541 research outputs found
Observation of a correlated free four-neutron system
A long-standing question in nuclear physics is whether chargeless nuclear systems
can exist. To our knowledge, only neutron stars represent near-pure neutron systems,
where neutrons are squeezed together by the gravitational force to very high
densities. The experimental search for isolated multi-neutron systems has been an
ongoing quest for several decades1, with a particular focus on the four-neutron system
called the tetraneutron, resulting in only a few indications of its existence so far2–4,
leaving the tetraneutron an elusive nuclear system for six decades. Here we report on
the observation of a resonance-like structure near threshold in the four-neutron
system that is consistent with a quasi-bound tetraneutron state existing for a
very short time. The measured energy and width of this state provide a key benchmark
for our understanding of the nuclear force. The use of an experimental approach
based on a knockout reaction at large momentum transfer with a radioactive
high-energy 8
He beam was key.S
Analytical E1 strength functions of two-neutron halo nuclei: the 6-He example
An analytical model is developed to study the spectra of electromagnetic
dissociation of two-neutron halo nuclei without precise knowledge about initial
and final states. Phenomenological three-cluster bound state wave functions,
reproducing the most relevant features of these nuclei, are used along with no
interaction final states. The 6-He nucleus is considered as a test case, and a
good agreement with experimental data concerning the shape of the spectrum and
the magnitude of the strength function is found.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures Accepted for publishing in Nuclear Physics
Three-Body Halos. II. from Two- to Three-Body Asymptotics
The large distance behavior of weakly bound three-body systems is
investigated. The Schr\"{o}dinger equation and the Faddeev equations are
reformulated by an expansion in eigenfunctions of the angular part of a
corresponding operator. The resulting coupled set of effective radial equations
are then derived. Both two- and three-body asymptotic behavior are possible and
their relative importance is studied for systems where subsystems may be bound.
The system of two nucleons outside a core is studied numerically in detail and
the character of possible halo structure is pointed out and investigated.Comment: 16 pages, compressed and uuencoded PosrScript file, IFA-94/3
Analytical approach to electromagnetic processes in loosely bound nuclei: application to 8B
In this paper we develop an analytical model in order to study
electromagnetic processes involving loosely bound neutron--rich and
proton--rich nuclei. We construct a model wave function, to describe loosely
bound few--body systems, having the correct behaviour both at large and small
distances. The continuum states are approximated by regular Coulomb functions.
As a test case we consider the two--body Coulomb dissociation of 8B and, the
inverse, radiative capture reaction. The difference between using a pure
two--body model and the results obtained when incorporating many--body effects,
is investigated. We conclude that the interpretation of experimental data is
highly model dependent and stress the importance of measuring few--body
channels.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physics Letters B. Added a comparison
with a potential model calculation in Fig.
Breakup Reactions of 11Li within a Three-Body Model
We use a three-body model to investigate breakup reactions of 11Li (n+n+9Li)
on a light target. The interaction parameters are constrained by known
properties of the two-body subsystems, the 11Li binding energy and
fragmentation data. The remaining degrees of freedom are discussed. The
projectile-target interactions are described by phenomenological optical
potentials. The model predicts dependence on beam energy and target,
differences between longitudinal and transverse momentum distributions and
provides absolute values for all computed differential cross sections. We give
an almost complete series of observables and compare with corresponding
measurements. Remarkably good agreement is obtained. The relative neutron-9Li
p-wave content is about 40%. A p-resonance, consistent with measurements at
about 0.5 MeV of width about 0.4 MeV, seems to be necessary. The widths of the
momentum distributions are insensitive to target and beam energy with a
tendency to increase towards lower energies. The transverse momentum
distributions are broader than the longitudinal due to the diffraction process.
