26 Efekty uboczne kompleksowej raodioterapii u chorych na nowotwory narządów płciowych

Radioterapia jest jedną z podstawowych metod leczenia onkologicznego w raku szyjki i błony śluzowej macicy. Ze względu na różną radiowrażliwość narządów miednicy mniejszej autorzy pracy zwrócili szczególną uwagę na ewentualną obecność objawów uszkodzenia przewodu pokarmowego, układu moczowego i szpiku kostnego.W okresie 1998–2000 w Klinice Ginekologii Operacyjnej poddano obserwacji 40 chorych poddanych kompleksowej radioterapii. Wszystkie pacjentki w trakcie teleterapii otrzymały całkowitą dawkę 28 Gy na guz w okresie 4 tygodni oraz poddane zostały brachyterapii. W zależności od stopnia zaawansowania klinicznego nowotworu zastosowano:-u 25 chorych ze stopniem klinicznym nowotworu I i II – brachyterapię dopochwową w dawce 24 Gy (w 3 cotygodniowych frakcjach);-u 15 chorych ze stopniem zaawansowania II, III i IV – brachyterapię domaciczną w dawce 40 Gy (w 5 cotygodniowych frakcjach).Brachyterapię stosowano za pomocą microSelectronu HDR firmy Nucletron z użyciem żródła irydowego Ir192 z nominalną aktywnością 10 Ci (370GBq).Zaobserwowano:[[tgroup cols="3"]][[colspec colname="col1"/]][[colspec colname="col2"/]][[colspec colname="col3"/]][[tbody]][[row]][[entry align="left"]]1. Objawy uszkodzenia przewodu pokarmowego:[[/entry]][[entry align="left"]]nudności i wymioty[[/entry]][[entry align="left"]]− 4(10%)[[/entry]][[/row]][[row]][[entry/]][[entry align="left"]]biegunka[[/entry]][[entry align="left"]]− 6(15%)[[/entry]][[/row]][[row]][[entry align="left"]]2. Objawy podrażnienia układu moczowego (objawy dyzuryczne + zmiany w badaniu ogó1nym moczu):[[/entry]][[entry/]][[entry align="left"]]− 22 (55%)[[/entry]][[/row]][[row]][[entry align="left"]]3. Objawy uszkodzenia szpiku kostnego:[[/entry]][[entry align="left"]]niedokrwistość :[[/entry]][[entry align="left"]]− 3 (7,5%)[[/entry]][[/row]][[row]][[entry/]][[entry align="left"]]leukopenia:[[/entry]][[entry align="left"]]− 9 (22,5%)[[/entry]][[/row]][[/tbody]][[/tgroup]]Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają względnie niski odsetek notowanych powikłań. Jest to dowodem na to, że tylko właściwa ocena kliniczna i prawidłowo prowadzona dozymetria przy kompleksowej radioterapii umożliwiają minimalizację objawów ubocznych

Prediction models for estimating pruned biomass obtained from Platanus hispanica Münchh. used for material surveys in urban forests

The amount of urban biomass waste derived from pruning operations represents a potential source of bioenergy little studied or considered in local bio-economies. This research focused on direct quantification of lignocellulosic residual biomass yielded during tree pruning, characterization of basic tree parameters and development of indirect biomass prediction models. Sample individuals of 30 Platanus hispanica Munchh. with mean diameter at breast height 23.56 cm, crown diameter 8.44 m, crown base height 3.76 m, and total height 11.57 m were examined. Wood formed 43.34% of pruned biomass before the drying process and wood moisture content in wet basis reached 40.16%. Mean quantity of dry biomass obtained per tree was 23.98 kg and standard deviation was 15.16 kg. Allometric relationships were analyzed. Significant coefficients of determination were observed for dry biomass and diameter at breast height (R-2 = 0.87), as well as for dry biomass and conical and parabolic crown volume (R-2 = 0.78). The best result (R-2 = 0.93) was obtained from a multiple regression model with several explicative variables. Indirect biomass prediction equations and characteristics of yielded residuals derived from this research can be useful for biomass planning and management purposes. These equations can be implemented for urban inventories, and the application of logistic models. The significance of this topic is beyond doubt for urban environment, especially for the possibilities of reducing carbon dioxide emissions and perspectives of biomass utilization as a biofuel. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Sajdak, M.; Velázquez Martí, B.; López Cortés, I.; Fernández Sarriá, A.; Estornell Cremades, J. (2014). Prediction models for estimating pruned biomass obtained from Platanus hispanica Münchh. used for material surveys in urban forests. Renewable Energy. 66:178-184. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2013.12.005S1781846

Residual biomass calculation from individual tree architecture using terrestrial laser scanner and ground-level measurements

