New Transient Feature for Metal Oxide Gas Sensor Response Processing

AbstractThis paper presents the performance of metal oxide gas sensor response processing for the concentration detection of an analyte diluted in a neutral atmosphere. In the field of electronic nose, two applications are generally studied: identification of a gaseous atmosphere from other atmospheres, or the determination of the concentration of one gaseous atmosphere. This second application needs more accuracy either in the measurement set-up or in the response analysis. We propose in this study the performance comparison between two traditional features extracted from the sensor response and a new feature corresponding to the maximum (Peak) of the derivative curve of the time sensor response. The performance of this feature to obtain fast odor concentration identifications is discussed and compared to other traditional features

Ranking the Cobalt Coating Nanostructures, Produced by Direct current Through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

In recent years, cobalt coating has been known as an alternative material instead of chromium in corrosion and erosion resistant behavior. Extensive research has been carried out on a variety of electroplated cobalt coatings. In this study, for the first time, the relative priority of the cobalt coating has been calculated and ranked theoretically by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this purpose, through the AHP and the Expert Choice software, benefiting from expert opinions, the relative weights of the effective parameters on achieving nanostructure coating have been calculated. Then, by using the weights obtained, the relative priority of five available Co coatings was calculated and the quality of them was ranked. Among available Co coatings, the coating with 5 mA/ current density, pH 3, electrolyte saccharin of 0.25 grams per liter and a temperature of 45 °C during 30 minutes, in comparing with others had more favorable conditions for achieving nano-grain size. This shows that before experimental tests, the best alternatives to achieve the ultimate goal could be anticipated. This anticipation leads to reduce in trial and error and the multiplicity of the tests in investigations. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3488

Ranking the Cobalt Coating Nanostructures, Produced by Direct current Through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

In recent years, cobalt coating has been known as an alternative material instead of chromium in corrosion and erosion resistant behavior. Extensive research has been carried out on a variety of electroplated cobalt coatings. In this study, for the first time, the relative priority of the cobalt coating has been calculated and ranked theoretically by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). For this purpose, through the AHP and the Expert Choice software, benefiting from expert opinions, the relative weights of the effective parameters on achieving nanostructure coating have been calculated. Then, by using the weights obtained, the relative priority of five available Co coatings was calculated and the quality of them was ranked. Among available Co coatings, the coating with 5 mA/ current density, pH 3, electrolyte saccharin of 0.25 grams per liter and a temperature of 45 °C during 30 minutes, in comparing with others had more favorable conditions for achieving nano-grain size. This shows that before experimental tests, the best alternatives to achieve the ultimate goal could be anticipated. This anticipation leads to reduce in trial and error and the multiplicity of the tests in investigations. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3488

Comparing the Ranking of Cobalt Coating Microstructures, Produced by Direct Current through Experimental Studies and the Analytic Hierarchy Process

In recent years, cobalt has been known as an alternative coating material to chromium in corrosion and erosion resistant applications. Extensive research has been carried out on a variety of electroplated cobalt coatings. In this study, for the first time, the relative priority of cobalt coatings has been evaluated by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), in combination with empirical methods. In the first step, Cu substrates have been coated with Co under different experimental conditions. The SEM micrographs of Co coatings have been analyzed via image analysis (Clemex) software. In the second step, through the AHP and the Expert Choice software, benefiting from expert opinions, the relative weights of the effective parameters with an influence on microstructure have been calculated. Subsequently, by using the weights obtained, the relative priority of alternatives was calculated and the quality of coatings was ranked. The predicted ranking has been found to be in consistence with the experimental results. This result shows that before experimental tests, the best alternatives to achieve the ultimate goal could be anticipated. This anticipation leads to reduce in trial and error and the multiplicity of the tests in investigations. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3096

USCID fourth international conference

Presented at the Role of irrigation and drainage in a sustainable future: USCID fourth international conference on irrigation and drainage on October 3-6, 2007 in Sacramento, California.Includes bibliographical references.Based on the shortage of water resources in Iran and the high evapotranspiration rate in Khuzestan region (2044 mm/year), an irrigation system on Estamaran palm tree in the Experimental Farm of Shahid Rajaee of Omidiyeh plain was conducted. This study had two purposes, namely irrigation frequency and suitable depth of irrigation application of the Estamaran palm trees in Omidiyeh region. This study had two objectives. Irrigation frequency was the primary treatment and the evapotranspiration estimating methods was the secondary treatment. Three irrigation levels. i.e. one day long (A1), two day long (A2) and three day long (A3), were used as irrigation frequency. Also the evapotranspiration estimating methods used were, Penman-Montith 100% (B1), Penman-Montith 70% (B2), class A pan 100% (B3) and class A pan 70% (B4). Since this study had three replications, 36 palm trees were selected for this experiment. Cropwat software V.4 for windows, was applied for the evapotranspiration estimating from Penman-Montieth method. Irrigation scheduling was done according to SCS recommendations. Experimental design was according to split plot method in a randomized block. Finally by measuring the different growth indices of palm trees (leaf number, barb number and leaflet length) at a definite time, the best treatment was determined. The results showed that as a whole all the treatments in this experiment did not show a significant difference (up to 5% level) for the indicated indices. However, at the end of 4 month since the beginning of this study, the growth indices of trees in A2B1, A1B2 and A1B1 increased compared to other treatments. The result also indicated that, A1B2 was the best treatment of all. In comparison with the traditional irrigation by local farmers, using A1B2 treatment for all the palm trees (from Aug to Nov), will have 28422.34 m3 water saving in 3.87 hectare per month

