Activity of Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

One of the most studied plant species with insecticidal properties is the castor bean Ricinus communis. However, its activity against Spodoptera frugiperda is unclear. Therefore, to determinate the insecticidal and insectistatic activities of methanol, hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of the seeds and leaves of R. communis, castor oil and ricinine were tested at different concentrations against S. frugiperda. This study demonstrated for the first time, that the castor oil and ricinine are active ingredients of R. communis that acts against S. frugiperda and that each of the seed extracts exhibited better insecticidal and insectistatic activity than the leaf extracts. The half maximum larvae viability concentration (LVC50) were 0.38 × 103 ppm for the ricinine, 0.75 × 103 ppm for a methanol extract ofseeds, 1.97 × 103 ppm for an ethyl acetate seed extract, 2.69×103 ppm for the castor oil, 4.83 × 103 ppm for a methanol extract of leaves, 5.07 × 103 ppm for an ethyl acetate extract of leaves, 9.95 × 103 ppm fora hexane extract of seeds and 10.01 × 103 ppm for a hexane extract of leaves

La tercera revolución industrial en México: diagnóstico e implicaciones

Los materiales que se ofrecen en este volumen fueron compilados por los organizadores del Simposio Multidisciplinario sobre La tercera revolución industrial en México: diagnóstico e implicaciones socioculturales, económicas y científico-tecnológicas, que se realizó del 30 de septiembre al 4 de octubre de 1991 en el Auditorio Mario de la Cueva, en la Torre 11 de Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Esta reunión surgió de la propuesta de los investigadores Ma. Luisa Rodríguez-Sala, del Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, y de Adrián Chavero, delInstituto de Investigaciones Económicas de la UNAM con el objeto de abordar la problemática de la ciencia y la tecnología desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria y consecuentemente interinstitucional. Se juzgó conveniente que con base en el planteamiento elaborado para convocar a los ponentes se formaran tres apartados temáticos que incluyeran a grandes rasgos los temas siguientes: 1) Un marco epistemológico que permitiera reflexionar sobre el contenido y significado de la tercera revolución industrial y su alcances sociales. 2) El análisis de los elementos de diagnóstico en cuanto a políticas y toma de decisiones para conocer de qué manera empieza el país a enfrentarse a esa situación novedosa, y 3) Un diagnóstico del nivel específico de la investigación del país en el tema central visualizado desde la perspectiva de los científicos y los tecnólogos involucrados directamente en el campo de la investigación en algunas de las disciplinas que ya forman parte de la denominada tercera revolución industrial, la cual, en términos generales, se puede caracterizar por: a) La creación de sucedáneos a las materias primas que serán desplazadas por aquellos "nuevos materiales" producidos en laboratorio a escala industrial. b) La introducción de la informática, que entre otras consecuencias puede revolucionar el sistema educativo. c) La introducción al mercado de los productos que provienen de la biotecnología y la agroindustria, ya logrados en los países de elevado nivel de desarollo. Puede considerarse que se cuenta con un diagnóstico muy completo de la situación del país en esta materia,que abarca no sólo el aspecto científico-tecnológico sino también la repercusión en los ámbitos económicos; sociales y culturales que se tocan en estos trabajos. Sin embargo, se requiere la revisión periódica y recurrente de lo que significa para México el impacto de la revolución industrial, sobre todo su reflexión en marcos o situaciones que de aquí en adelante se presentarán cada vez más dinámicos, cambiantes y novedosos, con el objetivo de apuntar hacia soluciones a la problemática que plantea para México la irrupción de la tercera revolución industrial

Genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus DNA in women with cervical lesions in Bioko, Equatorial Guinea

