Desarrollo de microestructuras de vidrio/silicio para la fabricación de sensores de gases con circuitería CMOS asociada

Consultable des del TDXTítol obtingut de la portada digitalitzadaEl objetivo de esta tesis es el diseño y fabricación de una estructura de vidrio/silicio que permita la integración en un mismo chip de una matriz de sensores de gases y circuitería CMOS. Estas estructuras deben poseer una elevada robustez, alta temperatura de trabajo con un bajo consumo. La estructura está formada por una plataforma a alta temperatura aislada térmicamente (donde se integrará la matriz de sensores de gases) y la parte CMOS. En las plataformas de silicio micromecanizadas se integra una matriz de cuatro sensores de gases trabajando a la misma temperatura. Este tipo de configuración es interesante en aplicaciones donde diferentes materiales se depositan en la misma plataforma para mejorar la selectividad de los sensores a una concentración de gases. La electrónica incluye un bloque de control de temperatura en el área activa y un bloque de lectura de las señales de los sensores. Los principales puntos que se tratan en la tesis son: - Descripción de las estructuras de vidrio/silicio para la fabricación de un sensor de gases integrado monolíticamente con circuitería CMOS - Diseño y simulación: se han realizado una serie de simulaciones numéricas preliminares con el método de los elementos finitos (FEM) para optimizar el aislamiento térmico de las plataformas de silicio en función de la geometría del dispositivo, y de ese modo reducir el consumo de la estructura. - Análisis de la compatibilidad de la tecnología CMOS y de sensores de gases - Fabricación de los dispositivos: a. Micromecanizado del vidrio b. Soldadura anódica vidrio/silicio c. Proceso de fabricación CMOS añadiendo los pasos y materiales necesarios para la incorporación de los elementos propios de sensores de gases d. Deposito de materiales sensibles a gases Caracterización de los dispositivos: mecánica, térmica y eléctrica de la matriz de sensores de gases para analizar la fiabilidad de las estructuras.The aim of the work is the design and fabrication of glass/silicon structure that allows to the on-chip integration of CMOS electronics and gas sensor array with high robustness, high operation temperatures and low power consumption. The structure is composed of a glass/silicon thermally isolated µ-hotplate, on which a sensor array is integrated, and a CMOS electronics part. Arrays of four semiconductor gas sensors (SnO2-based) working at the same temperature were placed on micromachined silicon platforms. These array configurations are of interest for applications on which different sensing materials are deposited on the same platform to improve the selectivity to a given set of gases. The electronics includes the necessary for accurate control of temperature and for resistive-based gas sensor transduction. The main points of this works are: - Description of glass/silicon structures for the fabrication of a CMOS monolithically integrated gas sensor array with electronics - Design and simulation: Preliminary numerical simulations made with the Finite Element Method (FEM) have been done in order to optimise the thermal isolation of the silicon platform and so to reduce the power consumption as a function of the geometry of the device. - Semiconductor gas sensor compatibility with CMOS technologies Fabrication a. Glass structuring technology b. Anodic bonding of thin glass columns c. CMOS process fabrication with special materials and non-CMOS standard processing and post-processing sequences d. Gas sensitive material deposition and patterning. Characterisation: Mechanical, thermal and electrical characterisation of the gas sensor arrays have been done for demonstrating the feasibility of the structure

Mono and dinuclear bis(ortho-tolyl)platinum(II) compounds containing diethyl sulfide ligands: Synthesis, DFT studies and use as precursors in cycloplatination reactions