Large quantity of residual biomass with possible energy and industrial end can be obtained from management operations of urban forests. The profitability of exploiting this resource is conditioned by the amount of existing biomass within urban community ecosystems. Prior research pointed out that residual biomass from Platanus hispanica and other tree species can be calculated from dendrometric parameters. In this study, two approaches have been analyzed: First, applicability of TLS was tested for residual biomass calculation from crown volume. In addition, traditional models for residual biomass prediction were developed from dendrometric parameters (tree height, crown diameter, and diameter at breast height). Next, a comparison between parameters obtained with both methodologies (standard methodologies vs TLS) was carried out. The results indicate a strong relationship (R2 = 0.906) between crown diameters and between total tree heights (R2 = 0.868). The crown volumes extracted from the TLS point cloud were calculated by 4 different methods: convex hull; convex hull by slices of 5 cm height in the XY plane; triangulation by XY flat sections, and voxel modeling. The highest accuracy was found when the voxel method was used for pruned biomass prediction (R2 = 0.731). The results revealed the potential of TLS data to determine dendrometric parameters and biomass yielded from pruning quitar of urban forestsFernández-Sarría, A.; Velázquez Martí, B.; Sajdak, M.; Martinez, L.; Estornell Cremades, J. (2013). Residual biomass calculation from individual tree architecture using terrestrial laser scanner and ground-level measurements. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 93:90-97. doi:10.1016/j.compag.2013.01.012S90979

Wood characterization for energy application proceeding from pruning Morus alba L., Platanus hispanica Münchh. and Sophora japonica L. in urban areas

Pruning urban forests generates significant amounts of lignocellulosic biomass every year. The energy potential of this biomass is unclear. The aim of this research was direct analysis of the gross calorific value (GO!), elemental composition and moisture content of Morus alba L., Platanus hispanica Munchh. and Sophora japonica L by means of laboratory equipment. This analysis allowed for further development of indirect GCV prediction models which are economically attractive and less time consuming to direct analysis. These models presented high coefficients of determination (R-2 0.66-0.96). It has been determined that the species with highest mean GCV is S. japonica L. (19615.68 kJ/kg-dry sample) whereas the one with the lowest is the M. alba L (18192.87 kJ/kg-dry sample). Elemental analysis showed highest carbon (48.22%), hydrogen (6.17%) and nitrogen (1.16%) content in S. japonica L in dry samples. Sulfur was constant at the level 0.05% for all analyzed species. Also percentage of bark and wood density were determined. Mean percentage of bark was highest for P. hispanica Miinchh. (13.05%) while wood density was highest for S. japonica L. (0.86 g cm(-3)). This way the research has proven that the biomass produced by pruning urban forests appears to be an interesting source of renewable energy. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Velázquez Martí, B.; Sajdak, M.; López Cortés, I.; Callejón-Ferre, AJ. (2014). Wood characterization for energy application proceeding from pruning Morus alba L., Platanus hispanica Münchh. and Sophora japonica L. in urban areas. Renewable Energy. (62):478-483. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2013.08.010S4784836

Different methodologies for calculating crown volume of Platanus hispanica trees by terrestial laser scanner and comparison with classical dendrometric measurements

Terrestrial laser scanners (TLSs) are used in forestry and fruit culture applications to perform a threedimensional geometrical characterization of trees and so make it easier to develop management systems based on that information. In addition, this data can improve the accuracy of dendrometric variable estimations, such as crown volume, obtained by standard methods. The main objective of this paper is to compare classical methods for crown volume estimation with the volumes obtained from the processing of point clouds obtained using a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) on urban Platanus hispanica trees. This will allow faster quantification of residual biomass from pruning and therefore an improved management in future. The methods applied using TLS data were also evaluated in terms of processing speed. A set of 30 specimens were selected and their main dendrometric parameters (such as diameter breast height, crown diameter, total height, and distance from the crown base to the soil) were manually measured using classical methods. From these dendrometric parameters, the apparent crown volumes were calculated using three geometric models: cone, hemisphere, and paraboloid. Simultaneously, these trees were scanned with a Leica ScanStation2. A laser point cloud was registered for each tree and processed to obtain the crown volumes. Four processing methods were analyzed: (a) convex hull (an irregular polyhedral surface formed by triangles that surround the crown) applied to the whole point cloud that forms the crown; (b) convex hull using slices of 10 cm in height from the top to the base of the crown; (c) XY triangulation in horizontal sections; and (d) voxel discretization. All the obtained volumes (derived from classical methods and TLS) were assessed and compared. The regression equations that compare the volumes obtained by dendrometry and those derived from TLS data showed coefficients of determination (R2) greater than 0.78. The highest R2 (0.89) was obtained in the comparison between the volume calculated using a paraboloid and flat sections, which was also the fastest method. These results show the potential of TLS for predicting the crown volumes of urban trees, such as P. hispanica, to help improve their management, especially the quantification of residual biomass.The authors appreciate the financial support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation in the framework of the Project AGL2010-15334 and by the Generalitat Valenciana in the framework of the Project GV/2012/003.Fernández-Sarría, A.; Martínez, L.; Velázquez Martí, B.; Sajdak, M.; Estornell Cremades, J.; Recio Recio, JA. (2013). Different methodologies for calculating crown volume of Platanus hispanica trees by terrestial laser scanner and comparison with classical dendrometric measurements. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 90(1):176-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2012.09.017S17618590

