Optimality conditions in convex multiobjective SIP

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the weak efficient solutions, the efficient solutions, and the isolated efficient solutions of a given vector optimization problem with finitely many convex objective functions and infinitely many convex constraints. To do this, we introduce new and already known data qualifications (conditions involving the constraints and/or the objectives) in order to get optimality conditions which are expressed in terms of either Karusk–Kuhn–Tucker multipliers or a new gap function associated with the given problem.This research was partially cosponsored by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) of Spain, and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) of the European Commission, Project MTM2014-59179-C2-1-P

Characteristics and clinical applicability of the validated scales and tools for screening, evaluating and measuring the risk of intimate partner violence: systematic literature review (2003-2017)

Introduction: several tools have been developed to objectively identify women who are experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). The objective of this systematic review is to identify and describe the properties and clinical usefulness of the validated tools for detecting IPV published in the past 15 years. Methods:a systematic review was performed of the bibliographic databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, ENFISPO, IME, CINHAL, CUIDEN and Cuidatge. The search was restricted to articles published in the past 15 years. It was broadened to include grey literature. The articles selected present tools for screening, evaluating and measuring the risk of IPV, along with information on the validation of the tool. They are either written in Spanish or English. Results: 536 articles were found in total, of which eight were excluded as they appeared in two different databases. A further 461 were excluded after reading the title and summary. 67 full articles were reviewed. 63 articles were finally included and 39 tools. Conclusion: this systematic review provides a big-picture perspective of validated IPV tools published since 2003. It can help health professionals and researchers choose the most appropriate tool for their specific purposes and context

Optimality conditions for linear copositive programming problems with isolated immobile indices

In the present paper, we apply our recent results on optimality for convex semi-infinite programming to a problem of linear copositive programming (LCP). We prove explicit optimality conditions that use concepts of immobile indices and their immobility orders and do not require the Slater constraint qualification to be satisfied. The only assumption that we impose here is that the set of immobile indices consists of isolated points and hence is finite. This assumption is weaker than the Slater condition; therefore, the optimality conditions obtained in the paper are more general when compared with those usually used in LCP. We present an example of a problem in which the new optimality conditions allow one to test the optimality of a given feasible solution while the known optimality conditions fail to do this. Further, we use the immobile indices to construct a pair of regularized dual copositive problems and show that regardless of whether the Slater condition is satisfied or not, the duality gap between the optimal values of these problems is zero. An example of a problem is presented for which the standard strict duality fails, but the duality gap obtained by using the regularized dual problem vanishes.publishe

Robust optimization revisited via robust vector Farkas lemmas

This paper provides characterizations of the weakly minimal elements of vector optimization problems and the global minima of scalar optimization problems posed on locally convex spaces whose objective functions are deterministic while the uncertain constraints are treated under the robust (or risk-averse) approach, i.e. requiring the feasibility of the decisions to be taken for any possible scenario. To get these optimality conditions we provide Farkas-type results characterizing the inclusion of the robust feasible set into the solution set of some system involving the objective function and possibly uncertain parameters. In the particular case of scalar convex optimization problems, we characterize the optimality conditions in terms of the convexity and closedness of an associated set regarding a suitable point.This research was partially supported by MINECO of Spain and FEDER of EU, [grant number MTM2011-29064-C03-02] and by the project [B2015-28-04]: “A new approach to some classes of optimization problems”, Vietnam National University – HCMC, Vietnam

Quantitative Stability of Linear Infinite Inequality Systems under Block Perturbations with Applications to Convex Systems

The original motivation for this paper was to provide an efficient quantitative analysis of convex infinite (or semi-infinite) inequality systems whose decision variables run over general infinite-dimensional (resp. finite-dimensional) Banach spaces and that are indexed by an arbitrary fixed set $J$. Parameter perturbations on the right-hand side of the inequalities are required to be merely bounded, and thus the natural parameter space is $l_{\infty}(J)$. Our basic strategy consists of linearizing the parameterized convex system via splitting convex inequalities into linear ones by using the Fenchel-Legendre conjugate. This approach yields that arbitrary bounded right-hand side perturbations of the convex system turn on constant-by-blocks perturbations in the linearized system. Based on advanced variational analysis, we derive a precise formula for computing the exact Lipschitzian bound of the feasible solution map of block-perturbed linear systems, which involves only the system's data, and then show that this exact bound agrees with the coderivative norm of the aforementioned mapping. In this way we extend to the convex setting the results of [3] developed for arbitrary perturbations with no block structure in the linear framework under the boundedness assumption on the system's coefficients. The latter boundedness assumption is removed in this paper when the decision space is reflexive. The last section provides the aimed application to the convex case

La moxibustión para el manejo de la presentación no cefálica: una revisión de la literatura

Introducción: aunque la incidencia de presentación no cefálica en el último trimestre de gestación no es muy elevada, un 4% de las gestantes la presentan en el momento del parto, ello suele comportar la finalización del embarazo mediante cesárea. Muchas de las madres actuales prefieren un parto poco intervenido medicamente, pero con la máxima seguridad. Uno de los objetivos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud es que el número de cesáreas no sobrepase el 21% de los partos. En estos momentos existen dos técnicas para intentar girar el feto a una presentación cefálica, la versión cefálica externa y la moxibustión. Objetivo: evaluar la base de evidencia de investigación para el manejo de la presentación de nalgas con el uso de moxibustión. Material y método: identificación de los artículos mediante un procedimiento de búsqueda secuencias de las siguientes bases de datos: Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science y Scopus. Se recogieron aquellos artículos que evaluaban la eficacia de la moxibustión en las embarazadas con presentación de nalgas. Resultados: 14 artículos seleccionados para su análisis. La moxibustión en V67 para las embarazadas con una presentación de nalgas parece ser eficaz en el giro a presentación cefálica. Conclusiones: es una técnica sencilla, bien aceptada por las gestantes y de bajo coste económico. La moxibustión siempre debería ser realizada por profesionales expertos acupuntores. Son necesarias futuras investigaciones para apoyar esta técnica

