Pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin, after one bolus oral administration in buffaloes calves: Preliminary study.

Buffalo breeding system has a great economic importance in South-America, principally in marginal or sub-tropical lands. The therapeutic recommendations applied to a single ruminant species are extrapolated to others but important differences among those were recognized. Marbofloxacin bolus is indicated in the treatment of neonatal gastroenteritis caused by Escherichia coli, in calves (25-50kg). The aim of this study was determined the pharmacokinetic behaviour of marbofloxacin after oral administration, as bolus, following the label approved recommendations to cattle. One bolus (50 mg) was administered in two clinically healthy buffaloes (two days-old, 48-50kg). Plasma concentrations of the marbofloxacin were determined by a HPLC/u.v. method. After oral administration, the values obtained were: tmax=0.5-6h, Cmax= 1.19-0.04μg/mL, AUCt=1.57-0.38μg·h/mL and MRTt= 3.34-6.92h, for calves 1 and 2 respectively. Fluoroquinolones act by concentration dependant killing mechanism, so high plasma concentration initially is important. For this reason, the recommended dose of 1mg/kg is inadequate in buffaloes

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodinamics Integration of Sulfametazine in buffalo and cattle

Sulfamethazine is a sulfonamide that presents a broad spectrum of activity, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Chlamydia spp. and some protozoa and it commonly used in ruminants. The aim of our work was to study the possible inter-species differences in the pharmacokinetic behavior and pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic(PK/PD) integration of sulfamethazine after intravenous administration in buffalo and bovine. A single intravenous dose of 60 mg/kg was administered to six bovine and five buffalo (3-4 month old and weighting 120&plusmn;15kg). Plasma concentrations of sulfamethazine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Differences between bovine and buffalo calves were found in t&frac12;&lambda; (buffaloes: t1/2&lambda; =6.17&plusmn;0.58h; bovine t1/2&lambda;=7.46&plusmn;1.05h), Cl (buffaloes: 45.31ml/h&middot;kg; bovines 30.34ml/h&middot;kg). As a consequence of the lower clearance in bovines, the AUC and t&frac12;&lambda; values were higher in this species. Important differences between bovine and buffalo exist for microorganisms that have a MIC value<32&mu;g/ml related to time over minimum inhibitory concentration and weighted AUC

Virological outcome among HIV infected patients transferred from pediatric care to adult units in Madrid, Spain (1997–2017)

The aim of this transversal study was to describe the virological and immunological features of HIV-infected youths transferred from pediatric to adult care units since 1997 vs. the non-transferred patients from the Madrid Cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents in Spain. We included 106 non-transferred and 184 transferred patients under clinical follow-up in 17 public hospitals in Madrid by the end of December 2017. Virological and immunological outcomes were compared in transferred vs. non-transferred patients. ART drug resistance mutations and HIV-variants were analyzed in all subjects with available resistance pol genotypes and/or genotypic resistance profiles. Among the study cohort, 133 (72.3%) of 184 transferred and 75 (70.7%) of 106 non-transferred patients had available resistance genotypes. Most (88.9%) of transferred had ART experience at sampling. A third (33.3%) had had a triple-class experience. Acquired drug resistance (ADR) prevalence was significantly higher in pretreated transferred than non-transferred patients (71.8% vs. 44%; p = 0.0009), mainly to NRTI (72.8% vs. 31.1%; p < 0.0001) and PI (29.1% vs. 12%; p = 0.0262). HIV-1 non-B variants were less frequent in transferred vs. non-transferred (6.9% vs. 32%; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the frequent resistant genotypes found in transferred youths justifies the reinforcement of HIV resistance monitoring after the transition to avoid future therapeutic failures

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

© 2020 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdBackground: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients