First neutrino oscillation measurement in KM3NeT/ORCA

The KM3NeT/ORCA is a next-generation neutrino detector currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea. There are currently 6 Detection Units deployed, and in the past year the detector has been steadily taking data. Here the first neutrino oscillation measurement is presented using data taken with the ORCA detector 6 Detection Units, containing 354.6 days of exposure. Selection criteria are discussed, followed by a neutrino oscillation analysis.Article signat per 276 autors/es: A. Albert, S. Alves, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J.-J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa,B. Belhorma, B. Belhorma, M. Bendahman, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M.C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzas, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, V. Carretero, S. Celli, M. Chabab,T. N. Chau, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer-Molla, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. F. Díaz, G. de Wasseige, A. Deschamps, C. Distefano, I. Di Palma, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, N. El Khayati, A. Enzenhöfer, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, F. Filippini, L.A. Fusco, Y. Gatelet, P. Gay, H. Glotin, R. Gozzini, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, C. Guidi, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, A.J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J.J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang, G. Illuminati, C.W James, B. Jisse-Jung, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, N.R. Khan Chowdhury, A. Kouchner, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, R. Le Breton, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, D. Lopez-Coto, S. Loucatos, L. Maderer, J. Manczak, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J.A. Martínez-Mora, K. Melis, P. Migliozzi, A. Moussa, R. Muller, L.Nauta, S.Navas, E.Nezri, B. O’Fearraigh, A. Paun, G.E. Pavalas, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin,V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, C. Poirè,V. Popa, T. Pradier,N. Randazzo, S.Reck, G. Riccobene, A. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, F. Salesa Greus, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, F. Schüssler, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, S.J. Tingay, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, S. Zavatarelli5, A. Zegarelli, J.D. Zornoza, and J. Zúñiga. A.U. Abeysekara, A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J.D. Álvarez, J.R. Angeles Camacho, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. P. Arunbabu, D. Avila Rojas, H.A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, V. Baghmanyan, A.S. Barber, J. Becerra Gonzalez, E. BelmontMoreno, S.Y. BenZvi, D. Berley, C. Brisbois, K.S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, O. Chaparro-Amaro, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, L. Diaz-Cruz, R. Diaz Hernandez, J.C. Díaz-Vélez, B.L. Dingus, M. Durocher, M.A. DuVernois, R.W. Ellsworth, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K.L. Fan, K. Fang, M. Fernández Alonso, B. Fick, H. Fleischhack, J.L. Flores, N.I. Fraija, D. Garcia, J.A. García-González, J. L. García-Luna, G. García-Torales, F. Garfias, G. Giacinti, H. Goksu, M.M. González, J.A. Goodman, J.P. Harding, S. Hernandez, I. Herzog, J. Hinton, B. Hona, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, C.M. Hui, B. Humensky, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, H. Jhee, V. Joshi, D. Kieda, G J. Kunde, S. Kunwar, A. Lara, J. Lee, W.H. Lee, D. Lennarz, H. León Vargas, J. Linnemann, A.L. Longinotti, R. López-Coto, G. Luis-Raya, J. Lundeen, K. Malone, V. Marandon, O. Martinez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, H. Martínez-Huerta, J. Martínez-Castro, J.A.J. Matthews, J. McEnery, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J.A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M.U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, L. Olivera-Nieto, N. Omodei, A. Peisker, Y. Pérez Araujo, E.G. Pérez-Pérez, C.D. Rho, C. Rivière, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, E. Ruiz-Velasco, J. Ryan, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Serna-Franco, G. Sinnis, A.J. Smith, R.W. Springer, P. Surajbali, I. Taboada, M. Tanner, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, I.J. Watson, T. Weisgarber, F. Werner, E. Willox, J. Wood, G.B. Yodh, A. Zepeda, H. ZhouPostprint (published version

