Aroma precursors of grapes: contribution of variety and vineyard traning system to port wine aroma

In order to evaluate the influence of the vine training system in the composition in terpenes, norisoprenoids and their precursors (carotenoids and glycosidic molecules), these compounds were quantified in grapes and Port wines belonging to two varieties: Touriga Nacional and Touriga Franca from Douro Region. The double cordon LYS 2/3 system was compared with the traditional method, the vertical shoot positioning VSP system. Touriga Nacional grapes and wines have higher contents in carotenoids, free and glycosylated fractions of terpenic and norisoprenoids compounds than Touriga Franca. In general, LYS 2/3 training system produced grapes and wines with high content in glycosylated fractions of terpenes and nor-isoprenoids, being more appropriate to the production of Port wines, which are submitted to an aging process

Experimental Dynamical Variables Of A Chaotic Co2 Laser With Saturable Absorber

A weak continuous beam of a CO2 laser was used to probe the time changing gain and absorption inside the cavity of a passive Q-switching CO2 laser with SF6 gas in an intracavity saturable absorber cell. The probe variations detected simultaneously with the laser intensity pulses gave experimental projection planes of the chaotic system attractor.55324632466Tachikawa, M., Hong, F.L., Tanii, K., Shimizu, T., (1988) Phys. Rev. Lett., 60, p. 2266Dangoisse, D., Bekkali, A., Papoff, F., Glorieux, P., (1988) Europhys. Lett., 6, p. 335Zambon, B., De Tomasi, F., Hennequin, D., Arimondo, E., (1989) Phys. Rev. A, 40, p. 3782Lefranc, M., Hennequin, D., Dangoisse, D., (1991) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 8, p. 239Zambon, B., (1991) Phys. Rev. A, 44, p. 688Papoff, F., Fioretti, A., Arimondo, E., Mindlin, G.B., Solari, H., Gilmore, R., (1992) Phys. Rev. Lett., 68, p. 1128Alcantara Jr., P., Guidoni, L., Barsella, A., Fioretti, A., Arimondo, E., (1995) J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 12, p. 1326. , and references cited thereinLiu, Y., Rios Leite, J.R., (1992) Opt. Commun., 88, p. 391Liu, Y., Rios Leite, J.R., (1994) Phys. Lett. A, 191, p. 134Sugawara, T., Tachikawa, M., Tsukamoto, T., Shimizu, T., (1994) Phys. Rev. Lett., 72, p. 3502Liu, Y., De Oliveira, P.C., Danailov, M.B., Rios Leite, J.R., (1994) Phys. Rev. A, 50, p. 3464Bobin, B., Borde, Ch.J., Borde, J., Breant, Ch., (1987) J. Mol. Spectrosc., 121, p. 91Di Lorenzo-Filho, O., De Oliveira, P.C., Rios Leite, J.R., (1991) Opt. Lett., 16, p. 1768Witteman, W.J., (1987) The CO2 Laser, , Springer-Verlag, New YorkDangoisse, D., Glorieux, P., Hennequin, D., (1990) Phys. Rev. A, 42, p. 1551Grassberger, P., Procaccia, I., (1983) Phys. Rev. Lett., 50, p. 346Lefranc, M., Hennequin, D., Glorieux, P., (1992) Phys. Lett. A, 163, p. 26

Fatores de risco para a transmissao vertical do HIV-1 e a influencia da terapia antirretroviral (ARV) no desfecho gestacional

In the absence of intervention, the rate of vertical transmission of HIV can range from 15-45%. With the inclusion of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy and the choice of delivery route this amounts to less than 2%. However ARV use during pregnancy has generated several questions regarding the adverse effects of the gestational and neonatal outcome. This study aims to analyze the risk factors for vertical transmission of HIV-1 seropositive pregnant women living in Rio Grande and the influence of the use of ARVs in pregnancy outcome. Among the 262 pregnant women studied the rate of vertical transmission of HIV was found to be 3.8%. Regarding the VT, there was a lower risk of transmission when antiretroviral drugs were used and prenatal care was conducted at the referral service. However, the use of ART did not influence the outcome of pregnancy. However, initiation of prenatal care after the first trimester had an influence on low birth weight, as well as performance of less than six visits increased the risk of prematurity. Therefore, the risk factors analyzed in this study appear to be related to the realization of inadequate pre-natal and maternal behavior.Na ausência de intervenção, as taxas de transmissão vertical do HIV podem variar de 15-45%. Com a inserção dos antirretrovirais durante a gestação e a escolha da via de parto estas taxas chegam a menos de 2%. No entanto o uso de ARV na gestação tem gerado várias duvidas quanto aos efeitos adversos causados ao desfecho gestacional e ao neonato. Este estudo objetiva analisar os fatores de risco da transmissão vertical do HIV-1 em gestantes soropositivas atendidas na cidade do Rio Grande e a influência do uso do ARV no desfecho gestacional. Entre as 262 gestantes estudadas a taxa de transmissão vertical do HIV encontrada foi de 3,8%. Em relação à TV, foi observado menor risco de transmissão quando esta havia feito uso de antirretrovirais e o pré-natal era realizado no serviço de referência. Entretanto, o uso de ARV não influenciou negativamente o desfecho gestacional. No entanto, o inicio do pré-natal após o primeiro trimestre teve influencia sobre o baixo peso ao nascer, assim como a realização de menos de seis consultas aumentou o risco de prematuridade. Portanto, os fatores de risco analisados neste estudo parecem estar relacionados à realização não adequada do pré-natal e ao comportamento materno