The absolute values of the cross sections follow the neutron-target cross
sections and increase strongly for beam energies decreasing below 100 MeV/u.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, RevTeX, psfig.st
Momentum Distributions of Particles from Three--Body Halo Fragmentation: Final State Interactions
Momentum distributions of particles from nuclear break-up of fast three-body
halos are calculated consistently, and applied to Li. The same two-body
interactions between the three particles are used to calculate the ground state
structure and the final state of the reaction processes. We reproduce the
available momentum distributions from Li fragmentation, together with
the size and energy of Li, with a neutron-core relative state containing
a -state admixture of 20\%-30\%. The available fragmentation data strongly
suggest an -state in Li at about 50 keV, and indicate a -state
around 500 keV.Comment: 11 pages (RevTeX), 3 Postscript figures (uuencoded postscript file
attached at the end of the LaTeX file). To be published in Phys. Rev.
Solving the inverse problem for determining the optical characteristics of materials
The paper describes a methodology for determining the optical and physical properties of anisotropic thin film materials. This approach allows in the future designing multilayer thin-film coatings with specified properties. An inverse problem of determining the permittivity tensor and the thickness of a thin film deposited on a glass substrate is formulated. Preliminary information on the belonging of a thin-film coating to a certain class can significantly reduce the computing time and increase the accuracy of determining the permittivity tensor over the entire investigated range of wavelengths and film thickness at the point of reflection and transmission measurement Depending on the goals, it is possible to formulate and, therefore, solve various inverse problems: o determination of the permittivity tensor and specification of the thickness of a thick (up to 1 cm) substrate, often isotropic; o determination of the permittivity tensor of a thin isotropic or anisotropic film deposited on a substrate with known optical properties. The complexity of solving each of the problems is very different and each problem requires its own specific set of measured input data. The ultimate results of solving the inverse problem are verified by comparing the calculated transmission and reflection with those measured for arbitrary angles of incidence and reflection.В работе изложена методология определения оптических и физических свойств анизотропных тонкоплёночных материалов. Такой подход позволяет в дальнейшем проектировать многослойные тонкоплёночные покрытия с заданными свойствами. Сформулирована обратная задача определения тензора диэлектрической проницаемости и толщины тонкой плёнки, нанесённой на стеклянную подложку, с известными оптическими свойствами и толщиной. Предварительная информация о принадлежности тонкоплёночного покрытия к определённому классу позволяет значительно сократить время расчёта и увеличить точность определения тензора диэлектрической проницаемости на всём исследуемом интервале длин волн и толщины плёнки в точке измерения отражения и пропускания. В зависимости от поставленных целей возможна постановка и, следовательно, решение различных обратных задач: o определение тензора диэлектрической проницаемости и уточнение толщины толстой (до 1 см) подложки, часто изотропной; o определение тензора диэлектрической проницаемости тонкой изотропной или анизотропной плёнки, нанесённой на подложку, с известными оптическими свойствами. Сложность решения каждой из задач весьма различна и каждая требует своего определённого набора измеренных входных данных. Окончательные результаты решения обратной задачи верифицируются с помощью сравнения вычисленных коэффициентов пропускания и отражения с измеренными для произвольных углов падения и отражения
Synthesis and Nanoscale Characterization of LiNbO3 Thin Films Deposited on Al2O3 Substrate by RF Magnetron Sputtering under Electric Field
LiNbO3 thin films were deposited on Al2O3 substrates by RF-magnetron sputtering with in-situ electric
field to study the self-polarization effect. The films have been characterized crystallographically by x-ray
diffraction, and morphologically by atomic force microscopy. The films contain crystallites of LiNbO3 with
preferable orientation [012] along the normal to the Al2O3 substrate surface (012). Piezoresponse force
microscopy was used to study vertical and lateral polarization direction in LiNbO3 thin films. The analysis
of the histograms of vertical piezoresponse images allowed to reveal self-polarization effect in films. The
local piezoelectric hysteresis performed on the nanometer scale indicates switching behavior of polarization
for LiNbO3 thin film
The six-nucleon Yakubovsky equations for 6He
The six-nucleon problem for the bound state is formulated in the Yakubovsky
scheme. Hints for a numerical implementation are provided.Comment: 25 pages, 0 figure
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