Charged particle spectra in central S+S collisions at 200 GeV/c per nucleon

The transverse momentum and rapidity distributions of negative hadrons and participant protons have been measured for central 32S+ 32S collisions at plab=200 GeV/c per nucleon. The proton mean rapidity shift ~1.6 and mean transverse momentum ~0.6 GeV/c are much higher than in pp or peripheral AA collisions and indicate an increase in the nuclear stopping power. All pT spectra exhibit similar source temperatures. Including previous results for K0s Lambda , and Lambda -bar, we account for all important contributions to particle production.Authors: Bächler, J.; Bartke, J.; Bialkowska, H.; Bock, R.; Brockmann, R.; Buncic, P.; Chase, S. I.; Derado, I.; Eckardt, V.; Eschke, J.; Ferenc, D.; Fleischmann, B.; Foka, P.; Fuchs, M.; Gazdzicki, M.; Gladysz, E.; Harris, J. W.; Heck, W.; Hoffmann, M.; Jacobs, P. M.; Kabana, S.; Kadija, K.; Keidel, R.; Kosiec, J.; Kowalski, M.; Kühmichel, A.; Lahanas, M.; Lee, J. Y.; Ljubicic, A.; Margetis, S.; Morse, R.; Nappi, E.; Odyniec, G.; Paic, G.; Panagiotu, A. D.; Petridis, A.; Piper, A.; Posa, F.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Pugh, H. G.; Pühlhofer, F.; Rai, G.; Rauch, W.; Renfordt, R.; Röhrich, D.; Roland, G.; Rothard, H.; Runge, K.; Sandoval, A.; Schambach, J. J.; Schmitz, N.; Schmoetten, E.; Schneider, I.; Seyboth, P.; Seyerlein, J.; Skrzypczak, E.; Stefanski, P.; Stock, R.; Ströbele, H.; Teitelbaum, L.; Tincknell, M. L.; Tonse, S.; Vasileiadis, G.; Vesztergombi, G.; Vranic, D.; Wenig, S

Search for correlations between high-energy gamma rays and neutrinos with the HAWC and ANTARES detectors

ANTARES is an underwater neutrino detector in the Mediterranean Sea. Its location, reconstruction accuracy for all-flavor neutrino interactions, and low energy threshold, make it the most sensitive neutrino observatory for searches below 100 TeV over large parts of the sky. The HAWC experiment is a water Cherenkov gamma-ray detector located in Mexico. Thanks to its large field of view it is an excellent instrument to observe the very-high energy gamma-ray sky and perform high-sensitivity surveys of the Galactic Plane. The 10-year ANTARES data set and 3-year HAWC point source surveys are used to search for all-flavor neutrino emission in correlation with the highly-significant observations by HAWC in the gamma-ray sky by means of a maximumlikelihood template search. No significant observation for a correlation has been identified and upper limits on the neutrino flux from the HAWC observations have been set.Article signat per 276 autors/es: A. Albert, S. Alves, M. André, M. Anghinolfi, G. Anton, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J.-J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa,B. Belhorma, B. Belhorma, M. Bendahman, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M.C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzas, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, V. Carretero, S. Celli, M. Chabab,T. N. Chau, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, A. Coleiro, M. Colomer-Molla, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. F. Díaz, G. de Wasseige, A. Deschamps, C. Distefano, I. Di Palma, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, N. El Khayati, A. Enzenhöfer, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, F. Filippini, L.A. Fusco, Y. Gatelet, P. Gay, H. Glotin, R. Gozzini, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, C. Guidi, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, A.J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J.J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang, G. Illuminati, C.W James, B. Jisse-Jung, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, N.R. Khan Chowdhury, A. Kouchner, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, R. Le Breton, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, M. Lincetto, D. Lopez-Coto, S. Loucatos, L. Maderer, J. Manczak, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J.A. Martínez-Mora, K. Melis, P. Migliozzi, A. Moussa, R. Muller, L.Nauta, S.Navas, E.Nezri, B. O’Fearraigh, A. Paun, G.E. Pavalas, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin,V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, C. Poirè,V. Popa, T. Pradier,N. Randazzo, S.Reck, G. Riccobene, A. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, F. Salesa Greus, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, F. Schüssler, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, S.J. Tingay, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, S. Zavatarelli5, A. Zegarelli, J.D. Zornoza, and J. Zúñiga. A.U. Abeysekara, A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J.D. Álvarez, J.R. Angeles Camacho, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. P. Arunbabu, D. Avila Rojas, H.A. Ayala Solares, R. Babu, V. Baghmanyan, A.S. Barber, J. Becerra Gonzalez, E. BelmontMoreno, S.Y. BenZvi, D. Berley, C. Brisbois, K.S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, O. Chaparro-Amaro, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, L. Diaz-Cruz, R. Diaz Hernandez, J.C. Díaz-Vélez, B.L. Dingus, M. Durocher, M.A. DuVernois, R.W. Ellsworth, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K.L. Fan, K. Fang, M. Fernández Alonso, B. Fick, H. Fleischhack, J.L. Flores, N.I. Fraija, D. Garcia, J.A. García-González, J. L. García-Luna, G. García-Torales, F. Garfias, G. Giacinti, H. Goksu, M.M. González, J.A. Goodman, J.P. Harding, S. Hernandez, I. Herzog, J. Hinton, B. Hona, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, C.M. Hui, B. Humensky, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, H. Jhee, V. Joshi, D. Kieda, G J. Kunde, S. Kunwar, A. Lara, J. Lee, W.H. Lee, D. Lennarz, H. León Vargas, J. Linnemann, A.L. Longinotti, R. López-Coto, G. Luis-Raya, J. Lundeen, K. Malone, V. Marandon, O. Martinez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, H. Martínez-Huerta, J. Martínez-Castro, J.A.J. Matthews, J. McEnery, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J.A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M.U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, L. Olivera-Nieto, N. Omodei, A. Peisker, Y. Pérez Araujo, E.G. Pérez-Pérez, C.D. Rho, C. Rivière, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, E. Ruiz-Velasco, J. Ryan, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Serna-Franco, G. Sinnis, A.J. Smith, R.W. Springer, P. Surajbali, I. Taboada, M. Tanner, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, L. Villaseñor, X. Wang, I.J. Watson, T. Weisgarber, F. Werner, E. Willox, J. Wood, G.B. Yodh, A. Zepeda, H. ZhouPostprint (published version

