Screening for propagation suitability in vitro of different Cyclamen species

In the present study we examined the possibility of propagating different Cyclamen species ( C. africanum Boiss. and Reut., C. cilicium Boiss. and Heldr., C. coum Mill., C. hederifolium Ait., C. persicum Mill., C. purpurascens Mill.) including some of their subspecies and cultivars in vitro using explants of adult plants. For this purpose two protocols have been applied to eleven genotypes combined with mostly four explant types (placentas with ovules, leaves, petioles and peduncles). The use of these protocols has given rise to either somatic embryo-like structures and/or adventitious shoots in all genotypes. This way it was possible to propagate each of the examined genotypes in vitro using explants of adult plants in a time less than one year. These results may be used in breeding and propagation of Cyclamen as an ornamental plant and as a medicinal plant

Screening for propagation suitability in vitro of different Cyclamen species

In the present study we examined the possibility of propagating different Cyclamen species ( C. africanum Boiss. and Reut., C. cilicium Boiss. and Heldr., C. coum Mill., C. hederifolium Ait., C. persicum Mill., C. purpurascens Mill.) including some of their subspecies and cultivars in vitro using explants of adult plants. For this purpose two protocols have been applied to eleven genotypes combined with mostly four explant types (placentas with ovules, leaves, petioles and peduncles). The use of these protocols has given rise to either somatic embryo-like structures and/or adventitious shoots in all genotypes. This way it was possible to propagate each of the examined genotypes in vitro using explants of adult plants in a time less than one year. These results may be used in breeding and propagation of Cyclamen as an ornamental plant and as a medicinal plant

Bulk crystallization in a SiO2/Al2O3/Y2O3/AlF3/B2O3/Na2O glass: Fivefold pseudo symmetry due to monoclinic growth in a glassy matrix containing growth barriers

A glass with the mol% composition 17 Y2O3 center dot 33 Al2O3 center dot 40 SiO2 center dot 2 AlF3 center dot 3 Na2O center dot 2 CeF3 center dot 3 B2O3 is heat treated at 1000 degrees C for 6-24 h. This results in the surface nucleation and growth of YAG. Nucleation and growth of star-shaped alumina and later of monoclinic beta-Y2Si2O7 and orthorhombic delta-Y2Si2O7 are additionally observed in the bulk. Phase identification and localization are performed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) as well as TEM analysis. The monoclinic beta-Y2Si2O7 observed in the bulk occurs in the form of large, crystal agglomerates which range from 50 to 120 mu m in size. The individual crystals are aligned along the c-axis which is the fastest growing axis. Ten probability maxima are observed in the pole-figures illustrating the rotation of orientations around the c-axes indicating a fivefold symmetry. This symmetry is caused by multiple twinning which results in a high probability of specific orientation relationships with rotation angles of similar to 36 degrees, similar to 108 degrees (also referred to as the pentagon angle) and similar to 144 degrees around the c-axis. All these rotation angles are close to the multiples of 36 degrees which are required for an ideal fivefold symmetry. This is the first report of a fivefold symmetry triggered by the presence of barriers hindering crystal growth