Organization and Variation Analysis of 5S rDNA in Different Ploidy-level Hybrids of Red Crucian Carp × Topmouth Culter

Through distant crossing, diploid, triploid and tetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var., RCC♀, Cyprininae, 2n = 100) × topmouth culter (Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker, TC♂, Cultrinae, 2n = 48) were successfully produced. Diploid hybrids possessed 74 chromosomes with one set from RCC and one set from TC; triploid hybrids harbored 124 chromosomes with two sets from RCC and one set from TC; tetraploid hybrids had 148 chromosomes with two sets from RCC and two sets from TC. The 5S rDNA of the three different ploidy-level hybrids and their parents were sequenced and analyzed. There were three monomeric 5S rDNA classes (designated class I: 203 bp; class II: 340 bp; and class III: 477 bp) in RCC and two monomeric 5S rDNA classes (designated class IV: 188 bp, and class V: 286 bp) in TC. In the hybrid offspring, diploid hybrids inherited three 5S rDNA classes from their female parent (RCC) and only class IV from their male parent (TC). Triploid hybrids inherited class II and class III from their female parent (RCC) and class IV from their male parent (TC). Tetraploid hybrids gained class II and class III from their female parent (RCC), and generated a new 5S rDNA sequence (designated class I–N). The specific paternal 5S rDNA sequence of class V was not found in the hybrid offspring. Sequence analysis of 5S rDNA revealed the influence of hybridization and polyploidization on the organization and variation of 5S rDNA in fish. This is the first report on the coexistence in vertebrates of viable diploid, triploid and tetraploid hybrids produced by crossing parents with different chromosome numbers, and these new hybrids are novel specimens for studying the genomic variation in the first generation of interspecific hybrids, which has significance for evolution and fish genetics

The 5S rDNA family evolves through concerted and birth-and-death evolution in fish genomes: an example from freshwater stingrays

Background: Ribosomal 5S genes are well known for the critical role they play in ribosome folding and functionality. These genes are thought to evolve in a concerted fashion, with high rates of homogenization of gene copies. However, the majority of previous analyses regarding the evolutionary process of rDNA repeats were conducted in invertebrates and plants. Studies have also been conducted on vertebrates, but these analyses were usually restricted to the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNA genes. The recent identification of divergent 5S rRNA gene paralogs in the genomes of elasmobranches and teleost fishes indicate that the eukaryotic 5S rRNA gene family has a more complex genomic organization than previously thought. The availability of new sequence data from lower vertebrates such as teleosts and elasmobranches enables an enhanced evolutionary characterization of 5S rDNA among vertebrates.Results: We identified two variant classes of 5S rDNA sequences in the genomes of Potamotrygonidae stingrays, similar to the genomes of other vertebrates. One class of 5S rRNA genes was shared only by elasmobranches. A broad comparative survey among 100 vertebrate species suggests that the 5S rRNA gene variants in fishes originated from rounds of genome duplication. These variants were then maintained or eliminated by birth-and-death mechanisms, under intense purifying selection. Clustered multiple copies of 5S rDNA variants could have arisen due to unequal crossing over mechanisms. Simultaneously, the distinct genome clusters were independently homogenized, resulting in the maintenance of clusters of highly similar repeats through concerted evolution.Conclusions: We believe that 5S rDNA molecular evolution in fish genomes is driven by a mixed mechanism that integrates birth-and-death and concerted evolution

The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts

The 42nd Symposium Chromatographic Methods of Investigating Organic Compounds : Book of abstracts. June 4-7, 2019, Szczyrk, Polan

Compilation of operational and strategic agility for ensuring the highest efficiency of company operations

The author of the article, using the analysis of the literature, presents the two perspectives of company’s agility – the strategic and the operational ones, and tries to make the compilation of them in order to obtain the highest effectives of the company’s performance. The article shows that on the strategic level an outwards-oriented attitude is required which involves scanning the environment and assessing the likely impact of the trends in a given industry, as well as the technological possibilities, competitive forces, market changes, and market segment dynamics. Referring to the literature the operational level agility refers to changes which occur within an organization, particularly with regard to the processes of manufacturing and innovation. Adopting an agile strategy involves a new type of activity - a transformation of internal operations. The practice shows that only the implementation of both presented perspectives of agility may lead the company to the outstanding results and ensure competitive advantage in the unstable market. The aim of this article is to identify the determinants for strategic agility and the operational agility of companies as well as attempting to combine the two areas in order to ensure the highest efficiency of enterprises