The synthesis of bis(ortho-tolyl)platinum(II) compounds containing diethyl sulfide ligands from [PtCl2(SEt2)2] and ortho-tolyl-lithium is presented. Formation of a dimer [Pt(4-MeC6H4)2(μ-SEt2)]2 is evidenced by 1H NMR and HR-MS-ESI(+) spectra and the monomer trans-anti-[Pt(2-MeC6H4)2(SEt2)2] is characterized by X-ray diffraction analyses. Theoretical studies indicate that dimerization of the most stable form of the monomer (cis-syn) to the most stable conformer of the dinuclear species (αββα) is favored (ΔE = −10.1 kJ/mol). The reactions of the dimer [Pt(4-MeC6H4)2(μ-SEt2)] with imine ligands 4-ClC6H4CH = NCH2CH2NMe2 and 2-Br,6-FC6H3CH = NCH2Ph gave a tridentate [C, N, N'] five-membered and a bidentate [C, N] seven-membered platinacycles, respectively

Dietary supplementation with spray-dried animal plasma proteins modifies the profile of the fecal microbiota in young mice

Podeu consultar el III Workshop anual INSA-UB complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/11899

Aging effects on gut microbiota in SAMP8 mice

We have studied the effects of aging on fecal microbiota composition in the senescence-accelerated prone mice SAMP8 strain. We compared animals 2, 4 and 6 months old. Feces were collected at the end of each period and a genomic study was carried out on fecal DNA using the Illumina MiSeq analyzer. The Shannon diversity index showed similar values along this period and the number of species was neither affected by aging. The phylum Verrucobacteria went up with age, showing a 7-fold increase at 6 months, compared to 2 months old mice. At family level, changes observed between 2 and 6 months of age involved significant increases in Bacteroidaceae (q<0.001) and strong reductions in Lactobacillaceae (q<0.0001) and Prevotellaceae (q<0.05); at genus level, there was a significant reduction in probiotic Lactobacillus. At species level, we observed an age-related reduction in Lactobacillus hayakitensis, a species involved in mucosal immune homeostasis, and in Blautia hansenii, which provides protection against Clostridium difficile infection. Interestingly, aging increases Parabacteroides goldsteiini, which is involved in the regulation of the TLR4 pathway. These results support the view that aging results in the proliferation of bacterial species that are associated with the immune deterioration of the gut mucosa

Platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes derived from 1-ferrocenylmethyl-3,5-diphenylpyrazole. Coordination, cyclometallation or transannulation?

The synthesis and characterization of the novel pyrazole derivative [1-(Fc-CH2)-3,5-Ph-2-(C3HN2)] (2) {Fc = (eta(5) -C5H5)Fe(eta(5)-C5H4)-} with a ferrocenylmethyl substituent on position 1 of the heterocycle is described. The study of the reactivity of 2 with cis-[MCl2L2] (M = Pt and L = dmso or M = Pd and L = dmso or CH3CN), Pd(AcO)(2) or Na-2[PdCl4] under different experimental conditions, has allowed us to isolate and characterize a wide variety of platinum(II) or palladium(II) complexes: trans-[Pt{1-(Fc-CH2)-3,5-Ph2-(C3HN2)} Cl-2(dmso)] (3), the cis-isomers of [M{1-(Fc-CH2)-3,5-Ph-2-(C3HN2)}Cl-2(dmso)] {M = Pt (4) or Pd (7)}, trans-[Pd{1-(Fc-CH2)-3,5-Ph-2-(C3HN2)}(2)Cl-2] (8), the cyclometallated compounds [M{1-(Fc-CH2)-(3-C6H4)-5-Ph-(C3HN2)}Cl(L)] {with M = Pt and L = dmso (5) or PPh3 (6) or M = Pd and L = PPh3 (9)} and the palladium(II) complex [Pd{1-[(eta(5)-C5H4)Fe{(eta(5)-C5H4)-CH2]-3,5-Ph-2-(C3HN2)}Cl(PPh3)] (10) that arises from a transannulation process. The crystal structures of the free ligand 2 and compounds 4, 7, 9 and 10 are also reported and confirm the cis-disposition of the Cl- ligands in 4 and 7, the trans-arrangement of the phosphorous and the nitrogen atoms in 9 and 10, the mode of binding of the ligand in 4, 7, 9 and 10 and the nature of the metallated carbon atom {C(sp(2), phenyl) in 9 or the C(sp(2), ferrocenyl) of the C5H5 ring in 10}. In order to rationalize the different nature of the products isolated in the reactions of 2 with Pd(AcO)(2) or Na-2[PdCl4] and NaAcO density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the complexes have also been carried out

