How do Russian Researchers Evaluate Grants as a Tool for the Development of Science?

Актуальность рассматриваемой проблемы связана с активной модернизацией в России сектора исследований и разработок, которая происходит в условиях существующих ограничений. С одной стороны, имеется запрос на научно-технологический суверенитет, повышение ответственности ученых за технологическое и социально-экономическое развитие страны. С другой, происходит переоценка различных инструментов поддержки деятельности ученых, влияющих на их положение, репутацию, карьеру. В статье представлены данные массового социологического опроса грантополучателей (N=1700), проведенного в 2022 году. В нем приняли участие более 60 российских регионов и более 80 организаций, подведомственных Минобрнауки России. По материалам опроса отмечается значимая роль грантовой поддержки научных фондов для сохранения и развития потенциала ученых, привлечения новых исследователей в науку, создания конкурентоспособного сектора генерации знаний. Анализируются институциональные изменения в деятельности российских научных фондов в восприятии грантополучателей – научных, научно-педагогических работников и административно-управленческого персонала, обозначаются наиболее острые проблемы, затрудняющие получение и выполнение грантов российскими исследователями в текущих условиях. Новизна исследования заключается в том, что впервые был проведен массовый опрос грантополучателей российских научных фондов, позволивший выявить наиболее значимые функции грантов: экономическую функцию; функцию селективного отбора, влияющую на конкуренцию среди исследователей; символическую функцию, отражающуюся на репутации ученых, научных школ, исследовательских команд; позитивное влияние на развитие исследовательских компетенций, карьеры ученых, научного потенциала высшей школы и др. Эмпирическую базу статьи представляют материалы, собранные при помощи анкетного опроса. Для обработки материалов исследования применялись количественный анализ и анализ содержания открытых вопросов. Обработка количественных данных проведена с использованием программы SPSS, материалы открытых вопросов анализировались с применением методов обобщения и систематизации. Выявлены позитивные эффекты грантовой поддержки, влияющие на результаты научно-исследовательской деятельности ученых, а также проблемы, волнующие грантополучателей, встречающиеся в открытых вопросах. Анализируются риски при реализации научно-исследовательских проектов в связи с санкционными ограничениями, введенными в 2022 году. Результаты исследования могут быть учтены при выработке подходов к формированию политики финансирования научной деятельности в России, возможных направлений дальнейшей грантовой поддержки ученых с учетом мнения научного сообщества и поиска новых механизмов поддержки молодых исследователей.The problem under consideration is connected with the active modernization of the research and development sector in Russia, which takes place under existing restrictions. On the one hand, there is a request for scientific and technological sovereignty, increasing the scholars’ responsibility for the social and economic development of the country. On the other hand, the impact of various tools to support the scientists’ activity, these tools affecting their position, reputation and career, is being re-assessed. The article presents data from a 2022 mass sociological survey of grantees (N=1700) from more than 60 Russian regions and more than 80 organizations subordinate to the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. The survey materials showed the significant role of funds’ grant support for the preservation and development of the scholars’ scientific potential, for attracting new researchers, and for creating a competitive knowledge generation sector. The article analyzes the institutional changes in the activities of Russian scientific foundations as perceived by grantees – scientific and pedagogical workers, administrative and managerial staff. There are identified the most acute problems that make it difficult for Russian researchers to receive grants and to fulfill corresponding requirements in today’s conditions. For the first time a mass survey of grantees of Russian scientific foundations was conducted, which allowed identifying the most significant functions of grants: economic function; selective function affecting competition among researchers; symbolic function affecting the reputation of scientists, scientific schools, research teams; positive impact on the development of research competencies, careers of scientists, the scientific potential of the higher school, etc. The empirical base of the article is represented by materials collected within a questionnaire survey. The methods of quantitative analysis and content analysis of the open questions were used to process the research materials. Quantitative data processing was carried out using the SPSS program; materials of open questions were analyzed using methods of generalization and systematization. As a result, there were distinguished the positive effects of grant support over scientists’ research activities, as well as the grantees’ problems to be concerned. The risks of research projects non-completion in connection with the sanctions restrictions imposed in 2022 are analyzed. The results of the study can be taken into account when developing approaches to the formation of a policy for financing scientific activities in Russia, when working out possible directions for further scientists’ support, and when searching for new mechanisms to support young researchers.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки России в рамках государственного задания РИЭПП № 075‑01614‑22‑01 от 11.05.2022 г. (проект «Организационно-техническое и информационно-аналитическое сопровождение мониторинга инструментов поддержки молодых исследователей в научно-технологической сфере»).The study was financially supported by the Russian Ministry of Education and Science within the framework of the state task РИЭПП № 075‑01614‑22‑01 dated May 11, 2022 (project «Organizational, Technical and Information and Analytical Support for Monitoring Tools to Support Young Researchers in the Scientific and Technological Field»)