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The HVP vaccine is a useful tool for preventing cervical cancer. The purpose of this study is to determine the most frequent HPV genotypes in Equatorial Guinea in order to develop future vaccination strategies to apply in this country.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A campaign against cervical cancer was carried out in the area on a total of 1,680 women. 26 of the women, following cytological screening, were treated surgically with a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Cases were studied histologically and were genotyped from paraffin blocks by applying a commercial kit that recognized 35 HPV types.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Cytological diagnoses included 17 HSIL, 1 LSIL, 5 ASC-H and 3 AGUS. Histological diagnosis resulted in 3 cases of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma stage IA of FIGO, 9 CIN-3, 8 CIN-2, 2 CIN-1, 3 flat condylomas and mild dysplasia of the endocervical epithelium. Fifteen of twenty-five cases genotyped were positive for HPV (60%). HPV 16 and 33 were identified in four cases each, HPV 58 in two other cases, and HPV 18, 31, 52, and 82 in one case, with one HPV 16 and 58 coinfection.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The frequency of HPV types in the African area varies in comparison to other regions, particularly in Europe and USA. Vaccination against the five most common HPV types (16, 33, 58, 18, and 31) should be considered in the geographic region of West Africa and specifically in Equatorial Guinea.</p

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM THE HUAUTLA SIERRA BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN MORELOS (MÉXICO)

Twenty-two extracts from nine Mexicanmedicinal plants of eight different familiesused for people neighbor to Huautla SierraBiosphere Reserve (REBIOSH) in differentinfectious diseases were assayed in vitro todetermine their antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Proteus mirabilis;Salmonella typhi and the yeast Candidaalbicans. Most plants showed antibacterialactivity, while two plants showed activityagainst range 0.25 a 4 mg/mL almost onemicroorganism used. The extracts showedminimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)against S. aureus and S. faecalis, representsmicroorganisms Gram-positive were hexanic and acetonic extracts of Bursera copallifera and hexanic extract of B. grandifolia.The ethanol extract of Lippia graveolensshowed a MIC value of 1 mg/mL againstyeast Candida albicans.Se determinó la actividad antimicrobianade veintidós extractos orgánicos de nueveespecies vegetales medicinales de ochodiferentes familias, que son comúnmenteempleadas por los habitantes de las comunidades vecinas a la reserva de la biosferaSierra de Huautla (REBIOSH), Morelos,para tratar diferentes padecimientos infecciosos. Los microorganismos empleadosfueron: Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus faecalis; Escherichia coli; Proteusmirabilis; Salmonella typhi y la levaduraCandida albicans. La mayoría de los extractos de las plantas probadas inhibieronel crecimiento microbiano en un rango de0.25 a 4 mg/mL de al menos uno de losmicroorganismos utilizados. Los extractosque mostraron las menores concentracionesmínimas inhibitorias (CMI) frente a losmicroorganismos S. aureus y S. faecalis,representativos de Gram-positivos fueron el extracto hexánico y acetónico de Burseracopallifera y el hexánico de B. grandifolia.El extracto etanólico de Lippia graveolenslogró inhibir a C. albicans con una CMIde 1 mg/mL

Depresión, ansiedad, función cognitiva y dependencia funcional en adultos mayores hospitalizados

Objective: Determine the relationship between depression, anxiety, and cognitive function with dependency in older adults.Materials and Method: Descriptive and correlational cross-sectional study conducted on 98 hospitalized older adults. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Montreal Cognitive Evaluation Test, and the Barthel Index were applied. Results: Age, gender, depression, anxiety, and cognitive function explain 33% of functional dependency. The variables that influence dependence to carry out basic activities in daily life were gender (p = .000), depression (p = .002), and cognitive function (p =.002).Conclusions: In assessing the functionality of hospitalized older adults, gender, depression, and cognitive function are important to consider.Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la depresión, ansiedad y función cognitiva con la dependencia en adultos mayores.Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo y correlacional de corte transversal en 98 adultos mayores hospitalizados. Se aplicó la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión, el test de evaluación cognitiva de Montreal e Índice de Barthel.Resultados: La edad, el género, la depresión, la ansiedad y la función cognitiva explican el 33% de la dependencia funcional. Las variables que influyen sobre la dependencia en las actividades básicas de la vida diaria fueron el género (p=.000), la depresión (p=.002) y la función cognitiva (p=.002).Conclusiones: En la valoración de la funcionalidad del adulto mayor hospitalizado es importante considerar el género, la depresión y la función cognitiva.Resumo:Objetivo: determinar a relação entre depressão, ansiedade e função cognitiva com dependência em idosos.Material e Método: Estudo transversal descritivo e correlato em 98 idosos hospitalizados. Foi aplicada a Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar, o Teste de Avaliação Cognitiva de Montreal e o Índice de Barthel.Resultados: Idade, sexo, depressão, ansiedade e função cognitiva explicam 33% da dependência funcional. As variáveis que influenciam a dependência das atividades básicas da vida cotidiana foram sexo (p.000), depressão (p.002) e função cognitiva (p.002).Conclusões: Ao avaliar a funcionalidade do idoso hospitalizado é importante considerar gênero, depressão e função cognitiva