Intimate partner violence as a subject of study during the training of nurses and midwives in Catalonia (Spain): A qualitative study

While nurses and midwives are in a unique position to identify and help victims of IPV, since they are often their fi rst point of contact in the healthcare system, they need appropriate training. This study sought to examine the presence of IPV-related contents and the depth to which they are addressed in the bachelor's degree in Nursing and in the Midwifery specialisation programme. The study also explored lecturers' motivations for including IPV in their subjects. The methodology employed was qualitative. In- depth interviews were conducted with 16 university lecturers who teach IPV contents in the Nursing degree and Midwifery specialisation programme. The study took place in Catalonia (Spain). The research shows that lecturers feel personally committed in the training for prevention and detection of IPV. The main teaching methodology is active, experiential and requires student activity. In all cases, the lecturers call for more time and spaces to be made available to carry out this training. It would be desirable for more time to be dedicated to nurses and midwives' university training in IPV. The topic should be approached with a more cross-disciplinary, systematised focus from all perspectives: health, psycho- logical, social, ethical and legal. It is important that the training of teaching staff in IPV should be fostered and methodised

Programa de formación continuada sobre detección y abordaje de violencia de género en el embarazo para matronas y otros/as profesionales sanitarios/as. Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería. Campus de Bellvitge.

El programa de formación continuada (FC) que aquí se presenta forma parte de la tesis doctoral titulada “Detección y abordaje de la violencia de género durante el embarazo por parte de las matronas en atención primaria: Un abordaje desde la Investigación Acción Participativa” (https://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/668486#page=1) presentada por Analía Gómez Fernández y co-dirigida por la Dra. Josefina Goberna y la Dra, Montserrat Payá. Dos eran los objetivos generales de la citada tesis: 1) Conocer las características y la realidad de la formación inicial y continuada de las matronas en el ámbito de la detección y abordaje de la violencia de género. 2) Promover cambios de mejora en la detección y abordaje de la violencia de género (VG) en el embarazo por parte de las matronas. Para su consecución, se optó por la metodología de Investigación Acción Participativa, porque fusiona teoría y práctica, y se orienta a la mejora de aspectos concretos de la realidad, desde la colaboración horizontal de sus diferentes agentes quienes son, a su vez, promotores de cambio. Por otra parte, su carácter iterativo posibilita el análisis de aspectos concretos de la realidad, el diseño de posibles acciones de mejora, su implementación, seguimiento y evaluación, que permiten ajustar la siguiente acción a realizar. Durante ese recorrido, produce conocimiento científico y contribuye a la formación de sus agentes. A lo largo de toda la investigación, también durante el diseño y validación del programa del FC, se procuró integrar la perspectiva teórica (ámbito académico) y la práctica (ámbito asistencial), puesto que ambas perspectivas se necesitan y se justifican mutuamente..

Las matronas y la detección de la violencia en el embarazo

La violencia de género es un grave problema social en todo el mundo, por su gravedad y su elevada prevalencia. Puede provocar patologías, incapacidad e incluso la muerte, y tiene repercusiones sobre la salud física, psíquica, social y sexual-reproductiva de la mujer. Si la violencia se ejerce durante el embarazo, puede tener consecuencias no sólo para la mujer, sino también para el feto en desarrollo y el futuro hijo. Existen una serie de funciones mínimas que los profesionales deben desarrollar, como preguntar sobre violencia de género con regularidad, informar y remitir a las mujeres que la sufran a los recursos disponibles de la comunidad, registrar los casos y conocer la legislación vigente del país

Ethical conflict in critical care nursing: correlation between exposure and types

Background: Ethical conflicts in nursing have generally been studied in terms of temporal frequency and the degree of conflict. This study presents a new perspective for examining ethical conflict in terms of the degree of exposure to conflict and its typology. Objectives: The aim was to examine the level of exposure to ethical conflict for professional nurses in critical care units and to analyze the relation between this level and the types of ethical conflict and moral states. Research design: This was a descriptive correlational study. Central and dispersion, normality tests, and analysis of variance were carried out. Participants and research context: A total of 203 nurses were from two third-level teaching hospitals in Spain. Both centers are part of the University of Barcelona Health Network. Participants filled out the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire. Critical Care Version. Ethical considerations: This investigation received the approval of the ethical committees for clinical investigation of the two participating hospitals. Participants were informed of the authorship and aims of the study. Findings: The index of exposure to ethical conflict was x ¼ 182:35. The situations involving analgesic treatment and end-of-life care were shown to be frequent sources of conflict. The types of ethical conflict and moral states generally arranged themselves from lesser to greater levels of index of exposure to ethical conflict. Discussion: The moderate level of exposure to ethical conflict was consistent with other international studies. However, the situations related with family are infrequent, and this presents differences with previous research. The results suggest that there is a logical relationship between types of conflict and levels of exposure to ethical conflict. Conclusion: The types of ethical conflict and moral states were related with the levels of exposure to ethical conflict. The new perspective was shown to be useful for analyzing the phenomenon of ethical conflict in the nurse