Neocosmospora keratoplastica, a relevant human fusarial pathogen is found to be associated with wilt and root rot of Muskmelon and Watermelon crops in Spain: epidemiological and molecular evidences

[EN] Some taxa of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) have been associated with clinical infections in humans and plant diseases. Among the several fusaria that cause relevant mycoses in cucurbits in Spain, Neocosmospora keratoplastica is described for the first time as responsible for wilt and root rot in both watermelon and melon crops in producing areas of Valencia and Alicante provinces. Due to the ecological and systematic complexity of the group, with described clinical forms and plant pathogens practically indistinguishable from each other, both pathological evidences (including artificial inoculation bioassays) and molecular methods (multilocus phylogeny based on ITS, TEF-1 alpha, and RPB2 regions) are provided to confirm this finding, since the presence of this soil-borne pathogen could have been probably underestimated in cucurbits-producing areas of Spain.This work was supported by the by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades grants AGL2017-85563-C2 (1-R and 2-R) (cofunded with FEDER funds) and by the PROMETEO project 2017/078 (to promote excellence groups) by the Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esports (Generalitat Valenciana).González, V.; García-Martínez, S.; Flores-León, A.; Ruiz, JJ.; Picó Sirvent, MB.; Garcés-Claver, A. (2020). Neocosmospora keratoplastica, a relevant human fusarial pathogen is found to be associated with wilt and root rot of Muskmelon and Watermelon crops in Spain: epidemiological and molecular evidences. European Journal of Plant Pathology. 156(4):1189-1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-01931-z118911961564Cabral, C. S., Melo, M. P., Fonseca, M. E. N., Boiteux, L. S., & Reis, A. (2016). A root rot of chickpea caused by isolates of the Fusarium solani species complex in Brazil. Plant Disease, 100, 2171. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-15-0571-PDN.Chehri, K., Salleh, B., & Zakaria, L. (2015). Morphological and phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium solani species complex in Malaysia. Microbial Ecology, 69, 457–471.Chitrampalan, P., & Nelson Jr., B. (2015). Multilocus phylogeny reveals an association of agriculturally important Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) 11, and clinically important FSSC 5 and FSSC 3 + 4 with soybean roots in the north central United States. 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Fusarium solani species complex isolates conspecific with Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae race 2 from naturally infected human and plant tissue and environmental sources are equally virulent on plants, grow at 37° C and are interfertile. Environmental Microbiology, 9, 2189–2199.O’Donnell, K. (2000). Molecular phylogeny of the Nectria haematococca–Fusarium solani species complex. Mycologia, 92, 919–938.O’Donnell, K., Kistler, H. C., Cigelnik, E., & Ploetz, R. C. (1998). Multiple evolutionary origins of the fungus causing Panama disease of banana: concordant evidence from nuclear and mitochondrial gene genealogies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95, 2044–2049.O’Donnell, K., Sutton, D. A., Fothergill, A., McCarthy, D., Rinaldi, M. G., Brandt, M. E., et al. (2008). Molecular phylogenetic diversity, multilocus haplotype nomenclature, and in vitro antifungal resistance within the Fusarium solani species complex. