Increase In The Mortality Associated With The Presence Of Diabetes Mellitus Japanese-brazilians [incremento Na Mortalidade Associada à Presença De Diabetes Mellitus Em Nipo-brasileiros]

Objective: As part of a study involving Japanese migrants, living in a developed city in the state of S. Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, a four-year experience of mortality among diabetic and non-diabetic subjects is described and their respective death rates are compared. In 1993, a cohort of 530 Japanese-Brazilians (236 issei or 1st generation and 294 nisei or 2nd generation) of both sexes, aged 40 from to 79 years old, were identified. Research design and Method: At that time, 91 (17%) were classified as non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (NIDDM), 90 (17%) with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 349 (66%) as normal, according to WHO criteria. In 1996, families were questioned with a view detecting the deaths wich had occurred among the subjects previously studied. This information, in addition to that from death certificates was used to record the date and the causes of death. Mortality rates for all causes and for specific causes (circulatory and renal diseases) were obtained for the three groups of subjects, by glucose tolerance status. Proportional hazard regression models were used to compare the mortality rates, adjusted for several covariables (gender, age, generation, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and serum creatinine). Results and Conclusions: Crude mortality rate ratios for all causes and specific causes, for NIDDM, and normal subjects were 2.95 (95% CI: 1.10 - 7.62) and 4.57 (95% CI: 1.31- 16.48), respectively. No difference was observed between the crude mortality rate ratio for IGT and normal subjects. After simultaneous adjustments for the covariates, higher mortality rates for specific causes were observed among NIDDM than in the normal subjects (mortality rates ratio: 3.86; 95% CI: 1.11 - 13.38). These results in Japanese-Brazilians are consistent with previous reports of increased mortality in other diabetic subjects, thus confirming the adverse effect of this metabolic disturbance on mortality among diabetic subjects.322118124Carter, J.S., Wiggins, C.L., Becker, T.M., Key, C.R., Samet, J.M., Diabetes mortality among New Mexico American Indian, Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic populations, 1958-1987 (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 306-309Ferreira, S.G., Iunes, M., Franco, L.J., Iochida, L.C., Hirai, A., Vivolo, M.A., Disturbances of glucose and lipid metabolism in first and second generation Japanese-Brazilians (1996) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 34, pp. 59-63Franco, L.J., Diabetes in Japanese-Brazilians - Influence of the acculturation process (1996) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 34, pp. 51-57Franco, L.J., Iochida, L.C., Nameri, C., Pagliaro, H., Ferreira, S.R.G., De que morrem os diabéticos no Estado de São Paulo? Análise de causas múltiplas de óbito em 1992 (1995) Rev. Assoc. Lat.-Am. Diabetes, 3, p. 87. , abstract 35Fujimoto, W.Y., The growing prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes in migrant Asian populations and its implications for Asia (1992) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 15, pp. 167-184Geiss, L.S., Herman, W.H., Mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes (1995) Diabetes in America. 2nd Ed., pp. 233-257. , Bethesda, National Institutes of Health, chapter 11, NIH Publication 95-1468Gotlieb, S.L.D., Mortalidade em migrantes japoneses residentes no Município de São Paulo (1990) Rev. Saúde Pública, 24, pp. 453-467Hanis, C.L., Chu, H.L., Lawson, K., Hewett-Emmett, D., Barton, S.A., Schull, W.J., Garcia, C.A., Mortality of Mexican Americans with NIDDM (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 82-89Harris, E.K., Albert, A., (1991) Survivorship Analysis for Clinical Studies, , New York, Marcel DekkerKaplan, N.M., The deadly quartet: Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension (1989) Arch. Intern. 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Saúde Pública, 25, pp. 435-442Nelson, R.G., Knowler, W.C., Pettitt, D.J., Bennett, P.H., Kidney diseases in diabetes (1995) Diabetes in America, 2nd Ed., pp. 349-400. , Bethesda, National Institutes of Health, chapter 16, NIH Publication, 95-1468Newman, J.M., Destefano, F., Valway, S.E., German, R.R., Muneta, B., Diabetes-associated mortality in Native Americans (1993) Diabetes Care, 16, pp. 297-299Rothman, K.J., (1986) Modern Epidemiology, , Boston, Little Brown and Company(1995) STATACORP: Stata Statistical Software: Release 4.0, , College Station, TX Stata Corporation(1985) Diabetes Mellitus: Report, , Geneva, World Health Organization, 1985. WHO Technical Report Series, 727(1994) Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus, , Geneva, World Health Organization, WHO Technical Report Series, 844Wingard, D.L., Barrett-Connor, E., Heart disease and diabetes (1995) Diabetes in America. 2nd Ed., pp. 429-448. , chapter 19, NIH Publication, 95-146

The CHORUS experiment to search for ν_μ→ν_τ oscillation

A new experimental apparatus, designed principally for a high sensitivity search for νμ → ντ oscillation, has been successlly constructed and made operational by the CHORUS Collaboration for the CERN-WA95 experiment. It consists of a large emulsion target, a scintillating fiber tracker system with optoelectronics read-out, an air-core magnet, a set of trigger hodoscopes, a calorimeter based on the lead/scintillating-fiber technique, and a muon spectrometer. The design, construction and performance of the entire apparatus and of the different detectors are described

The prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT detector: KM3NeT Collaboration

A prototype detection unit of the KM3NeT deep-sea neutrino telescope has been installed at 3500m depth 80 km offshore the Italian coast. KM3NeT in its final configuration will contain several hundreds of detection units. Each detection unit is a mechanical structure anchored to the sea floor, held vertical by a submerged buoy and supporting optical modules for the detection of Cherenkov light emitted by charged secondary particles emerging from neutrino interactions. This prototype string implements three optical modules with 31 photomultiplier tubes each. These optical modules were developed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to enhance the detection capability of neutrino interactions. The prototype detection unit was operated since its deployment in May 2014 until its decommissioning in July 2015. Reconstruction of the particle trajectories from the data requires a nanosecond accuracy in the time calibration. A procedure for relative time calibration of the photomultiplier tubes contained in each optical module is described. This procedure is based on the measured coincidences produced in the sea by the $$^{40}$$40K background light and can easily be expanded to a detector with several thousands of optical modules. The time offsets between the different optical modules are obtained using LED nanobeacons mounted inside them. A set of data corresponding to 600 h of livetime was analysed. The results show good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations of the expected optical background and the signal from atmospheric muons. An almost background-free sample of muons was selected by filtering the time correlated signals on all the three optical modules. The zenith angle of the selected muons was reconstructed with a precision of about 3$$^\circ$$∘. © 2016, The Author(s)

Search for Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Coincidences Using HAWC and ANTARES Data

In the quest for high-energy neutrino sources, the Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Net- work (AMON) has implemented a new search by combining data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory and the Astronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss environ- mental RESearch (ANTARES) neutrino telescope. Using the same analysis strategy as in a previous detector combination of HAWC and IceCube data, we perform a search for coincidences in HAWC and ANTARES events that are below the threshold for sending public alerts in each individual detector. Data were collected between July 2015 and February 2020 with a livetime of 4.39 years. Over this time period, 3 coincident events with an estimated false-alarm rate of $< 1$ coincidence per year were found. This number is consistent with background expectations