DYNAMICS OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS AND STATE OF ANTIBIOTiC THERAPY IN MULTIFIELD CLINIC

We carried out comparative analysis of the results of microbiological researches and antibiotic resistance of main pathogens of nosocomial infections from 2005 to 2010 years. During this period quota of MRSE (65—74 %), MRSA (22,7—35 %) is stably high and. especially quota of producers of different β-lactamases among other Enterobacteriaceae pathogens (3,2—65 %) increased that caused, significant expenses for antibiotic therapy by carbapenems (22,7—40 %), glycopeptides (2,7—10 %). Monitoring of tendencies of resistance of the most important pathogens of hospital infections optimication of antimicrobial therapy and introduction, of the system of preventive measures allowed, to decrease economic expenses for antimicrobial means to 17,5 %

Psychological and educational prevention of conflict behavior in preschool children

In this article describes features of child behavior in conflict situations in preschool age. The results can be used to create programs to improve the emotional background of the group and reducing overall aggressiveness.В данной статье рассмотрены особенности детского поведения в конфликтных ситуациях в дошкольном возрасте. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для создания программ по улучшению эмоционального фона в группе и снижения общей агрессивности

Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics Doped with Silver, Copper, Zinc, and Iron (III) Ions in Concentrations of Less Than 0.5 wt.% for Bone Tissue Regeneration

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.Novel materials with a variety of properties, such as biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, interconnected porosity, and functionalities combined in one, are required for regenerative medicine. Porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ceramics doped with Cu2+, Zn2+, Ag+, and Fe3+ ions in the concentrations of less than 0.5 wt.% were synthesized and investigated. The obtained samples were analyzed by the diversity of analytical tools. The structure, solubility, and antimicrobial properties of the porous ceramics are shown to be very sensitive to the presence and the type of the cationic substituent. It opens the way to manage structure and properties of the materials for bone tissue regeneration by co-doping of the initial matrix simultaneously with different types of substituent ions

MANAJEMEN STRATEGI PELAKSANAAN KURIKULUM DALAM MEWUJUDKAN MADRASAH UNGGUL (Studi atas MA Muhammadiyah Kota Metro)

The public demand for quality or quality education is increasing. This phenomenon is at least influenced by two main factors namely; factors of globalization challenges and parents' awareness of the need for quality or quality education for their children. Another phenomenon that is not less interesting, today many schools are qualified and give more religious content became the first choice for parents, this condition is a challenge as well as opportunities for Senior High School  (MA) Muhammadiyah Metro City to rise from the shackles of dualism that is artificial and dualism management at once showcasing the various advantages that can be an attraction at the same time can invite public interest to make this institution as an option for the continuation of their children's education. This study aims to analyze management and strategy Implementation of the curriculum in realizing Senior High School (MA) Muhammadiyah Metro City Becomes a Superior School. This type of research is descriptive qualitative in which the data collection in this study was conducted by the method of observation, interview, and documentation study. Data that have been collected is then analyzed descriptively qualitative to then drawn conclusions. The results of this study will show that the management and implementation strategy of the curriculum in realizing Senior High School Muhammadiyah Metro City becomes a superior school. The results of this study recommend to management tiem in the implementation of the curriculum in realizing Senior High School Muhammadiyah Metro City Becomes a Superior School

