Formação Continuada de Professores em Tecnologia & Educação

Este trabalho faz reflexões sobre o uso pedagógico das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDIC) no processo de ensino e aprendizagem em escolas públicas municipais no Rio de Janeiro, além de apresentar o curso de Extensão “Tecnologia & Educação” de formação continuada de professores, oferecido pelo Laboratório de Informática para Educação, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (LIpE/UFRJ). O curso tem como objetivo principal problematizar as práticas pedagógicas dos docentes envolvidos através da apropriação e do uso crítico de tecnologia digitais na educação, através de metodologias participativas. Assim, analisa uma experiência realizada em 2017 com 13 professores de 5 escolas da Rede Municipal de Educação do Ensino Fundamental, localizadas na Ilha do Governador (parceria com a 11ª CRE- Coordenadoria Regional de Educação). O curso tem duração de um semestre, com 90 horas de carga horária, composta de encontros presenciais na UFRJ, estudo dirigido de textos, e atividades práticas em laboratórios de informática das respectivas escolas. Para isso também ajuda a reorganizar os laboratórios de informática dessas escolas públicas, em geral, desativados por falta de uso e de manutenção. Ao final do trabalho, é feita uma análise se houve realmente alguma mudança em relação à metodologia utilizada pelos professores em suas práticas didáticas, problematizadas ao longo do curso. Além de dois TAEs da UFRJ, o presente trabalho conta com a participação de uma professora vinculada a SME/RJ e de alunos de graduação da UFRJ

Escolas eficazes na educação de jovens e adultos: estudo de casos na rede municipal do Rio de Janeiro Schools successful in the education of juveniles and adults: case studies from the city of Rio de Janeiro

O artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que buscou identificar características de escolas que têm a capacidade de incidir positivamente no processo de alfabetização e na redução dos índices de evasão dos alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). Foram analisadas três escolas da rede municipal do Rio de Janeiro que integram o Programa de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (PEJA) e têm bons indicadores de aprendizagem, permanência e aprovação, à luz da literatura sobre a pesquisa em eficácia escolar. Os resultados mostram que as escolas eficazes na modalidade EJA tomam atitudes explícitas para promover a assiduidade dos alunos. Estas instituições são organizadas quanto à disciplina e orientação curricular, além de contar com equipes pedagógicas (diretores, coordenadores, orientadores e professores) integradas e focadas no ensino e na aprendizagem. E mantêm altas expectativas em relação ao desempenho e à trajetória escolar dos alunos.<br>The present work describes research carried out in order to identify a number of school characteristics having a positive influence on the literacy process as well as on reduction of school dropout rates from EJA (young people and adult education). Three municipal schools from Rio de Janeiro city, participating in PEJA (young people and adult education program), were investigated. According to the school effectiveness survey these institutions presented high levels of learning, improved grades and better attendance. The results show that the schools successfully following the EJA program, demonstrate unambiguously an attitude promoting students' diligence and also count on integrated pedagogical staff (directors, coordinators, counselors and teachers) with a special focus on learning and teaching. Not to mention the fact that they are organized on the basis of, both: behavioral standards and national curriculum. Furthermore, they maintain high expectations in relation to the students' performance as well as their predicted school paths

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London