Molecular diversity of hpd gene in clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae

Infections due to Haemophilus influenzae result in tremendous global morbidity. The conjugated vaccines against H. influenzae type b (Hib) have dramatically reduced the incidence of invasive Hib disease in the routine immunization of infants. The several proteins used as vaccine candidates for this pathogen, but they don't produce efficient immune in animal models against all strains of H. influenzae. This study aimed to determine the diversity of hpd gene nucleotide sequences of Iranian native clinical isolates of H. influenzae as a native vaccine candidate compared to standard strains. Twenty isolates of H. influenzae recovered from different clinical specimens of patients admitted to Milad and Imam Khomeini hospitals, Tehran, Iran. Then, isolates detected and identified as H. influenzae using biochemical tests, and further confirmation through omp6 gene PCR. The hpd gene was amplified by PCR using gene-specific primers, and the amplicons digested with EcoR1. For four isolates, the Amplicon of hpd gene sequenced, and the sequences aligned with sequences harbored in GenBank. Subsequently, sequences were submitted to the EMBL site (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/embl/). EcoR1 restriction enzyme pattern was the same among the 19 clinical isolates, and only one isolate was different. That different one with 3 out of 19 isolates were sequenced. The results showed that the nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences for protein D in clinical isolates were highly conserved with similarities >95. In conclusion, regarding high similarity up to 99 in clinical isolates, protein D can be a novel vaccine candidate against all types of H. influenza from Iran. This finding should be proved with more isolates, and also, evaluate the immunological features of protein D in animal models. © 201

Effect of annealing on structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by Sol-Gel technique

Zinc oxide thin films were prepared by sol gel method and spin coating technique, using zinc acetate as precursor solution on glass substrate. The prepared films were annealed at three different temperatures to study the effect of annealing on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films. The deposited and annealed films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with microanalysis (EDX). The XRD pattern shows that ZnO films are polycrystalline in nature and crystallite size increases with the increase in annealing temperature. Optical transmittance measurements were taken using UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer and the calculated values of the direct band gap energy, Eg was between 3, 28 and 3, 42 eV

Demographic Factors, Duration and Costs of Hospitalization, and Causes of Death in Patients Intoxicated with Opioids and Amphetamines

Background: Intoxications are medical emergencies and among the significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, prevalence of intoxication with opioids and stimulants, such as amphetamines, is increasing particularly among young people. In this study, we investigated demographic factors, duration of hospitalization, costs of hospitalization, and cause of death in patients intoxicated with amphetamines and opioids.Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective descriptive–analytic study. Sampling method was census, and Subjects were patients intoxicated with amphetamines and opioids, alone or combined, who referred to toxicology ward of Ali-Asghar hospital in Isfahan, from October 2009 to April 2010.Results: During 6 months, among 2325 subjects, 419 patients used opioids, 98 patients used amphetamines, and 25 patients used both of them. The mean age of patients in the three groups was not significantly different. Most patients were male in all groups. The most common route of intoxication was orally in opioid group and inhalation in amphetamine group. The most common cause of intoxication was intentional attempt. Vital signs at admission were normal in three groups, but the average of heart rate, body temperature, respiratory rate and blood pressure, was slightly higher in the amphetamine group than the opioid group. Duration and cost of hospitalization were not significantly different between groups. Four patients were died totally and the outcome was not significantly different between groups. The mean age and duration of hospitalization were significantly higher in died compared to living patients.Conclusion: Opioids and amphetamines accounted for high percentages of intoxication, especially in young single men with self-employed job. Therefore, control and prevention of opioids and amphetamines consumption are important ways to reduce this kind of intoxication in this group

Study of tidal components amplitude distribution in the Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea using numerical simulation

Tide is one of the most regular changes of seas and ocean levels which are offering particular importance due to the influence on the flow pattern in tidal zone. According to engineering needs and environmental protection issues in industrial-economic zone of Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman, knowing tidal characteristics of this region is very important. Therefore FVCOM (a three-dimensional ocean model) was used in barotropic mode to stimulate the tidal amplitude in a wide region comprising Persian Gulf, Strait of Hormuz, Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea. Finite volume method is applied in this model to discretize the hydrodynamic equations on triangular mesh. Uniform computational mesh is used with a resolution of 5 km in the model and one minute bathymetry data has been interpolated on this mesh. The constant values of eight diurnal and semidiurnal tidal components are prescribed along the open ocean boundary. After applying harmonic analysis on the model outputs in desired stations, the achieved amplitude of this analysis compared with results which are obtained from the analysis on the available measurement data in these stations to validate the model results. According to the measurement data and model results in these stations, meanwhile identifying the four main tidal components, the amplitude pattern of these components was determined in the whole domain. Also, by using amplitude of main components and estimating of F factor, the type of tide was predicted in the study area. According to the results obtained in this research, four types of diurnal, semidiurnal, mixed diurnal and mixed semidiurnal tides are seen in the Persian Gulf. In other areas, the tide will be mixed semidiurnal. Moreover, studying the maximum amounts of tidal velocity in the study area shows that the amount of this velocity in the Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea is less than 0.1 m/s