Finite-temperature scalar fields and the cosmological constant in an Einstein universe

We study the back reaction effect of massless minimally coupled scalar field at finite temperatures in the background of Einstein universe. Substituting for the vacuum expectation value of the components of the energy-momentum tensor on the RHS of the Einstein equation, we deduce a relationship between the radius of the universe and its temperature. This relationship exhibit a maximum temperature, below the Planck scale, at which the system changes its behaviour drastically. The results are compared with the case of a conformally coupled field. An investigation into the values of the cosmological constant exhibit a remarkable difference between the conformally coupled case and the minimally coupled one.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

Evidence for topological nonequilibrium in magnetic configurations

We use direct numerical simulations to study the evolution, or relaxation, of magnetic configurations to an equilibrium state. We use the full single-fluid equations of motion for a magnetized, non-resistive, but viscous fluid; and a Lagrangian approach is used to obtain exact solutions for the magnetic field. As a result, the topology of the magnetic field remains unchanged, which makes it possible to study the case of topological nonequilibrium. We find two cases for which such nonequilibrium appears, indicating that these configurations may develop singular current sheets.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Developing effective practice learning for tomorrow's social workers

This paper considers some of the changes in social work education in the UK, particularly focusing on practice learning in England. The changes and developments are briefly identified and examined in the context of what we know about practice learning. The paper presents some findings from a small scale qualitative study of key stakeholders involved in practice learning and education in social work and their perceptions of these anticipated changes, which are revisited at implementation. The implications for practice learning are discussed

Decoherence and Entanglement in Two-mode Squeezed Vacuum States

I investigate the decoherence of two-mode squeezed vacuum states by analyzing the relative entropy of entanglement. I consider two sources of decoherence: (i) the phase damping and (ii) the amplitude damping due to the coupling to the thermal environment. In particular, I give the exact value of the relative entropy of entanglement for the phase damping model. For the amplitude damping model, I give an upper bound for the relative entropy of entanglement, which turns out to be a good approximation for the entanglement measure in usual experimental situations.Comment: 5 pages, RevTex, 3 eps figure

Bose-Einstein condensation for interacting scalar fields in curved spacetime

We consider the model of self-interacting complex scalar fields with a rigid gauge invariance under an arbitrary gauge group $G$. In order to analyze the phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation finite temperature and the possibility of a finite background charge is included. Different approaches to derive the relevant high-temperature behaviour of the theory are presented.Comment: 28 pages, LaTe

An Overview of Advanced Elastomeric Seal Development and Testing Capabilities at NASA Glenn Research Center

NASA is developing advanced space-rated elastomeric seals to support future space exploration missions to low Earth orbit, the Moon, near Earth asteroids, and other destinations. This includes seals for a new docking system and vehicle hatches. These seals must exhibit extremely low leak rates to ensure that astronauts have sufficient breathable air for extended missions. Seal compression loads must be below prescribed limits so as not to overload the mechanisms that compress them, and seal adhesion forces must be low to allow the sealed interface to be separated when required (e.g., during undocking or hatch opening). NASA Glenn Research Center has developed a number of unique test fixtures to measure the leak rates and compression and adhesion loads of candidate seal designs under simulated thermal, vacuum, and engagement conditions. Tests can be performed on full-scale seals with diameters on the order of 50 in., subscale seals that are about 12 in. in diameter, and smaller specimens such as O-rings. Test conditions include temperatures ranging from -238 to +662F (-150 to +350C), operational pressure gradients, and seal-on-seal or seal-on-flange mating configurations. Nominal and off-nominal conditions (e.g., incomplete seal compression) can also be simulated. This paper describes the main design features and capabilities of each test apparatus and provides an overview of advanced seal development activities at NASA Glenn

Renormalization-Group Improved Effective Potential for Interacting Theories with Several Mass Scales in Curved Spacetime

The renormalization group (RG) is used in order to obtain the RG improved effective potential in curved spacetime. This potential is explicitly calculated for the Yukawa model and for scalar electrodynamics, i.e. theories with several (namely, more than one) mass scales, in a space of constant curvature. Using the $\lambda \varphi^4$-theory on a general curved spacetime as an example, we show how it is possible to find the RG improved effective Lagrangian in curved spacetime. As specific applications, we discuss the possibility of curvature induced phase transitions in the Yukawa model and the effective equations (back-reaction problem) for the $\lambda \varphi^4$-theory on a De Sitter background.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX file, UB-ECM-PF 93/2

Rapid destruction of protoplanetary discs due to external photoevaporation in star-forming regions

We analyse N-body simulations of star-forming regions to investigate the effects of external far- and extreme-ultraviolet photoevaporation from massive stars on protoplanetary discs. By varying the initial conditions of simulated star-forming regions, such as the spatial distribution, net bulk motion (virial ratio), and density, we investigate which parameters most affect the rate at which discs are dispersed due to external photoevaporation. We find that disc dispersal due to external photoevaporation is faster in highly substructured star-forming regions than in smooth and centrally concentrated regions. Subvirial star-forming regions undergoing collapse also show higher rates of disc dispersal than regions that are in virial equilibrium or are expanding. In moderately dense (∼100 M⊙ pc−3) regions, half of all protoplanetary discs with radii ≥100 au are photoevaporated within 1 Myr, three times faster than is currently suggested by observational studies. Discs in lower density star-forming regions (∼10 M⊙ pc−3) survive for longer, but half are still dispersed on short time-scales (∼2 Myr). This demonstrates that the initial conditions of the star-forming regions will greatly impact the evolution and lifetime of protoplanetary discs. These results also imply that either gas giant planet formation is extremely rapid and occurs before the gas component of discs is  evaporated, or gas giants only form in low-density star-forming regions where no massive stars are present to photoevaporate gas from protoplanetary discs

An Immunocompetent Mouse Model of HPV16(+) Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is increasing and implicated in more than 60% of all oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPSCCs). Although whole-genome, transcriptome, and proteome analyses have identified altered signaling pathways in HPV-induced HNSCCs, additional tools are needed to investigate the unique pathobiology of OPSCC. Herein, bioinformatics analyses of human HPV(+) HNSCCs revealed that all tumors express full-length E6 and identified molecular subtypes based on relative E6 and E7 expression levels. To recapitulate the levels, stoichiometric ratios, and anatomic location of E6/E7 expression, we generated a genetically engineered mouse model whereby balanced expression of E6/E7 is directed to the oropharyngeal epithelium. The addition of a mutant PIK3CAE545K allele leads to the rapid development of pre-malignant lesions marked by immune cell accumulation, and a subset of these lesions progress to OPSCC. This mouse provides a faithful immunocompetent model for testing treatments and investigating mechanisms of immunosuppression