Anti-inflammatory effects of animal plasma protein supplementation in mice undergoing simultaneous gut and lung inflammation

We aimed to determine whether dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) is effective in mice exposed to a dual S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges inducing simultaneous inflammation in the gut and lung. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed control or SDP-supplemented diets from weaning for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, animals received LPS intranasal followed by SEB intraperitoneal doses. The dual challenge increased leukocyte recruitment into mesenteric lymph nodes and lung tissue, the percentage of activated monocytes and neutrophils, as well as the expression of Tnf-α, Ifn-γ and Il-1β in lung tissue and jejunal mucosa, while SDP attenuated these effects. Moreover, SDP augmented the expression of Il-10, Tgf-β and Foxp3 in these tissues. Supplementation with animal plasma proteins attenuated lung and intestinal inflammation provoked by simultaneous administration of LPS and SEB toxins and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines

Dietary animal plasma proteins improve the intestinal immune response in senescent mice

Increased life expectancy has promoted research on healthy aging. Aging is accompanied by increased non-specific immune activation (inflammaging) which favors the appearance of several disorders. Here, we study whether dietary supplementation with spray-dried animal plasma (SDP), which has been shown to reduce the activation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in rodents challenged by S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB), and can also prevent the effects of aging on immune system homeostasis. We first characterized GALT in a mouse model of accelerated senescence (SAMP8) at different ages (compared to mice resistant to accelerated senescence; SAMR1). Second, we analyzed the SDP effects on GALT response to an SEB challenge in SAMP8 mice. In GALT characterization, aging increased the cell number and the percentage of activated Th lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches (all, p < 0.05), as well as the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in intestinal mucosa (both, p < 0.05). With respect to GALT response to the SEB challenge, young mice showed increased expression of intestinal IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as lymphocyte recruitment and activation (all, p < 0.05). However, the immune response of senescent mice to the SEB challenge was weak, since SEB did not change cell recruitment or the percentage of activated Th lymphocytes. Mice supplemented with SDP showed improved capacity to respond to the SEB challenge, similar to the response of the young mice. These results indicate that senescent mice have an impaired mucosal immune response characterized by unspecific GALT activation and a weak specific immune response. SDP supplementation reduces non-specific basal immune activation, allowing for the generation of specific responses

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Factors Affecting the Cycloplatination of the Chiral Ferrocenylaldimine (SC)-[(η5-C5H5)Fe{(η5-C5H4) C(H)=N CH(Me)(C6H5)}]

The study of the reactivity of the enantiopure ferrocenyl Schiff base (SC)-[FcCH=N CH(Me)(C6H5)] (1) (Fc = (η5-C5H5)Fe(η5-C5H4)) with cis-[PtCl2(dmso)2] under different experimental conditions is reported. Four different types of chiral Pt(II) have been isolated and characterized. One of them is the enantiomerically pure trans-(SC)-[Pt{κ1-N[FcCH=N CH(Me)(C6H5)]}Cl2(dmso)] (2a) in which the imine acts as a neutral N-donor ligand; while the other three are the cycloplatinated complexes: [Pt{κ2-C,N [(C6H4) N=CHFc]}Cl(dmso)] (7a) and the two diastereomers {(Sp,SC) and (Rp,SC)} of [Pt{κ2-C,N[(η5-C5H3) CH=N {CH(Me)(C6H5)}]Fe(η5-C5H5)}Cl(dmso)] (8a and 9a, respectively). Isomers 7a-9a, differ in the nature of the metallated carbon atom [CPh (in 7a) or CFc (in 8a and 9a)] or the planar chirality of the 1,2-disubstituted ferrocenyl unit (8a and 9a). Reactions of 7a 9a with PPh3 gave [Pt{κ2-C,N[(C6H4) N=CHFc]}Cl(PPh3)] (in 7b) and the diastereomers (Sp,SC) and (Rp,SC) of [Pt{κ2-C,N[(η5-C5H3) CH=N {CH(Me)(C6H5)}] Fe(η5-C5H5)}Cl(PPh3)] (8b and 9b, respectively). Comparative studies of the electrochemical properties and cytotoxic activities on MCF7 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell lines of 2a and cycloplatinated complexes 7b-9b are also reported. Theoretical studies based on DFT calculations have also been carried out in order to rationalize the results obtained from the cycloplatination of 1, the stability of the Pt(II) complexes and their electrochemical properties

Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma has prebiotic efects on gut microbiota in mice

In animal models of infammation and in farm animals, dietary inclusion of spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) reduces mucosal infammation. Here, we study whether these efects could be mediated by changes in the intestinal microbiota and if these changes are similar to those induced by oral antibiotics. Weaned 21-day-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups: the CTL group, fed the control diet; the COL group, administered low doses of neomycin and colistin; and the SDP group, supplemented with 8% SDP. After 14 days, analysis of the fecal microbiome showed that the microbiota profles induced by SDP and the antibiotics were very diferent, thus, SDP has prebiotic rather than antibiotic efects. At the phylum level, SDP stimulated the presence of Firmicutes, considerably increasing the lactobacilli population. It also enhanced the growth of species involved in regulatory T-lymphocyte homeostasis and restoration of the mucosal barrier, as well as species negatively correlated with expression of proinfammatory cytokines. At the mucosal level, expression of toll-like receptors Tlr2, Tlr4 and Tlr9, and mucous-related genes Muc2 and Tf3 with regulatory and barrier stability functions, were increased. SDP also increased expression of Il-10 and Tgf-β, as well as markers of macrophages and dendritic cells eventually promoting an immune-tolerant environment

Hàbits i percepció del son dels estudiants de l'assignatura de Fisiologia i fisiopatologia I del grau de Farmàcia

Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/66524Molts estudis han demostrat que els adolescents no dormen suficient i que aquest fet pot causar un rendiment acadèmic baix. Una de les causes de la falta de son és anar a dormir tard, així com també l’exposició a l’ordinador en hores tardanes. La falta de son, a més, produeix una discrepància horària entre l’hora central del son dels dies laborables i la dels festius (jetlag social). En aquest treball s’han estudiat els hàbits de son dels estudiants de segon curs del Grau de Farmàcia, així com la seva percepció sobre la necessitat de dormir, tant en període acadèmic com en període no lectiu. L’enquesta va ser realitzada sense avís previ a la classe dedicada al son, dins de l’assignatura de Fisiologia i Fisiopatologia I, i va ser contestada de manera voluntària i anònima. Es va obtenir una mostra de 180 estudiants. Se’ls hi va demanar els horaris de son i la percepció de falta de son durant els dies laborables i festius, així com les hores davant de l’ordinador abans d’anar a dormir. També se’ls hi va passar un test de matutinitat-vespertinitat per l’estudi del cronotip. Els resultats indiquen que independentment del nombre d’hores de son, un 49% dels estudiants dormen els dies festius entre 1 i 3 hores més, mentre que un 6% ho fa més de 3 hores. Pel que fa a la quantificació a les hores de jetlag social, un 28% mostra una diferència d’’entre 1 i 2 hores, i un 2,5% més de 2 hores. Un 44% dels estudiants està entre 1-3 hores davant de l’ordinador abans d’anar a dormir i un 6,3% més de 3 hores. Els alumnes perceben que els dies laborables els hi manca més d’un hora de son en un 33% dels casos, percentatge que baixa a un 20% en període no lectiu. Atès que la falta de son i el jetlag social s’han associat a un rendiment acadèmic baix i a risc més elevat de patir alteracions metabòliques, és important, a partir del treball sobre dades pròpies de l’alumnat en facultats de ciències de la salut, incidir en la necessitat d'uns bons hàbits de son