243 research outputs found
Time-Fractional KdV Equation: Formulation and Solution using Variational Methods
In this work, the semi-inverse method has been used to derive the Lagrangian
of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. Then, the time operator of the
Lagrangian of the KdV equation has been transformed into fractional domain in
terms of the left-Riemann-Liouville fractional differential operator. The
variational of the functional of this Lagrangian leads neatly to Euler-Lagrange
equation. Via Agrawal's method, one can easily derive the time-fractional KdV
equation from this Euler-Lagrange equation. Remarkably, the time-fractional
term in the resulting KdV equation is obtained in Riesz fractional derivative
in a direct manner. As a second step, the derived time-fractional KdV equation
is solved using He's variational-iteration method. The calculations are carried
out using initial condition depends on the nonlinear and dispersion
coefficients of the KdV equation. We remark that more pronounced effects and
deeper insight into the formation and properties of the resulting solitary wave
by additionally considering the fractional order derivative beside the
nonlinearity and dispersion terms.Comment: The paper has been rewritten, 12 pages, 3 figure
Soccer and homosexuality: the conflicts that lie within the affective game of the coach-adolescent athlete relationship
Discussions regarding homosexuality within a sports context are mediated by emotional nuances, especially in the world of soccer, where practitioners are required to have attributes such as strength, masculinity and aggressiveness. As a consequence, this work aimed to analyze the symbolic representation of homosexual relationships between
adolescent soccer players and their coaches; and, furthermore, to understand the intention behind homoerotic relationships that are established between members of the management team and its players. In this study, researchers used the life history methodology, with participation from three adolescent athletes, ages 14, 15 and 16, and three former athletes, ages 26, 28 and 45, who we called speakers. Based on the collection and analysis of research participants’ testimonies, homosexual relations were found to have occurred between athletes and coaches, or between athletes and other members of the management team, as a part of a “social contract” that is exclusively linked to their professional objectives. These relationships appear to be purely objective; authentic affective links are absent, due apparently to the transient nature of the athletes in these groups. Too, this context is usually marked by the athlete’s physical and emotional vulnerability, and the agreements he makes within this context are accompanied with moral dilemmas, because such adolescents idealize the coach as a paternal archetype.“Futebol e homossexualidade: Os conflitos que se encontram dentro do jogo afetivo da relação treinador-atleta
adolescente.” As discussões a respeito da homossexualidade no contexto esportivo são mediadas por nuanças emocionais,
especialmente no mundo do futebol que exige de seus praticantes atributos de força, virilidade e agressividade. Por este
motivo este trabalho teve como objetivos diagnosticar existência de relações homossexuais entre atletas adolescentes da
modalidade de futebol e seus técnicos e sua representação simbólica e ainda, compreender a intencionalidade das relações
homoafetivas que se estabelecem entre componentes da equipe diretiva e os jogadores. Esta pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa
e a técnica adotada foi a “história de vida” e a participação de três atletas adolescentes em atividade, com idade de
14, 15 e 16 anos e três ex-atletas profissionais, com idades 26, 28 e 45 anos serviram de base metodológica. A partir da
análise e tratamento dos depoimentos verificou-se que ocorreram relações homossexuais nas categorias de base envolvendo
técnico e atleta, ou com outros membros da equipe diretiva, como parte dos contratos sociais, ligados exclusivamente a
objetivos profissionais. Estas relações parecem ser puramente objetais, não parecendo existir vínculos afetivos duradouros,
aparentemente, devido à natureza transitória de atletas nesses grupos. Também, nesses ambientes, muitas vezes marcados
pela vulnerabilidade física e emocional dos atletas, os acertos para as relações homossexuais são permeadas por dilemas
morais, tendo em vista que os atletas adolescentes idealizam o treinador como o arquétipo paterno ideal.“El fútbol y la homosexualidad: Los conflictos que se encuentran dentro del juego afectivo de la relación
atleta-entrenador de los adolescentes.” Las discusiones sobre la homosexualidad en contexto deportivo están mediadas por
matices emocionales, sobre todo en el mundo del fútbol que exige a sus jugadores atributos como la fuerza, la virilidad y los jugadores. En este estudio, los investigadores utilizaron la metodología de la historia de vida, con la participación de
tres atletas adolescentes, con 14, 15 y 16 años, y tres ex atletas con 26, 28 y 45 años, que llamamos ‘oradores’. Basado
en la recogida y análisis de testimonios de participantes en la investigación, se encontró que las relaciones homosexuales
que se han producido entre los atletas y entrenadores, o entre atletas y otros miembros del equipo de gestión, son como
parte de un “contrato social” que está vinculado exclusivamente a sus objetivos profesionales. Estas relaciones parecen
ser solamente como un objeto; porque a veces no hay vínculos afectivos auténticos, debido aparentemente a la naturaleza
transitoria de los atletas en estos grupos. Demasiado, este contexto es generalmente marcado por la vulnerabilidad física
y emocional del deportista, y los acuerdos que hace dentro de este contexto se acompañan con dilemas morales, debido
a que tales adolescentes idealizan el entrenador como un arquetipo paterno.
la agresividad. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo diagnosticar la existencia de relaciones homosexuales entre
adolescentes atletas de fútbol y sus entrenadores y la representación simbólica de estas relaciones. También comprender
la intencionalidad de las relaciones homoafetivas que se intercambian entre algunos componentes del equipo directivo y(undefined
Evidence for a mixed mass composition at the `ankle' in the cosmic-ray spectrum
We report a first measurement for ultra-high energy cosmic rays of the
correlation between the depth of shower maximum and the signal in the water
Cherenkov stations of air-showers registered simultaneously by the fluorescence
and the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such a correlation
measurement is a unique feature of a hybrid air-shower observatory with
sensitivity to both the electromagnetic and muonic components. It allows an
accurate determination of the spread of primary masses in the cosmic-ray flux.
Up till now, constraints on the spread of primary masses have been dominated by
systematic uncertainties. The present correlation measurement is not affected
by systematics in the measurement of the depth of shower maximum or the signal
in the water Cherenkov stations. The analysis relies on general characteristics
of air showers and is thus robust also with respect to uncertainties in
hadronic event generators. The observed correlation in the energy range around
the `ankle' at differs significantly from
expectations for pure primary cosmic-ray compositions. A light composition made
up of proton and helium only is equally inconsistent with observations. The
data are explained well by a mixed composition including nuclei with mass . Scenarios such as the proton dip model, with almost pure compositions, are
thus disfavoured as the sole explanation of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray
flux at Earth.Comment: Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report
Numbe
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