Maternal and fetal outcome in primigravida with unengaged head at term in labour

Background: Unengaged head in a primigravida at term gestation at the onset of labor is considered as an obstetric risk factor for dysfunctional labor. Careful monitoring of the progress of labor and timely medical intervention reduced the risk of dysfunctional labor and Cesarean delivery. This study was to assess the effect of unengaged head on course of labor, duration of labor, its maternal and fetal outcome in primigravida at term in labor. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 100 primigravida with term gestation, unengaged head with spontaneous onset of labor meeting the inclusion criteria admitted to labor ward, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, ESIC-MC & PGIMSR Hospital, Bengaluru during January 2019 to June 2020. After detailed clinical evaluation, labor monitored partographically and CTG for fetal surveillance and when necessary, interventions like augmentation of labor and operative vaginal or cesarean delivery performed. Results: Among 100 primigravidae, 19% had floating head, 53% at -3 and 28% at -2 station at the time of onset of labor. The mean duration of 1st, 2nd stage and total duration of labor       was higher in freely floating head compared to -3 and -2 station. The need for augmentation of labor was 100% with freely floating head than with -3 and -2 station. 77% delivered vaginally and 23% by LSCS, arrest disorders being the main indication. There was no significant difference in maternal morbidity or APGAR score at 5 min. 88% of the babies delivered with good APGAR and 12% required NICU admission Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that higher the fetal head station at the onset of labor, greater the duration of labor and the need for augmentation. Unengaged head per se is not an indication for LSCS as 77% of them delivered vaginally with partographically monitored labor

Aqua­{6,6′-dimeth­oxy-2,2′-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo­methyl­idyne)]diphenolato}(4-hydroxy­benzoato)manganese(III)

The title compound, [Mn(C18H18N2O4)(C7H5O3)(H2O)], was synthesized by a template reaction of ethane-1,2-diamine and 3-methoxy­salicylaldehyde in presence of manganese(II) 4-hydroxy­benzoate. The Jahn–Teller-distorted manganese(III) centre has an octa­hedral geometry. Extensive O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions generate a two-dimensional sheet structure parallel to (103)

Impact of Fungiform Papillae Count on Taste Perception and Different Methods of Taste Assessment and their Clinical Applications: A comprehensive review

Fungiform papillae are raised lingual structures which contain taste buds and thus play an important role in taste perception. These structures vary in number due to their relative sensitivity to a range of systemic and local factors which affect the dorsum of the tongue. Taste sensation can be measured using both chemical and electrical methods; however, the number of fungiform papillae has a direct effect on chemogustometric and electrogustometric values during evaluation. This review provides a general overview of fungiform papillae, their quantification methods and the various factors which may affect these structures. In addition, numerous methods of recording taste sensation and their clinical applications are highlighted.Keywords: Sensation; Taste; Taste Perception; Tongue; Taste Buds; Investigative Techniques

Dysregulation of Glucagon Secretion by Hyperglycemia-Induced Sodium-Dependent Reduction of ATP Production

© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.Diabetes is a bihormonal disorder resulting from combined insulin and glucagon secretion defects. Mice lacking fumarase (Fh1) in their β cells (Fh1βKO mice) develop progressive hyperglycemia and dysregulated glucagon secretion similar to that seen in diabetic patients (too much at high glucose and too little at low glucose). The glucagon secretion defects are corrected by low concentrations of tolbutamide and prevented by the sodium-glucose transport (SGLT) inhibitor phlorizin. These data link hyperglycemia, intracellular Na+ accumulation, and acidification to impaired mitochondrial metabolism, reduced ATP production, and dysregulated glucagon secretion. Protein succination, reflecting reduced activity of fumarase, is observed in α cells from hyperglycemic Fh1βKO and β-V59M gain-of-function KATP channel mice, diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats, and patients with type 2 diabetes. Succination is also observed in renal tubular cells and cardiomyocytes from hyperglycemic Fh1βKO mice, suggesting that the model can be extended to other SGLT-expressing cells and may explain part of the spectrum of diabetic complications.Peer reviewe

Patterns of Local-Regional Management Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: Results From ACOSOG Z1071 (Alliance)

AXXXXX ZXXXX was a prospective trial evaluating the false negative rate of sentinel node (SLN) surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients with initial node-positive disease. Radiation therapy (RT) decisions were at the discretion of treating physicians, providing an opportunity to evaluate variability in practice patterns following NAC

Different methods for standardization of fishing efforts

Surplus production models are widely employed to evaluate the condition of fish stocks, encompassing the entire stock, overall fishing effort, and the total yield derived from the stock. These models operate under the assumption that variations in population biomass result from hikes due to growth and reproduction, as well as drops due to natural and fishing mortality. Utilizing Catch-Per-Unit-Effort (CPUE) as input, these models rely on the presumption that CPUE is directly proportional to the biomass of fish stock in the sea. An inherent challenge in fitting such a production model lies in determining CPUE, whether in terms of units operated or in hours of operation/actual fishing hours (AFH) or in any measure of fishing efforts. Given the heterogeneous nature of fishing fleets in tropical regions, they are often categorized into boat-gear categories, where fishing units within each category share similar characteristics and performance. When assessing the collective impact of the fishing operations of the entire fleet on the exploitation of fish stock, nominal addition of the efforts of different boat-gear categories may lack meaningfulness without prior effort adjustment to enhance comparability. In tropical regions, due to the varying capacities of gears and the potential presence of multiple species in each gear, the effort expended to catch a resource cannot be simply considered as the sum of the duration/units of operation of all gears. This paper aims to underscore various effort standardization methodologies found in the literature for different situations, offering insights into the challenges faced in tropical fisheries and proposing a way forward

വളപ്പ് മത്സ്യകൃഷി

വളപ്പ് മത്സ്യകൃഷിയിൽ ജലാശയത്തിൻ്റെ അടിത്തട്ട് ഒഴികെ എല്ലാ വശങ്ങളും അടച്ച് ജലത്തിൽ മത്സ്യം വളർത്തി, ഒരു വശത്ത് നിന്നെങ്കിലും ജലം സ്വതന്ത്രമായി ഒഴുകാൻ അനുവദിക്കുന്നു ജലാശയത്തിൻ്റെ വളപ്പിൻ്റെ അടിഭാഗമായി രൂപപ്പെടുന്നു.ഇത്തരത്തിലുള്ള മത്സ്യകൃഷി സമ്പ്രദായത്തെ കുളങ്ങളിലെ മത്സ്യകൃഷിയുടെയും കൂട് മത്സ്യകൃഷിയ ടെയും സങ്കരയിനമായി കണക്കാക്കാം. അവ സാധാരണയായി തടാകങ്ങളുടെയും ജലസംഭരണിയുടെയും തീരങ്ങൾ ഉൾപ്പെടെയുള്ള ജലാശയങ്ങളുടെ ആഴം കുറഞ്ഞ പ്രദേശങ്ങളിലാണ് നിർമ്മിക്കുക. വളപ്പിന്റെ ആകൃതി, ജലാശയത്തിന്റെ ആഴം, തീരത്തിന്റെയും കരയുടെയും സ്വഭാവം എന്നിവ അനുസരിച്ച് ചതുരാകൃതിയിലോ, ദീർഘചതുരാകൃതിയിലോ, ദീർഘവൃത്താകൃതിയിലോ, നീളമേറിയതോ, കുതിരലാടാകൃതിയിലോ ആയിരിക്കും