1,938 research outputs found
A multidimensional hydrodynamic code for structure evolution in cosmology
A cosmological multidimensional hydrodynamic code is described and tested.
This code is based on modern high-resolution shock-capturing techniques. It can
make use of a linear or a parabolic cell reconstruction as well as an
approximate Riemann solver. The code has been specifically designed for
cosmological applications. Two tests including shocks have been considered: the
first one is a standard shock tube and the second test involves a spherically
symmetric shock. Various additional cosmological tests are also presented. In
this way, the performance of the code is proved. The usefulness of the code is
discussed; in particular, this powerful tool is expected to be useful in order
to study the evolution of the hot gas component located inside nonsymmetric
cosmological structures.Comment: 34 pages , LaTex with aasms4.sty, 7 postscript figures, figure 4
available by e-mail, tared , gziped and uuencoded. Accepted Ap
A Minimal See-Saw Model for Hierarchical Neutrino Masses with Large Mixing
The atmospheric and solar neutrino oscillation data suggest hierarchical
neutrino masses with at least one large mixing. The simplest see-saw models for
reconciling the two features are U(1) extensions of the SM with flavour
dependent gauge charges. I discuss a minimal model of this type containing two
heavy right-handed neutrinos, which have normal Dirac couplings to
and but suppressed ones to . It can naturally account for the
large (small) mixing solutions to the atmospheric (solar) neutrino oscillation
data.Comment: 6 pages, Latex, Invited Talk at the 6th San Miniato Topical Seminar
on `Neutrino and Astroparticle Physics', to appear in Nuclear Physics B
(Proc. Suppl.
Hyperbolic character of the angular moment equations of radiative transfer and numerical methods
We study the mathematical character of the angular moment equations of
radiative transfer in spherical symmetry and conclude that the system is
hyperbolic for general forms of the closure relation found in the literature.
Hyperbolicity and causality preservation lead to mathematical conditions
allowing to establish a useful characterization of the closure relations. We
apply numerical methods specifically designed to solve hyperbolic systems of
conservation laws (the so-called Godunov-type methods), to calculate numerical
solutions of the radiation transport equations in a static background. The
feasibility of the method in any kind of regime, from diffusion to
free-streaming, is demonstrated by a number of numerical tests and the effect
of the choice of the closure relation on the results is discussed.Comment: 37 pags, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Natural R-Parity, \mu-term, and Fermion Mass Hierarchy From Discrete Gauge Symmetries
In the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model with seesaw neutrino masses we
show how R-parity can emerge naturally as a discrete gauge symmetry. The same
discrete symmetry explains the smallness of the \mu-term (the Higgsino mass
parameter) via the Giudice--Masiero mechanism. The discrete gauge anomalies are
cancelled by a discrete version of the Green--Schwarz mechanism. The simplest
symmetry group is found to be Z_4 with a charge assignment that is compatible
with grand unification. Several other Z_N gauge symmetries are found for
N=10,12,18,36 etc, with some models employing discrete anomaly cancellation at
higher Kac-Moody levels. Allowing for a flavor structure in Z_N, we show that
the same gauge symmetry can also explain the observed hierarchy in the fermion
masses and mixings.Comment: 22 pages, LaTe
Gravitational waves from galaxy clusters: a new observable effect
A rich galaxy cluster showing strong resemblance with the observed ones is
simulated. Cold dark matter spectrum, Gaussian statistics, flat universe, and
two components -- baryonic gas plus dark matter particles -- are considered. We
have calculated the gravitational-wave output during the epoch of the fully
nonlinear and nonsymmetric cluster evolution. The amplitudes and frequencies of
the resulting gravitational waves are estimated. Since frequencies are very
small --of the order of -- a complete pulse cannot be observed
during an admissible integration time; nevertheless, it is proved that these
waves can produce an interesting secular effect which appears to be observable
with current technology.Comment: 15 LaTEX pages, two postscript figures. To be published in The
Astrophysical Journal Letter
Minimal gauge origin of baryon triality and flavorful signatures at the LHC
Baryon triality (B3) is a Z3 discrete symmetry that can protect the proton
from decay. Although its realization does not require supersymmetry, it is
particularly appealing in the supersymmetry as an alternative to the popular
R-parity. We discuss the issues in gauging B3, and present the minimal
supersymmetric model with B3 as the remnant discrete symmetry of a TeV scale
U(1) gauge symmetry. A flavor-dependent U(1) charge is necessary to achieve
this, and it results in very distinguishable and flavorful predictions for the
LHC experiments. We find a complementarity between a 2-lepton sneutrino
resonance and a 4-lepton Z' resonance in the supersymmetry search. In addition,
we introduce baryon tetrality (B4), which would play an equivalent role if
there are four fermion generations.Comment: Version to appear in PL
Neutrino Exotica in the Skew E_6 Left-Right Model
With the particle content of the 27 representation of E_6, a skew left-right
supersymmetric gauge model was proposed many years ago, with a variety of
interesting phenomenological implications. The neutrino sector of this model
offers a natural framework for obtaining small Majorana masses for nu_e, nu_mu,
and nu_tau, with the added bonus of accommodating 2 light sterile neutrinos.Comment: 12 pages, no figure, conclusion clarifie
Single gluino production in the R-parity lepton number violating MSSM at the LHC
We examine the -violating signal of single gluino production
associated with a charged lepton or neutrino at the large hadron collider
(LHC), in the model of R-parity relaxed supersymmetric model. If the parameters
in the supersymmetric interactions are not too small, and the
mass of gluino is considered in the range from several GeV (as the Lightest
Supersymmetric Particle) to 800 GeV, the cross section of the single gluino
production via Drell-Yan processes can be in the order of
femto barn, and that via gluon fusion in the order of femto
barn. If the gluino decay can be well detected in the CERN LHC, this process
provides a prospective way to probe supersymmetry and violation.Comment: LaTex, 22 pages, 5 EPS file
Constraints on Finite Soft Supersymmetry-Breaking Terms
Requiring the soft supersymmetry-breaking (SSB) parameters in finite
gauge-Yukawa unified models to be finite up to and including two-loop order, we
derive a two-loop sum rule for the soft scalar-masses. It is shown that this
sum rule coincides with that of a certain class of string models in which the
massive string states are organized into N=4 supermultiplets. We investigate
the SSB sector of two finite SU(5) models. Using the sum rule which allows the
non-universality of the SSB terms and requiring that the lightest superparticle
particleis neutral, we constrain the parameter space of the SSB sector in each
model.Comment: 34 page
Neutrino Mass Models: circa 2008
We review recent developments in theoretical models for neutrino masses and
mixing. Emphases are given to models based on finite group family symmetries.
In particular, we describe one recent model based on SU(5), in which both the
tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing and realistic CKM matrix are generated. We also
discuss two models based on a non-anomalous U(1)_F family symmetry in which the
gauge anomalies are cancelled due to the presence of the right-handed
neutrinos. In one of these models, the seesaw scale can be as low as a TeV; in
the other model, which is based on SUSY SU(5), the U(1)_F symmetry forbids
Higgs-mediated proton decays.Comment: Based on Plenary Talk presented at the Neutrino Oscillation Workshop
(NOW2008), Conca Specchiulla, Italy, September 6-13, 2008; 6 page
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