Research centre SFB 881 (projects A5, A10), Heidelberg University, of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union, Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant agreement No. 949173). P. Jofré acknowledges financial support of FONDECYT Regular 1200703 as well as Nucleo Mile-nio ERIS NCN2021_017. R. Smiljanic acknowledges support from the National Science Centre, Poland (2014/15/B/ST/03981). S.R. Berlanas acknowledges support by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (contract FJC 2020-045785-I) and NextGeneration EU/PRTR and MIU (UNI/551/2021) through grant Margarita Salas-ULL. T. Bensby acknowledges financial support by grant No. 2018-04857 from the Swedish Research Council. T. Merle is supported by a grant from the Foundation ULB. T. Morel are grateful to Belgian F.R.S.-FNRS for support, and are also indebted for an ESA/PRODEX Belspo contract related to the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium and for support through an ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the Federation Wallonie-Brussels. W. Santos acknowledges FAPERJ for a Ph.D. fellowship. H.M. Tabernero acknowledges financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigation of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovation through project PID2019-109522GB-C51/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Whole genome analysis of a schistosomiasis-transmitting freshwater snail

Biomphalaria snails are instrumental in transmission of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. With the World Health Organization's goal to eliminate schistosomiasis as a global health problem by 2025, there is now renewed emphasis on snail control. Here, we characterize the genome of Biomphalaria glabrata, a lophotrochozoan protostome, and provide timely and important information on snail biology. We describe aspects of phero-perception, stress responses, immune function and regulation of gene expression that support the persistence of B. glabrata in the field and may define this species as a suitable snail host for S. mansoni. We identify several potential targets for developing novel control measures aimed at reducing snail-mediated transmission of schistosomiasis

The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey: Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products

Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. Methods. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202 000 spectra of 115 000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. Conclusions. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products

The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey: Implementation, data products, open cluster survey, science, and legacy

Context. In the last 15 years different ground-based spectroscopic surveys have been started (and completed) with the general aim of delivering stellar parameters and elemental abundances for large samples of Galactic stars, complementing Gaia astrometry. Among those surveys, the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey, the only one performed on a 8m class telescope, was designed to target 100 000 stars using FLAMES on the ESO VLT (both Giraffe and UVES spectrographs), covering all the Milky Way populations, with a special focus on open star clusters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey implementation (observations, data quality, analysis and its success, data products, and releases), of the open cluster survey, of the science results and potential, and of the survey legacy. A companion article reviews the overall survey motivation, strategy, Giraffe pipeline data reduction, organisation, and workflow. Methods. We made use of the information recorded and archived in the observing blocks; during the observing runs; in a number of relevant documents; in the spectra and master catalogue of spectra; in the parameters delivered by the analysis nodes and the working groups; in the final catalogue; and in the science papers. Based on these sources, we critically analyse and discuss the output and products of the Survey, including science highlights. We also determined the average metallicities of the open clusters observed as science targets and of a sample of clusters whose spectra were retrieved from the ESO archive. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey has determined homogeneous good-quality radial velocities and stellar parameters for a large fraction of its more than 110 000 unique target stars. Elemental abundances were derived for up to 31 elements for targets observed with UVES. Lithium abundances are delivered for about 1/3 of the sample. The analysis and homogenisation strategies have proven to be successful; several science topics have been addressed by the Gaia-ESO consortium and the community, with many highlight results achieved. Conclusions. The final catalogue will be released through the ESO archive in the first half of 2022, including the complete set of advanced data products. In addition to these results, the Gaia-ESO Survey will leave a very important legacy, for several aspects and for many years to come

Comparação de dietas artificiais e tipos de milho, para criação de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