Subjective perception by students of quality and significance of the employment and their psychoemotical condition

In this article, we examine the relationship between the psych emotional state of students of clinical psychologists in the classroom with the assessment of the quality and significance of the training. The research was carried out with the purpose of revealing the consistency of the subjective perception of the educational process and the emotional attitude of the students towards it. The results obtained can be used to improve the quality of education and help students develop a motivational sphere.В данной статье рассмотрена связь психоэмоционального состояния студентов клинических психологов на занятии с оценкой ими качества и значимости обучения. Исследование было проведено с целью выявления согласованности субъективного восприятия учебного процесса и эмоционального отношения студентов к нему. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в целях улучшения качества образования и помощи студентам в развитии мотивационной сфер

The Pandora multi-algorithm approach to automated pattern recognition of cosmic-ray muon and neutrino events in the MicroBooNE detector.

The development and operation of liquid-argon time-projection chambers for neutrino physics has created a need for new approaches to pattern recognition in order to fully exploit the imaging capabilities offered by this technology. Whereas the human brain can excel at identifying features in the recorded events, it is a significant challenge to develop an automated, algorithmic solution. The Pandora Software Development Kit provides functionality to aid the design and implementation of pattern-recognition algorithms. It promotes the use of a multi-algorithm approach to pattern recognition, in which individual algorithms each address a specific task in a particular topology. Many tens of algorithms then carefully build up a picture of the event and, together, provide a robust automated pattern-recognition solution. This paper describes details of the chain of over one hundred Pandora algorithms and tools used to reconstruct cosmic-ray muon and neutrino events in the MicroBooNE detector. Metrics that assess the current pattern-recognition performance are presented for simulated MicroBooNE events, using a selection of final-state event topologies

Design and construction of the MicroBooNE Cosmic Ray Tagger system

The MicroBooNE detector utilizes a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) with an 85 t active mass to study neutrino interactions along the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. With a deployment location near ground level, the detector records many cosmic muon tracks in each beam-related detector trigger that can be misidentified as signals of interest. To reduce these cosmogenic backgrounds, we have designed and constructed a TPC-external Cosmic Ray Tagger (CRT). This sub-system was developed by the Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein center for fundamental physics, University of Bern. The system utilizes plastic scintillation modules to provide precise time and position information for TPC-traversing particles. Successful matching of TPC tracks and CRT data will allow us to reduce cosmogenic background and better characterize the light collection system and LArTPC data using cosmic muons. In this paper we describe the design and installation of the MicroBooNE CRT system and provide an overview of a series of tests done to verify the proper operation of the system and its components during installation, commissioning, and physics data-taking

Noise Characterization and Filtering in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon TPC

The low-noise operation of readout electronics in a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) is critical to properly extract the distribution of ionization charge deposited on the wire planes of the TPC, especially for the induction planes. This paper describes the characteristics and mitigation of the observed noise in the MicroBooNE detector. The MicroBooNE's single-phase LArTPC comprises two induction planes and one collection sense wire plane with a total of 8256 wires. Current induced on each TPC wire is amplified and shaped by custom low-power, low-noise ASICs immersed in the liquid argon. The digitization of the signal waveform occurs outside the cryostat. Using data from the first year of MicroBooNE operations, several excess noise sources in the TPC were identified and mitigated. The residual equivalent noise charge (ENC) after noise filtering varies with wire length and is found to be below 400 electrons for the longest wires (4.7 m). The response is consistent with the cold electronics design expectations and is found to be stable with time and uniform over the functioning channels. This noise level is significantly lower than previous experiments utilizing warm front-end electronics.Comment: 36 pages, 20 figure