1,427 research outputs found
Can a 3+2 Oscillation Model Explain the NuTeV Electroweak Results?
The weak mixing angle result from NuTeV falls three standard deviations above
the value determined by global electroweak fits. It has been suggested that one
possible explanation for this result could be the oscillation of electron
neutrinos in the NuTeV beam to sterile neutrinos. This article examines several
cases of masses and mixings for 3+2 neutrino oscillation models which fit the
current oscillation data at 99% CL. We conclude that electron to sterile
neutrino oscillations can account for only up to a third of a standard
deviation between the NuTeV determination of the weak mixing angle and the
standard model.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Brief Report
Seesaw Neutrino Mass and New U(1) Gauge Symmetry
The three electroweak doublet neutrinos of the Standard
Model may acquire small seesaw masses, using either three Majorana fermion
singlets or three Majorana fermion triplets .
It is well-known that the former accommodates the U(1) gauge symmetry . It
has also been shown some years ago that the latter supports a new
gauge symmetry. Here we study two variations of this , one for two
and one , the other for one and two . Phenomenological
consequences are discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, LaTex, 2 eps files,text adde
Modified Paschos-Wolfenstein relation and extraction of weak mixing angle sin^2 theta_W
The NuTeV collaboration reported anomalously large weak mixing angle sin^2
theta_W in comparison with the standard model prediction. Neutrino and
antineutrino charged- and neutral-current events are analyzed for extracting
sin^2 theta_W. Although the Paschos-Wolfenstein relation is not directly used
in the analysis, it plays an important role in the determination. Noting that
the target nucleus, iron, is not an isoscalar nucleus, we derive a
leading-order expression for a modified Paschos-Wolfenstein relation for
nuclei, which may have neutron excess. Then, using charge and baryon-number
conservations for nuclei, we discuss a nuclear correction in the sin^2 theta_W
determination. It is noteworthy that nuclear modifications are different
between valence up- and down-quark distributions. We show this difference
effect on the NuTeV sin^2 theta_W deviation.Comment: 5 pages, REVTeX4.0, revtex4.cls, url.sty, natbib.sty, revsymb.sty,
10pt.rtx, aps.rtx, amssymb.sty, amsfonts.sty, 3 eps figures. Phys. Rev. D in
press. Email: [email protected] See also http://hs.phys.saga-u.ac.j
Heavy Triplet Leptons and New Gauge Boson
A heavy triplet of leptons per family is
proposed as the possible anchor of a small seesaw neutrino mass. A new U(1)
gauge symmetry is then also possible, and the associated gauge boson may be
discovered at or below the TeV scale. We discuss the phenomenology of this
proposal, with and without possible constraints from the NuTeV and atomic
parity violation experiments, which appear to show small discrepancies from the
predictions of the standard model.Comment: 20 pages including 4 figure
The CDF dijet excess from intrinsic quarks
The CDF collaboration reported an excess in the production of two jets in
association with a . We discuss constraints on possible new particle state
interpretations of this excess. The fact of no statistically significant
deviation from the SM expectation for {+dijet} events in CDF data disfavors
the new particle explanation. We show that the nucleon intrinsic strange quarks
provide an important contribution to the boson production in association
with a single top quark production. Such {+t} single top quark production
can contribute to the CDF {+dijet} excess, thus the nucleon intrinsic quarks
can provide a possible explanation to the CDF excess in {+dijet} but not in
{+dijet} events.Comment: 4 latex pages, 1 figure. Version for journal publicatio
Interpretations of the NuTeV
We summarize theoretical explanations of the three discrepancy
between measured by NuTeV and predicted by the Standard Model
global fit. Possible new physics explanations ({\it e.g.} an unmized ) are
not compelling. The discrepancy would be reduced by a positive momentum
asymmetry in the strange sea; present experimental estimates of are
unreliable or incomplete. Upgrading the NuTeV analysis to NLO would alleviate
concerns that the discrepancy is a QCD effect.Comment: (proceedings for the NuFact'02 Workshop); reference and footnote
added, following the NuTeV proceeding
A one-year cost–utility analysis of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta versus resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic cross-clamping for non-compressible torso haemorrhage
Introduction
Major trauma is a leading cause of death and disability in young adults, especially from massive non- compressible torso haemorrhage. The standard technique to control distal haemorrhage and maximise central perfusion is resuscitative thoracotomy with aortic cross-clamping (RTACC). More recently, the minimally invasive technique of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) has been developed to similarly limit distal haemor- rhage without the morbidity of thoracotomy; cost–utility studies on this intervention, however, are still lacking. The aim of this study was to perform a one-year cost–utility analysis of REBOA as an intervention for patients with major traumatic non-compressible abdominal haemorrhage, compared to RTACC within the U.K.’s National Health Service.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of the outcomes following REBOA and RTACC was conducted based on the published literature of survival and complication rates after intervention. Utility was obtained from studies that used the EQ- 5D index and from self-conducted surveys. Costs were calculated using 2016/2017 National Health Service tariff data and supplemented from further literature. A cost–utility analysis was then conducted.