This work was carried out to compare the development of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879), for Trichogramma mass rearing production, with an artificial diet consisting of a hybrid commercial yellow maize and yeast, in relation to a diet containing white maize with very high lysine and tryptophan contents, added to yeast. The following parameters were evaluated: life cycle length, adult weights, fecundity, egg laying, adult malformations, and mortality at the different development stages. The laboratory conditions were temperature of 25±2°C, photophase of 14 hr and RH of 60 ± 10%. Based on these parameters, the diet consisting of commercial maize showed to be nutritionally suitable for A. kuehniella rearing and may replace the diet consisting of a very rich maize variety for mass rearing purposes.O objetivo da pesquisa foi comparar o desenvolvimento biológico de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879), visando à produção de Trichogramma, em dietas contendo milho amarelo (híbrido comercial AG-l 06) em relação à dieta com milho branco, ambas suplementadas com levedura de cerveja. O trabalho foi conduzido a 25±2°C, fotofase de 14 horas e UR de 60±10%. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros biológicos: duração e viabilidade do ciclo (ovo-adulto), peso médio de adultos, número médio de ovos, porcentagem de adultos deformados, número médio de ovos por dia e duração e viabilidade dos ovos. Levando-se em consideração os parâmetros estudados, pôde-se concluir que a dieta à base de farinha de milho amarelo acrescida de 3% de levedura pode ser utilizada em criações massais de A. kuehniella. por ser de valor nutricional semelhante à dieta de milho branco, e pelo fato de não afetar os parâmetros biológicos observados

The broad-range cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor UCN-01 induces apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells through transcriptional suppression of the Bcl-xL protein

The broad-range cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) is known to induce both a G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The mechanism of UCN-01-induced apoptosis is largely unknown. We analysed the mechanism of cytotoxicity of UCN-01 in four established colon carcinoma cell lines. The cell lines SW48 and LS513 responded to UCN-01 treatment by undergoing apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner while the cell lines HT-29 and WiDr were completely resistant. Apoptosis in LS513 and SW48 cell lines was concomitant with the suppression of Bcl-x(L) on mRNA and protein level. In contrast, in the apoptosis-resistant cell lines, Bcl-x(L) expression was not affected by UCN-01. Stable overexpression of the Bcl-x(L) protein abrogated UCN-01-triggered apoptosis, but only partially restored growth, indicating that both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis exert the anticancer effect in a coordinated manner. The inhibition of Akt phosphorylation did not correlate with the apoptotic phenotype. UCN-01 inhibited the activating STAT3 phosphorylations on Ser727 and, notably, on Tyr705, but STAT3 did not contribute to Bcl-x(L) expression in colon carcinoma cells. Moreover, we show for the first time that UCN-01 induces apoptosis by suppression of Bcl-x(L) expression. The inhibition of this pathway is a new aspect of cytotoxic and modulatory potential of UCN-01

Fator chave para Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) em cultura de soja, para o estado de São Paulo Key factor for Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in soybean fields in the state of São Paulo

Estudou-se a biologia e a flutuação de Anticarsia gemmatalis em campos de soja com o objetivo de construir tabelas de vida ecológica visando determinar o estágio e o fator chave. Os experimentos foram conduzidos durante os períodos agrícolas de 1992 a 1997. Em cada ano foram realizados dois estudos biológicos. Simultaneamente durante o ciclo da soja, nos seis anos estudados, foram realizadas amostragens para determinar a flutuação natural de ovos e de lagartas de A. gemmatalis. De posse desses dados foram construídas tabelas de vida ecológica, tendo-se observado que a taxa líquida de reprodução da espécie aumentou de 2,9 a 7,5 vezes em relação a população inicial, sendo que, para a tabela construída com a média dos dados, esse valor subiu para 15,5 vezes. O tempo médio de duração nas gerações variou de 33,5 a 40,2 dias, com média de 37,9 dias, acarretando uma sobrevivência, por geração entre 1,2 a 3,2%, porém, na média, esta subiu para 6,6%. O estágio chave da população não pôde ser determinado com precisão devido aos baixos valores de R2 obtidos mas, o fator chave, responsável pela mortalidade da população, foi a fertilidade real de fêmeas.<br>The biology and fluctuation of Anticarsia gemmatalis was studied in soybean fields to determine the key stage and factor. Experiments were conducted from 1992 through 1997. Two biological studies were performed each year. In each season, the natural occurrence of eggs and larvae were determined, which allowed the construction of ecological life tables. The net reproduction rate of the species was observed to increase 2.9-to 7.5-fold in relation to the initial population, but the increse was estimated as 15.5-fold for the life table constructed from the averages of annual values. Mean duration time for progenies varied from 33.5 to 40.2 days (mean of 37.9), leading to an average survival per generation between 1.2 and 3.2% (mean of 6.6). The key stage of the population was not determined due the observed low R2. The key factor accounting for population mortality was the fertility of females