Reconstruction of Long Anterior Urethral Strictures by Dorsally Quilted Penile Skin Flap

Objective. To present the results of reconstruction of long (>5 cm), penile, bulbar, and bulbopenile urethral strictures by penile skin flap as dorsal onlay in one-stage procedure. Patients and Methods. Between January, 1998 and December, 2004, 18 patients (aged from 28-65 years) presented with long urethral strictures, 5.6–13.2 cm (penile in 6, bulbar in 2 and combined in 10 cases), those were repaired utilizing long penile skin flaps placed as dorsal onlay flap in one stage (Orandi flap 6 cm in 6 cases, circular flaps 7–10 cm in 8, and spiral flaps 10–15 cm in 4). Followup of all patients after reconstruction included urine flow rate at weekly intervals, RUG at 6–12 weeks, and urethrocystoscopy at 12 and 18 months. Results. The urethral patency was achieved in 77% of patients. The complications were fistula in one patient (5.5%), restricture occurred in 3 patients (16.6%) that required visual internal urethrotomy and two patients (11%) showed curvature on erection that dose not interfere with sexual intercourse. Diverticulum (penile urethra) was seen in one patient (5.5%) containing stones and was excised surgically. There was penile skin loss in 3 patients (16.6%). All patients completed at least one-year followup period. Conclusion. Free penile skin flaps offer good results (functional and cosmetic) in long penile and/or bulbar urethral strictures. Meticulously fashioned longitudinal, circular or spiral penile skin flaps could bridge urethral defects up to 15 cm long

Modeling the viscoplastic behavior of Inconel 718 at 1200 F

A large number of tests, including tensile, creep, fatigue, and creep-fatigue were performed to characterize the mechanical properties of Inconel 718 (a nickel based superalloy) at 1200 F, the operating temperature for turbine blades. In addition, a few attempts were made to model the behavior of Inconel 718 at 1200 F using viscoplastic theories. The Chaboche theory of viscoplasticity can model a wide variety of mechanical behavior, including monotonic, sustained, and cyclic responses of homogeneous, initially-isotropic, strain hardening (or softening) materials. It is shown how the Chaboche theory can be used to model the viscoplastic behavior of Inconel 718 at 1200 F. First, an algorithm was developed to systematically determine the material parameters of the Chaboche theory from uniaxial tensile, creep, and cyclic data. The algorithm is general and can be used in conjunction with similar high temperature materials. A sensitivity study was then performed and an optimal set of Chaboche's parameters were obtained. This study has also indicated the role of each parameter in modeling the response to different loading conditions

Exact implicit Solution of Nonlinear Heat Transfer in Rectangular Straight Fin Using Symmetry Reduction Methods

In this paper, the exact implicit solution of the second order nonlinear ordinary differential equation which governing heat transfer in rectangular fin is obtained using symmetry reduction methods. General relationship among the temperature at the fin tip, the temperature gradient at the fin base, the mode of heat transfer, and the fin parameters and ℰ is obtained. Some numerical examples are discussed and it is shown that the temperature of fin increases when approaching from the heat source. The relationship between the fin efficiency and the temperature of fin tip is obtained for any value of the mode of heat transfer . The relationship between the fin efficiency and both the parameter and ε the temperature gradient at the fin base is obtained. To our best knowledge, solutions obtained in this paper are new

Influence of Melissa officinalis essential oil and its formulation on Typhlodromips swirskii and Neoseiulus barkeri (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

The toxicity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil and its formulation (Melissacide) were evaluated against eggs and females of two predatory phytoseiid mites, Typhlodromips swirskii (Athias Henriot) and Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes), using direct spray. Results indicate that both tested materials were potent on predatory females than egg stage. Typhlodromips swirskii was proved to be more sensitive to the oil and formulation than N. barkeri. Females mortality were (62-100%) in T. swirskii, and (46-69%) in N. barkeri, when both predatory mites were sprayed with LC50 and LC90 of the oil and Melissacide reported on Tetranychus urticae Koch. Females of both predators were suffered from reduction in food consumption when sprayed with two sublethal concentrations of Melissacide, while insignificant differences reported in daily number of eggs deposited by females of T. swirskii, when sprayed with its LC25 value of Melissacide and control

Anatomical variations of hepatic artery using the multidetector computed tomography angiography