Imágenes de resonancia magnética nuclear de la articulación tempranomandibular después del tratamiento quirúrgico de la luxación meniscal

La utilidad de la Resonancia Magnética Nuclear en el diagnóstico preoperatorio de la articulación temporomandibular ha sido ya ampliamente demostrada. Los resultados obtenidos de la revisión de cuatro pacientes, intervenidos quirúrgicamente con la técnica de Weinberg y Cousens y la de Leopard, mediante imágenes de Resonancia Magnética estáticas y pseudodinámicas, muestran que, su utilid ad no es tan evidente cuando se trata de evaluar los resultados postoperatorios. En el presente artículo se pretende analizar los resultados obtenidos después de la cirugía de reposición meniscal mediante Resonancia Magnética y poner en evidencia hasta qué punto se reestablece la relación anatómica y funcional después de dichas técnicas

Ion release and local effects of titanium metal particles from dental implants: an experimental study in rats

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accumulation of ions in blood and organs caused by Ti metal particles in a mandibular defect in rats, together with a description of the local reaction of oral tissues to these titanium alloy debris. Methods: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into three groups: an experimental group with a mandibular bone defect filled with metallic debris obtained by implantoplasty; a positive control group; and a negative control group. Thirty days after surgery, the rats were euthanized and perilesional tissue surrounding the mandibular defect was removed, together with the lungs, spleen, liver and brain. Two blood samples were collected: immediately before surgery and before euthanasia. The perilesional tissue was histologically analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin staining, and titanium, aluminum and vanadium ion concentrations in blood and organs were measured by TQ-ICP-MS. Descriptive and bivariate analyses of the data were performed. Results: All rats with implanted metal debris showed metal particles and a bone fracture callus on the osseous defect. The metal particles were surrounded by a foreign body reaction characterized by the presence of histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells. The experimental group had a significant higher concentration of Ti ions in all studied organs except lung tissue (p < 0.05). In addition, there were more V ions in the brain in the experimental group (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Although further studies are required to confirm the clinical relevance of these results, Ti metal particles in the jaw might increase the concentration of metal ions in vital organs and induce a foreign body reaction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ion release; Ti6Al4V; implantoplasty; metal particles; peri-implantitis; titanium

The pattern of Comorbidities and Associated Risk Factors among Colorectal Cancer Patients in Spain: CoMCoR study

AbstractColorectal cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in Spain. Cancer treatment and outcomes can be influenced by tumor characteristics, patient general health status and comorbidities. Numerous studies have analyzed the influence of comorbidity on cancer outcomes, but limited information is available regarding the frequency and distribution of comorbidities in colorectal cancer patients, particularly elderly ones, in the Spanish population. We developed a population-based high-resolution cohort study of all incident colorectal cancer cases diagnosed in Spain in 2011 to describe the frequency and distribution of comorbidities, as well as tumor and healthcare factors. We then characterized risk factors associated with the most prevalent comorbidities, as well as dementia and multimorbidity, and developed an interactive web application to visualize our findings. The most common comorbidities were diabetes (23.6%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17.2%), and congestive heart failure (14.5%). Dementia was the most common comorbidity among patients aged ≥75 years. Patients with dementia had a 30% higher prevalence of being diagnosed at stage IV and the highest prevalence of emergency hospital admission after colorectal cancer diagnosis (33%). Colorectal cancer patients with dementia were nearly three times more likely to not be offered surgical treatment. Age ≥75 years, obesity, male sex, being a current smoker, having surgery more than 60 days after cancer diagnosis, and not being offered surgical treatment were associated with a higher risk of multimorbidity. Patients with multimorbidity aged ≥75 years showed a higher prevalence of hospital emergency admission followed by surgery the same day of the admission (37%). We found a consistent pattern in the distribution and frequency of comorbidities and multimorbidity among colorectal cancer patients. The high frequency of stage IV diagnosis among patients with dementia and the high proportion of older patients not being offered surgical treatment are significant findings that require policy actions.</jats:p

T- Force o Test de Squat Jump. ¿Cuál es la mejor forma de evaluar la potencia máxima en futbolistas profesionales?

