Layered Fabrication of Branched Networks Using Lindenmayer Systems

A current challenge impeding the growth of bone tissue engineering is the lack of functional scaffolds of geometric sizes greater than 10mm due to the inability of cells to survive deep within the scaffold. It is hypothesized that these scaffolds must have an inbuilt nutrient distribution network to sustain the uniform growth of cells. In this paper, we seek to enhance the design and layered fabrication of scaffold internal architecture through the development of Lindenmayer systems, a graphical language based theory to create nutrient delivery networks. The scaffolds are fabricated using the Texas Instruments DLP™ system through UV‐photopolymerization to produce polyethylene glycol hydrogels with internal branch structures. The paper will discuss the Lindenmayer system, process planning algorithms, layered fabrication of samples, challenges and future tasks.Mechanical Engineerin

Relationship between antihypertensive medications and cognitive impairment: Part II. Review of Physiology and animal studies

Purpose of Review There is an established association between hypertension and increased risk of poor cognitive performance and dementia including Alzheimer’s disease; however, associations between antihypertensive medications (AHM) and dementia risk are less clear. An increased interest in AHM has resulted in expanding publications; however, none of the recent reviews provide comprehensive review. Our extensive review includes 24 mechanistic animal and human studies published over the last 5 years assessing relationship between AHM and cognitive function. Recent Findings All classes of AHM showed similar result patterns in animal studies. The mechanism by which AHM exert their effect was extensively studied by evaluating well-established pathways of AD disease process, including amyloid beta (Aβ), vascular, oxidative stress and inflammation pathways, but only few studies evaluated the blood pressure lowering effect on the AD disease process. Summary Methodological limitations of the studies prevent comprehensive conclusions prior to further work evaluating AHM in animals and larger human observational studies, and selecting those with promising results for future RCTs

Analisis Sadd Adh Dhari'ah Terhadap Ketentuan Pbi 13/23/2011 Tentang Penerapan Manajemen Risiko Bank Umum Syariah Dan Unit USAha Syariah

The provisions are used to analyze whether there is a match on 10 risk in the provision of PBI 13/23/2011 About the Risk Management Implementation Islamic Banks and Sharia Business unit. On Risk Management Islamic Banks and Sharia Business unit. This mindset rests on theories sadd al-dhar>iah then associated with the provision of PBI 13/23/2011 About the Application of Risk Management Commercial Bank Sharia and Unit of a special nature. The results showed that the implementation of risk management provisions 13/23/2011 About the Application of Risk Management for Islamic Banks and Sharia Business Unit stipulated in Article 2, 3, 12, and 13. in the application of risk management is no risk 8 of 10 Islamic banks risk adopted from conventional banks, according to the 8 risk of exposure that can be applied to conventional banks in Islamic banks with risk management provisions should be operational by the principles of sharia

Relationship between antihypertensive medications and cognitive impairment: Part I. review of human studies and clinical trials

Purpose of review: There is an established association between hypertension and increased risk of poor cognitive performance and dementia including Alzheimer’s disease; however, associations between antihypertensive medications (AHMs) and dementia risk are less consistent. An increased interest in AHM has resulted in expanding publications; however, none of the recent reviews are comprehensive. Our extensive review includes 15 observational and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published over the last 5 years, assessing the relationship between AHM and cognitive impairment. Recent findings: All classes of AHM showed similar result patterns in human studies with the majority of study results reporting point estimates below one and only a small number of studies (N = 15) reporting statistically significant results in favor of a specific class. Summary: Only a small number of studies reported statistically significant results in favor of a specific class of AHM. Methodological limitations of the studies prevent definitive conclusions. Further work is now needed to evaluate the class of AHM and cognitive outcomes in future RCTs, with a particular focus on the drugs with the promising results in both animals and human observational studies

Impact of Macroeconomic Announcements on Implied Volatility Slope of SPX Options and VIX

Cataloged from PDF version of article.This paper examines the impact of macroeconomic announcements on the high-frequency behavior of the observed implied volatility skew of S&P 500 index options and VIX. We document that macroeconomic announcements affect VIX significantly and slope at a lesser extent. We also find evidence that good and bad announcements significantly and asymmetrically change implied volatility slope and VIX. 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Development of a community of inquiry in online and blended learning contexts