Description Of Rhodnius Marabaensis Sp. N. (hemiptera, Reduviidade, Triatominae) From Pará State, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Rhodnius marabaensis sp. n. was collected on 12 May 2014 in the Murumurú Environmental Reserve in the city of Marabá, Pará State, Brazil. This study was based on previous consultation of morphological descriptions of 19 Rhodnius species and compared to the identification key for the genus Rhodnius. The examination included specimens from 18 Rhodnius species held in the Brazilian National and International Triatomine Taxonomy Reference Laboratory in the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The morphological characteristics of the head, thorax, abdomen, genitalia, and eggs have been determined. Rhodnius prolixus and R. robustus were examined in more detail because the BLAST analysis of a cyt-b sequence shows they are closely related to the new species, which also occurs in the northern region of Brazil. The most notable morphological features that distinguish R. marabaensis sp. n. are the keel-shaped apex of the head, the length of the second segment of the antennae, the shapes of the prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum, the set of spots on the abdomen, the male genitalia, the posterior and ventral surfaces of the external female genitalia, and the morphological characteristics of the eggs. Rhodnius jacundaensis Serra, Serra and Von Atzingen (1980) nomen nudum specimens deposited at the Maraba Cultural Center Foundation - MCCF were examined and considered as a synonym of R. marabaensis sp. n. © Eder dos Santos Souza et al.201662145622010/15386-3, FAPESP, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo23038-005285/2011-2012, CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

CCR5D32 mutation in three Brazilian populations of predominantly Sub-Saharan African ancestry

This study reports the frequencies of the CCR5D32 mutation of the beta-chemokine 5 gene and discusses the possible effects of past and recent gene flow in three quilombo remnants (Brazilians communities with anthropological African ancestry whose ancestors were escaped slaves): Rio das Rãs, Mocambo, and São Gonçalo in the northeastern region of Brazil. The CCR5D32 allele frequency of the Mocambo population was significantly higher (5.6%) than that found in the Rio das Rãs (1%) and São Gonçalo (0.9%) populations. These differences may reflect different proportions of parental populations in the founders individuals, a founder-effect and/or different histories of inter-ethnic contact. The frequency of the CCR5D32 allele in the Mocambo sample is similar to that found in those urban Brazilian populations which have a large amount of European genetic input, indicating a European contribution to the gene pool of this population and suggesting that, perhaps since its foundation, Mocambo has had a high level of admixture or experienced a founder-effect

Conformally flat spacetimes and Weyl frames

We discuss the concepts of Weyl and Riemann frames in the context of metric theories of gravity and state the fact that they are completely equivalent as far as geodesic motion is concerned. We apply this result to conformally flat spacetimes and show that a new picture arises when a Riemannian spacetime is taken by means of geometrical gauge transformations into a Minkowskian flat spacetime. We find out that in the Weyl frame gravity is described by a scalar field. We give some examples of how conformally flat spacetime configurations look when viewed from the standpoint of a Weyl frame. We show that in the non-relativistic and weak field regime the Weyl scalar field may be identified with the Newtonian gravitational potential. We suggest an equation for the scalar field by varying the Einstein-Hilbert action restricted to the class of conformally-flat spacetimes. We revisit Einstein and Fokker's interpretation of Nordstr\"om scalar gravity theory and draw an analogy between this approach and the Weyl gauge formalism. We briefly take a look at two-dimensional gravity as viewed in the Weyl frame and address the question of quantizing a conformally flat spacetime by going to the Weyl frame.Comment: LATEX - 18 page

Bianchi type I space and the stability of inflationary Friedmann-Robertson-Walker space

Stability analysis of the Bianchi type I universe in pure gravity theory is studied in details. We first derive the non-redundant field equation of the system by introducing the generalized Bianchi type I metric. This non-redundant equation reduces to the Friedmann equation in the isotropic limit. It is shown further that any unstable mode of the isotropic perturbation with respect to a de Sitter background is also unstable with respect to anisotropic perturbations. Implications to the choice of physical theories are discussed in details in this paper.Comment: 5 pages, some comment adde