LEARNING THROUGH WATCHING FILMS

As one of the most important aspects in people’s life, education should be treated and improved well. It is so essential because education gives opportunity to have a better life. Therefore, people should think of any better ways to improve the quality of education. One of the ways is through popular culture. As a growing-trend culture, popular culture has been widely known, especially by young people. From the library research conducted, some relevant references have been gathered and the data analysis has shown that it is very acceptable to use films, a part of popular culture to teach. This teaching technique can be used to teach morality and language skills at the same time. Therefore, education institution should be able to accommodate this system in order to succeed in educating

Combination of frustra shapes with cross sections and trigger circles for crash box design to absorb energy

Crash box that has not been maximal in absorbing energy during collisions are the basis for researchers to redesign crash box. There are three designs of crash box that combined frustra, cross section with three holes. This is a novel design that is expected to absorb more energy and minimize deformation and also buckling. The finite element simulation shows that the square model can absorb higher energy than the other two models, that is 142.66 KJ at 0.005 s, a force of 5728 KN, and displacement of 57 mm. Therefore, the recommended shape from this research is the square model

Quasi-static crushing response of square hybrid carbon/aramid tube for automotive crash box application

One of the essential automotive parts is a crash box, which is essential for initial kinetic energy absorption. However, both vehicle weight and energy-absorbing performance of crash box requirements have to achieve. Recently, crash boxes made of hybrid materials have increasingly studied regarding their better crash performance and weight reduction effects compared to conventional metallic materials. Therefore, the aim of this study is to fabricate a hybrid carbon/aramid composite crash box with a hollow structure and to determine its mechanical properties under quasi-static axial compressive and tensile loading. This study shows that square hybrid carbon/aramid tubes provide an average 57.94 J energy absorption, average 0.72 kJ/kg specific energy absorption, average 62.46 kN crushing peak load, average 748.40 MPa compressive modulus and average 36.29 MPa maximum stress under quasi-static compressive loading. It is suggested that a square hybrid carbon/aramid tube could have the promising potential to replace aluminium or metallic structure to use as an automotive crash box for lightweight applications

Impact behaviour of spherical-roof contoured-core (SRCC) sandwich panel under the low-velocity impact (LVI) : A numerical investigation

Sandwich panels are multifunctional composite structures with two stiffer skin sheets and core, which have better mechanical properties than traditional structures. It is challenging to improve the energy-absorption characteristics and impact resistance while maintaining the required mechanical performance under quasi-static and dynamic loadings. Various core designs of sandwich structures have been studied on the failure mechanism under dynamic loading. This paper was investigated the impact behaviour of sandwich panels with spherical-roof contoured core (SRCC) design under low-velocity impact (LVI) loading impact loading, which is used in finite element modelling. The core structure and two skin sheets were used carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP). It was used the cohesive element to predict the adhesive interface between the skin sheet and the spherical-roof core. The three-dimensional (3D) Hashin failure criterion was implemented to predict the impact behaviour. The single-peak load curve on the load versus displacement curve was observed on type 1 with 5.71 kN, and the double-peak load curve was found on type 2 with 7.12 kN. Furthermore, it was calculated that the internal energy of the SRCC sandwich panel was 51.67 J with type 2, which was 1.81 times higher than type 1

Autophagy supports Candida glabrata survival during phagocytosis

The opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida glabrata is confronted with phagocytic cells of the host defence system. Survival of internalized cells is thought to contribute to successful dissemination. We investigated the reaction of engulfed C. glabrata cells using fluorescent protein fusions of the transcription factors CgYap1 and CgMig1 and catalase CgCta1. The expression level and peroxisomal localization of catalase was used to monitor the metabolic and stress status of internalized C. glabrata cells. These reporters revealed that the phagocytosed C. glabrata cells were exposed to transient oxidative stress and starved for carbon source. Cells trapped within macrophages increased their peroxisome numbers indicating a metabolic switch. Prolonged phagocytosis caused a pexophagy-mediated decline in peroxisome numbers. Autophagy, and in particular pexophagy, contributed to survival of C. glabrata during engulfment. Mutants lacking CgATG11 or CgATG17, genes required for pexophagy and non-selective autophagy, respectively, displayed reduced survival rates. Furthermore, both CgAtg11 and CgAtg17 contribute to survival, since the double mutant was highly sensitive to engulfment. Inhibition of peroxisome formation by deletion of CgPEX3 partially restored viability of CgATG11 deletion mutants during engulfment. This suggests that peroxisome formation and maintenance might sequester resources required for optimal survival. Mobilization of intracellular resources via autophagy is an important virulence factor that supports the viability of C. glabrata in the phagosomal compartment of infected innate immune cells

Cytosolic NADPH balancing in Penicillium chrysogenum cultivated on mixtures of glucose and ethanol

The in vivo flux through the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (oxPPP) in Penicillium chrysogenum was determined during growth in glucose/ethanol carbon-limited chemostat cultures, at the same growth rate. Non-stationary 13C flux analysis was used to measure the oxPPP flux. A nearly constant oxPPP flux was found for all glucose/ethanol ratios studied. This indicates that the cytosolic NADPH supply is independent of the amount of assimilated ethanol. The cofactor assignment in the model of van Gulik et al. (Biotechnol Bioeng 68(6):602–618, 2000) was supported using the published genome annotation of P. chrysogenum. Metabolic flux analysis showed that NADPH requirements in the cytosol remain nearly the same in these experiments due to constant biomass growth. Based on the cytosolic NADPH balance, it is known that the cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase in P. chrysogenum is NAD +  dependent. Metabolic modeling shows that changing the NAD + -aldehyde dehydrogenase to NADP + -aldehyde dehydrogenase can increase the penicillin yield on substrate