2,542 research outputs found
Magneto-structural coupling and harmonic lattice dynamics in CaFeAs probed by M\"ossbauer spectroscopy
In this paper we present detailed M\"ossbauer spectroscopy study of
structural and magnetic properties of the undoped parent compound
CaFeAs single crystal. By fitting the temperature dependence of the
hyperfine magnetic field we show that the magneto-structural phase transition
is clearly first-order in nature and we also deduced the compressibility of our
sample to be . Within the Landau's theory of phase
transition, we further argue that the observed phase transition may stem from
the strong magneto-structural coupling effect. Temperature dependence of the
Lamb-M\"ossbauer factor show that the paramagnetic phase and the
antiferromagnetic phase exhibit similar lattice dynamics in high frequency
modes with very close Debye temperatures, 270\,K.Comment: 6 pages,5 figures Accepted by J. Phys.: Condens. Matte
On the dynamics of transfer-ionization in fast ion-atomic collisions
We consider trasfer-ionization in collisions of fast (3.6 -- 11 MeV/u)
protons, alpha-particles and lithium nuclei with helium atoms. There are just a
few basic mechanisms contributing to this process which can be grouped into
correlated ones, which crucially depend on the electron-electron interaction,
and uncorrelated, which do not need this interaction to proceed. We show that
by exploring momentum spectra of the emitted electrons the correlated and
uncorrelated mechanisms can be cleary separated from each other. This
exploration also enables one to get insight into subtle details of the dynamics
of transfer-ionization.Comment: 12 pages. 7 figure
The Effect of COVID-19 On Antibiotic Resistance
Over three years have passed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. During these times we have experienced significant changes in all areas of our life. In healthcare, more attention was focused on COVID-19 than other concerns. An unexpected consequence of the pandemic was a silent progression of an increased spread of multi-resistant pathogens. While antibiotic use during the pandemic varied across healthcare settings, antibiotics were prescribed for COVID-19 patients, even though antibiotics are known not to be effective against viruses.1 In dentistry, antibiotics were prescribed to prevent potential dental infections, since many dental offices were not open. Antimicrobial resistance was one of our greatest public health concerns prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and it remains so
Electronic Structure, Magnetism and Superconductivity of Layered Iron Compounds
The layered iron superconductors are discussed using electronic structure
calculations. The four families of compounds discovered so far, including
Fe(Se,Te) have closely related electronic structures. The Fermi surface
consists of disconnected hole and electron cylinders and additional hole
sections that depend on the specific material. This places the materials in
proximity to itinerant magnetism, both due to the high density of states and
due to nesting. Comparison of density functional results and experiment
provides strong evidence for itinerant spin fluctuations, which are discussed
in relation to superconductivity. It is proposed that the intermediate phase
between the structural transition and the SDW transition in the oxy-pnictides
is a nematic phase.Comment: Proceedings ISS200
New Fe-based superconductors: properties relevant for applications
Less than two years after the discovery of high temperature superconductivity
in oxypnictide LaFeAs(O,F) several families of superconductors based on Fe
layers (1111, 122, 11, 111) are available. They share several characteristics
with cuprate superconductors that compromise easy applications, such as the
layered structure, the small coherence length, and unconventional pairing, On
the other hand the Fe-based superconductors have metallic parent compounds, and
their electronic anisotropy is generally smaller and does not strongly depend
on the level of doping, the supposed order parameter symmetry is s wave, thus
in principle not so detrimental to current transmission across grain
boundaries. From the application point of view, the main efforts are still
devoted to investigate the superconducting properties, to distinguish intrinsic
from extrinsic behaviours and to compare the different families in order to
identify which one is the fittest for the quest for better and more practical
superconductors. The 1111 family shows the highest Tc, huge but also the most
anisotropic upper critical field and in-field, fan-shaped resistive transitions
reminiscent of those of cuprates, while the 122 family is much less anisotropic
with sharper resistive transitions as in low temperature superconductors, but
with about half the Tc of the 1111 compounds. An overview of the main
superconducting properties relevant to applications will be presented. Upper
critical field, electronic anisotropy parameter, intragranular and
intergranular critical current density will be discussed and compared, where
possible, across the Fe-based superconductor families
Fatty acids in bovine milk fat
Milk fat contains approximately 400 different fatty acid, which make it the most complex of all natural fats. The milk fatty acids are derived almost equally from two sources, the feed and the microbial activity in the rumen of the cow and the lipids in bovine milk are mainly present in globules as an oil-in-water emulsion. Almost 70% of the fat in Swedish milk is saturated of which around 11% comprises short-chain fatty acids, almost half of which is butyric acid. Approximately 25% of the fatty acids in milk are mono-unsaturated and 2.3% are poly-unsaturated with omega-6/omega-3 ratio around 2.3. Approximately 2.7% are trans fatty acids
P2Y Receptors Sensitize Mouse and Human Colonic Nociceptors
Activation of visceral nociceptors by inflammatory mediators contributes to visceral hypersensitivity and abdominal pain associated with many gastrointestinal disorders. Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides (e.g., ATP and UTP) are strongly implicated in this process following their release from epithelial cells during mechanical stimulation of the gut, and from immune cells during inflammation. Actions of ATP are mediated through both ionotropic P2X receptors and metabotropic P2Y receptors. P2X receptor activation causes excitation of visceral afferents; however, the impact of P2Y receptor activation on visceral afferents innervating the gut is unclear. Here we investigate the effects of stimulating P2Y receptors in isolated mouse colonic sensory neurons, and visceral nociceptor fibers in mouse and human nerve-gut preparations. Additionally, we investigate the role of Na(v)1.9 in mediating murine responses. The application of UTP (P2Y(2) and P2Y(4) agonist) sensitized colonic sensory neurons by increasing action potential firing to current injection and depolarizing the membrane potential. The application of ADP (P2Y(1), P2Y(12), and P2Y(13) agonist) also increased action potential firing, an effect blocked by the selective P2Y(1) receptor antagonist MRS2500. UTP or ADP stimulated afferents, including mouse and human visceral nociceptors, in nerve-gut preparations. P2Y(1) and P2Y(2) transcripts were detected in 80% and 56% of retrogradely labeled colonic neurons, respectively. Na(v)1.9 transcripts colocalized in 86% of P2Y(1)-positive and 100% of P2Y(2)-positive colonic neurons, consistent with reduced afferent fiber responses to UTP and ADP in Na(v)1.9(−/−) mice. These data demonstrate that P2Y receptor activation stimulates mouse and human visceral nociceptors, highlighting P2Y-dependent mechanisms in the generation of visceral pain during gastrointestinal disease. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chronic visceral pain is a debilitating symptom of many gastrointestinal disorders. The activation of pain-sensing nerves located in the bowel wall and their sensitization to physiological stimuli, including bowel movements, underpins the development of such pain, and is associated with mediators released during disease. This work addresses the unstudied role of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides in modulating colonic nociceptors via P2Y receptors using a combination of electrophysiological recordings from human ex vivo samples and a detailed functional study in the mouse. This is the first report to identify colonic purinergic signaling as a function of P2Y receptor activation, in addition to established P2X receptor activity, and the results contribute to our understanding of the development of visceral pain during gastrointestinal disease
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