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 46, 2477–2490.O’Donnell, K., Sutton, D. A., Wiederholt, N., Robert, V. A. R. G., Crous, P. W., & Geiser, D. M. (2016). Veterinary Fusarioses within the United States. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 54, 2813–2819.Reeb, V., Lutztoni, F., & Roux, C. (2004). Contribution of RPB2 to multilocus phylogenetic studies of the euascomycetes (Pezizomycotina, Fungi) with special emphasis on the lichen-forming Acarosporaceae and evolution of polyspory. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32, 1036–1060.Rentería-Martínez, M. E., Guerra-Camacho, M. A., Ochoa-Meza, A., Moreno-Salazar, S. F., Varela-Romero, A., Gutiérrez-Millán, L. E., & Meza-Moller, A. C. (2018). Multilocus phylogenetic analysis of fungal complex associated with root rot watermelon in Sonora, Mexico. Mexican Journal of Phytopathology, 36, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.18781/R.MEX.FIT.1710-1.Sandoval-Denis, M., & Crous, P. W. (2018). Removing chaos from confusion: assigning names to common human and animal pathogens in Neocosmospora. Persoonia, 41, 109–129.Sandoval-Denis, M., Lombard, L., & Crous, P. W. (2019). Back to the roots: a reappraisal of Neocosmospora. Persoonia, 43, 90–185.Sarmiento-Ramírez, J. M., Abella-Pérez, E., Phillott, A. D., Sim, J., van West, P., Martín, M. P., Marco, A., & Diéguez-Uribeondo, J. (2014). Global distribution of two fungal pathogens threatening endangered sea turtles. PLoS ONE, 9, e85853. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085853.Shaffer, J. P., U’Ren, J. M., Gallery, R. E., Baltrus, D. A., & Arnold, A. E. (2017). An endohyphal bacterium (Chitinophaga, bacteroidetes) alters carbon source use by Fusarium keratoplasticum (F. solani species complex, Nectriaceae). Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 350.Short, D. P. G., O'Donnell, K., Thrane, U., Nielsen, K. F., Zhang, N., Juba, J. H., & Geiser, D. M. (2013). Phylogenetic relationships among members of the Fusarium solani species complex in human infections and the descriptions of F. keratoplasticum sp. nov. and F. petroliphilum stat. nov. Fungal Genetics and Biology, 53, 59–70.Sousa, E. S., Melo, M. P., Mota, J. M., Sousa, E. M. J., Beserra, J. E. A., & Matos, K. S. (2017). First report of Fusarium falciforme (FSSC 3 + 4) causing root rot in lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) in Brazil. Plant Disease, 101, 1954. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-17-0657-PDN.Sutton, D. A., & Brandt, M. B. (2011). Fusarium and other opportunistic hyaline fungi. In J. Versalovic, K. Carroll, G. Funke, et al. (Eds.), Manual of clinical microbiology (10th ed., pp. 1853–1879). Washington, USA: ASM Press.Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A., & Kumar, S. (2013). MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 2725–2729. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197.Tirado-Ramirez, M. A., Lopez-Orona, C. A., de Velazquez-Alcaraz, T. J., Diaz-Valdes, T., Velarde-Felix, S., Martinez-Campos, A. R., & Retes-Manjarrez, J. E. (2018). First report of onion basal rot caused by Fusarium falciforme in Mexico. Plant Disease, 102, 2646–2647.White, T. J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., & Taylor, J. (1990). Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, & T. J. White (Eds.), PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications (345p). San Diego: Academic Press.Zhang, N., O’Donnell, K., Sutton, D. A., et al. (2006). Members of the Fusarium solani species complex that cause infections in both humans and plants are common in the environment. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 44, 2186–2190