Results
A total of 12 studies for REBOA and 20 studies for RTACC were included. The mean injury severity scores for RTACC and REBOA were 34 and 39, and mean probability of death was 9.7 and 54%, respectively. The incremental cost- effectiveness ratio of REBOA when compared to RTACC was £44,617.44 per quality-adjusted life year. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, by exceeding the National Institute for Health and Clinical Effectiveness’s willingness-to-pay threshold of £30,000/quality-adjusted life year, suggests that this intervention is not cost-effective in comparison to RTACC. However, REBOA yielded a 157% improvement in utility with a comparatively small cost increase of 31.5%.
Conclusion
Although REBOA has not been found to be cost-effective when compared to RTACC, ultimately, clinical experience and expertise should be the main factor in driving the decision over which intervention to prioritise in the emergency context
Limits on the Non-Standard Interactions of Neutrinos from Colliders
We provide an effective Lagrangian analysis of contact non-standard
interactions of neutrinos with electrons, which can be effectively mediated by
extra particles, and examine the associated experimental limits. At present,
such interactions are strongly constrained only for : the bounds are
loose for and absent for . We emphasize the unique role
played by the reaction in providing direct
constraints on such non-standard interactions.Comment: 15 LaTeX pages, 6 postscript figures, uses epsfig. New discussion on
bounds from reactor anti-neutrino scattering off electrons; minor changes. To
appear on Phys. Lett.
Anomalous Neutrino Interaction, Muon g-2, and Atomic Parity Nonconservation
We propose a simple unified description of two recent precision measurements
which suggest new physics beyond the Standard Model of particle interactions,
i.e. the deviation of in deep inelastic neutrino-nucleon
scattering and that of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Our proposal
is also consistent with a third precision measurement, i.e. that of parity
nonconservation in atomic Cesium, which agrees with the Standard Model.Comment: 9 pages, including 1 figure, latest muon g-2 information adde
The influence of direct -meson production to the determination on the nucleon strangeness asymmetry via dimuon events in neutrino experiments
Experimentally, the production of oppositely charged dimuon events by
neutrino and anti-neutrino deep inelastic scattering (DIS) is used to determine
the strangeness asymmetry inside a nucleon. Here we point out that the direct
production of -meson in DIS may make substantial influence to the
measurement of nucleon strange distributions. The direct -meson production
is via the heavy quark recombination (HQR) and via the light quark
fragmentation from perturbative QCD (LQF-P). To see the influence precisely, we
compute the direct -meson productions via HQR and LQF-P quantitatively and
estimate their corrections to the analysis of the strangeness asymmetry. The
results show that HQR has stronger effect than LQF-P does, and the former may
influence the experimental determination of the nucleon strangeness asymmetry.Comment: 9 latex pages, 7 figure
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