AbstractThis paper discusses findings of a mixed method research project with the goal to study the development of a community of inquiry in online and blended learning environments. A graduate course delivered online and blended format was the focus of the study. Data was gathered from the Community of Inquiry Survey and transcript analysis of online discussions to explore the developmental differences on each presence (social, teaching and cognitive). The results showed: significant differences on social and cognitive presence between two course formats and higher perceptions of the presences in blended course

Infrared luminescence of annealed germanosilicate layers

Cataloged from PDF version of article.In the light of growing importance of semiconductor nanocrystals for photonics, we report on the growth and characterization of annealed germanosilicate layers used for Ge nanocrystal formation. The films are grown using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and post-annealed in nitrogen at temperatures between 600 and 1200 degrees C for as long as 2 h. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) has been used to characterize the samples both structurally and optically. Formation of Ge precipitates in the germanosilicate layers have been observed using Raman spectroscopy for a variety of PECVD growth parameters, annealing temperatures and times. Ge-Ge mode at similar to 300 cm(-1) is clearly observed at temperatures as low as 700 degrees C for annealing durations for 45 min. Raman results indicate that upon annealing for extended periods of time at temperatures above 900 degrees C; nanocrystals of few tens of nanometers in diameter inside the oxide matrix and precipitation and interdiffusion of Ge, forming SiGe alloy at the silicon and oxide interface take place. Low temperature PL spectroscopy has been used to observe luminescence from these samples in the vicinity of 1550 nm, an important wavelength for telecommunications. Observed luminescence quenches at 140 K. The photoluminescence data displays three peaks closely interrelated at approximately 1490,, 1530 and 1610 nm. PL spectra persist even after removing the oxide layer indicating that the origin of the infrared luminescent centers are not related to the Ge nanocrystals in the oxide layer. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Characterization of an embedded RF-MEMS switch

An RF-MEMS capacitive switch for mm-wave integrated circuits, embedded in the BEOL of 0.25μm BiCMOS process, has been characterized. First, a mechanical model based on Finite-Element-Method (FEM) was developed by taking the residual stress of the thin film membrane into account. The pull-in voltage and the capacitance values obtained with the mechanical model agree very well with the measured values. Moreover, S-parameters were extracted using Electromagnetic (EM) solver. The data observed in this way also agree well with the experimental ones measured up to 110GHz. The developed RF model was applied to a transmit/receive (T/R) antenna switch design. The results proved the feasibility of using the FEM model in circuit simulations for the development of RF-MEMS switch embedded, single-chip multi-band RF ICs

Comparative Perturbation-Based Modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding with Host Receptor and Neutralizing Antibodies: Structurally Adaptable Allosteric Communication Hotspots Define Spike Sites Targeted by Global Circulating Mutations

In this study, we used an integrative computational approach to examine molecular mechanisms and determine functional signatures underlying the role of functional residues in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that are targeted by novel mutational variants and antibody-escaping mutations. Atomistic simulations and functional dynamics analysis are combined with alanine scanning and mutational sensitivity profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein complexes with the ACE2 host receptor and the REGN-COV2 antibody cocktail(REG10987+REG10933). Using alanine scanning and mutational sensitivity analysis, we have shown that K417, E484, and N501 residues correspond to key interacting centers with a significant degree of structural and energetic plasticity that allow mutants in these positions to afford the improved binding affinity with ACE2. Through perturbation-based network modeling and community analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein complexes with ACE2, we demonstrate that E406, N439, K417, and N501 residues serve as effector centers of allosteric interactions and anchor major intermolecular communities that mediate long-range communication in the complexes. The results provide support to a model according to which mutational variants and antibody-escaping mutations constrained by the requirements for host receptor binding and preservation of stability may preferentially select structurally plastic and energetically adaptable allosteric centers to differentially modulate collective motions and allosteric interactions in the complexes with the ACE2 enzyme and REGN-COV2 antibody combination. This study suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein may function as a versatile and functionally adaptable allosteric machine that exploits the plasticity of allosteric regulatory centers to fine-tune response to antibody binding without compromising the activity of the spike protein