Scalar Resonances in Axially Symmetric Spacetimes

We study properties of resonant solutions to the scalar wave equation in several axially symmetric spacetimes. We prove that non-axial resonant modes do not exist neither in the Lanczos dust cylinder, the $(2+1)$ extreme BTZ spacetime nor in a class of simple rotating wormhole solutions. Moreover, we find unstable solutions to the wave equation in the Lanczos dust cylinder and in the $r^2 <0$ region of the extreme $(2+1)$ BTZ spacetime, two solutions that possess closed timelike curves. Similarities with previous results obtained for the Kerr spacetime are explored.Comment: International Journal of Modern Physics D, in pres

Estereotipos de género en universitarios españoles sobre el riesgo psicosocial en la infancia

Recent studies have shown that gender stereotypes are not sensitive to social changes. There is a gap in how gender is treated in college. This study is part of an innovation project to improve teaching quality in university. We aim to analyze the presence of gender stereotypes related to at-risk childhood in a sample of 113 university students. Most students considered that some circumstances, like substance consumption, are more likely in boys. On the contrary, they think that looking after siblings or anxiety are more common in girls. Results show the need to incorporate the gender perspective into universities. The special needs of the at-risk girls require further research and specialized training.Estudios recientes han mostrado que los estereotipos de género no son sensibles a los cambios sociales. Hay un vacío sobre cómo el género es tratado en la educación universitaria. Este estudio se enmarca en un proyecto de innovación para la mejora de la calidad docente en la universidad. Pretendemos analizar la presencia de estereotipos de género relacionados con menores en riesgo en una muestra de 113 universitarios. La mayoría de los estudiantes considera que algunas circunstancias, como el uso de sustancias, son más probables en chicos. Por el contrario, piensan que el tener que cuidar de los hermanos o la ansiedad son más comunes en chicas. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de incorporar la perspectiva de género en las universidades. Las necesidades de las chicas en riesgo requieren más investigación y formación especializada

Mediating Effects of Social Support in the Association Between Problems in Childhood and Adolescence and Well‑Being in Adult Domestic Adoptees

Research concerning adulthood and adoption has gained popularity in recent years, but there are very few studies involving positive variables of adjustment. Adopted people are believed to have more behavioral and emotional problems in childhood than the general population. Previous research suggests overall continuity of functioning in later life. However, certain variables might change that continuity. Through Structural Equation Modeling analyses, this paper assesses the mediating role of social support in the well-being of 70 adult adoptees. Findings showed a well-fitted model, where problems in adolescence had a direct effect on well-being in adulthood. Additionally, we found two mediating effects: (a) social support mediated the relationship between problems in adolescence and well-being later in life; and (b) problems in adolescence mediated the relationship between problems in childhood and well-being. The main implication of these results is that social support helps develop good levels of adjustment and well-being in adulthood. Taking all this into account, it is important for adoption professionals to encourage families to support their children and to provide additional support for those adoptees needing it

CNS Control of Glucose Metabolism: Response to Environmental Challenges

Over the last 15 years, considerable work has accumulated to support the role of the CNS in regulating postprandial glucose levels. As discussed in the first section of this review, the CNS receives and integrates information from afferent neurons, circulating hormones, and postprandially generated nutrients to subsequently direct changes in glucose output by the liver and glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. The second major component of this review focuses on the effects of external pressures, including high fat diet and changes to the light:dark cycle on CNS-regulating glucose homeostasis. We also discuss the interaction between these different pressures and how they contribute to the multifaceted mechanisms that we hypothesize contribute to the dysregulation of glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We argue that while current peripheral therapies serve to delay the progression of T2DM, generating combined obesity and T2DM therapies targeted at the CNS, the primary site of dysfunction for both diseases, would lead to a more profound impact on the progression of both diseases