In high-performance sport it is important to carry out a control to athletes, which must start from the evaluation of physical abilities every certain period of time; for this you should choose&nbsp; the appropriate tests and instruments&nbsp; considering the gesture and driving pattern of each discipline, as well as the characteristics of each subject. The&nbsp; objective of this research was based on the comparison of two measuring instruments&nbsp; validated in the strength analysis:&nbsp; T-Force® in which the squat and Optogait® test was carried out with the Squat Jump Protocol (SJ) to evaluate maximum power in professional footballers of two football teams in the city of&nbsp; Bogotá. Descriptive study, correlated scope of cross-sectional type. It was attended by 38 male athletes, who performed the SJ tests on Optogait and squat test in T-Force; for the processing and analysis of the data a T test was performed for related samples. Significant differences were found between the results of both tests, where the maximum power obtained was higher with T-Force test, but the deviation of the data was lower in the case of the Optogait. According to the results, sand determined that the best method for measuring maximum power in footballers is the T-Force.En el deporte de alto rendimiento es importante llevar a cabo un control a los deportistas, el cual debe partir de la evaluación de las capacidades físicas cada cierto periodo de tiempo; para esto se deben escoger las pruebas e instrumentos adecuados considerando el gesto y patrón motriz de cada disciplina, así como las características propias de cada sujeto. El objetivo de la presente investigación se basó en la comparación de dos instrumentos de medición validados en el análisis de la fuerza: T-Force® en el cual se realizó el test de sentadilla y Optogait® con el protocolo de Squat Jump (SJ), para evaluar potencia máxima en futbolistas profesionales de dos equipos de futbol de la ciudad de Bogotá. Estudio descriptivo, de alcance correlacional de tipo transversal. Se contó con la participación de 38 deportistas de género masculino, quienes realizaron las pruebas de SJ en Optogait y test de sentadilla en T-Force; para el procesamiento y análisis de los datos se realizó una prueba T para muestras relacionadas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los resultados de ambas pruebas, donde la potencia máxima obtenida fue más alta con el test de T-Force, pero la desviación de los datos fue menor en el caso del Optogait. De acuerdo con los resultados, se determinó que el mejor método para la medición de la potencia máxima en futbolistas es el T-Force

Antibiotic resistance genes in phage particles isolated from human feces and induced from clinical bacterial isolates

Phage particles have emerged as elements with the potential to mobilize antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in different environments, including the intestinal habitat. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of ARGs in phage particles present in fecal matter and induced from strains isolated from feces. Nine ARGs (blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1-group, blaCTX-M-9-group, blaOXA-48, qnrA, qnrS, mecA, sul1 and armA) were quantified by qPCR in the phage DNA fractions of 150 fecal samples obtained from healthy individuals. These subjects had not received antibiotic treatment or travelled abroad in the three months prior to the sample collection. On the suspicion that the detected particles originated from bacterial flora, 82 Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates possessing at least one identified ARG (blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1-group, blaCTX-M-9-group, armA, qnrA, qnrS, and sul1) were isolated and their capacity to produce phage particles carrying these ARGs after induction was evaluated. Seventy-two percent of samples were positive for at least one ARG, with blaTEM and blaCTX-M-9-group being the most prevalent and abundant. Fifty-one isolates (62%) showed an increase in the number of copies of the respective ARG in the phage fraction after induction, with blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1-group, blaCTX-M-9-group and sul1 being the most abundant. Phages induced from the isolates were further purified and visualized using microscopy and their DNA showed ARG levels of up to 10(10) gene copies/ml. This study highlights the abundance of phage particles harboring ARGs and indicates that bacterial strains in the intestinal habitat could be sources of these particles