Background: The frequency of normal and aberrant hepatic arteries differs among ethnicities. The aim of our work was to study the frequency of normal and aberrant hepatic arteries among Egyptians using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and to compare our prevalence with the prevalence of other nationalities. In addition, the gender differences of such variations were clarified. Moreover, the arterial feeding of hepatic segment IV was determined. Materials and methods: The present study was carried out on 500 patients (409 males and 91 females). Abdominal CT was performed using two MDCT systems, a 64-row, and a 256-slice system. Results: According to Michel’s classification, the normal anatomy (type I) was observed in 369 (73.8%) cases, while anomalous hepatic arterial pattern was detected in 131 (26.2%) cases. These anomalies were distributed as follows: type II in 36 (7.2%) cases, type III in 60 (12%) cases, types IV and V in 5 cases for each (1% each), type VI in 14 (2.8%) and types VIII and IX in a single case for each (0.2% each). Neither type VII nor type X was detected. Nine (1.8%) unclassified cases were observed. According to Hiaat’s classification, the anomalies were distributed as follows: type II in 41 (8.2%) cases, type III in 74 (14.8%) cases, type IV in 6 (1.2%) cases, type V in a single case (0.2%) and type VI in 2 (0.4%) cases. Finally, 7 (1.4%) unclassified cases were observed. Common hepatic artery (CHA) originated from coeliac trunk in 98% (79.8% males and 18.2% females). It originated from the abdominal aorta in 0.4% and from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in 0.4%. It was absent in 1.2%. Right hepatic artery (RHA) originated from the CHA in 86.6% (69.8% males and 16.8% females) and from the SMA in 13.2% (11.8% males and 1.4% females) and from the abdominal aorta in 0.2% (a single male case). Left hepatic artery (LHA) originated from the CHA in 91.2% and from the left gastric artery (LGA) in 8.8%. The most common origin of the segment IV blood supply was the LHA in 60.8%, followed by the RHA in 35%. Less commonly, blood supply derived from the hepatic artery proper (HAP) in 1%. Combined supply derived from RHA and LHA in 0.8%, from the LHA and HAP in 2% and the least encountered was from the RHA and HAP in 0.4%. Conclusions: Hepatic artery variations among Egyptians have a different distribution when compared to such variations among other species. The normal hepatic arterial pattern was observed in 73.8%, while the anomalous was detected in 26.2%. The CHA originated from the coeliac trunk in 98%, the RHA originated from the CHA in 86.6% and the LHA originated from the CHA in 91.2%. The most common arterial supply of the hepatic segment IV is derived from the LHA (60.2%)

Inhibitory activity of benzo[h]quinoline and benzo[h]chromene in human glioblastoma cells

Purpose: To carry out a neat synthesis of 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-8-methoxy-4-phenylbenzo[h]quinoline-3- carbonitrile (compound 2) and 2-amino-5,6-dihydro-8-methoxy-4-phenyl-4H-benzo[h]chromene-3- carbonitrile (compound 3) and evaluate their cytotoxic activity in human glioblastoma cells.Methods: Benzo[h]quinoline and benzo[h]chromene were synthesized by treating 6-methoxy-1- tetralone with benzylidenemalononitrile under microwave irradiation. The structures of compounds 2 and 3 were confirmed by elemental, spectral, and x-ray crystallographic analyses. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 2 and 3 was evaluated using WST-1 assay in U373 human glioblastoma cell line.Results: The molecular structures of compounds 2 and 3 were demonstrated unambiguously from single crystal x-ray measurements and they crystallized in triclinic form, P-1, for both compounds. In vitro cytotoxic activity data for compound 2 in human glioblastoma cell line (U373) indicate that no significant cytotoxicity was observed. On the other hand, compound 3 showed highly significant cytotoxic effects on U373 cells at concentrations starting from 0.1 μg/ mL.Conclusion: Compound 3 produces a decrease in cell viability with approximately 80 % cell death while compound 2 did not indicate significant cytotoxic activity. This suggests that the chromene moiety of compound 3 may be responsible for its high cytotoxicity.Keywords: Hydronaphthaline, Benzo[h]quinolone, Benzo[h]chromene, X-ray crystallography, U373 human glioblastoma, Cytotoxicity, Chromene moiet

A new improved Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC method for Determination of Diosmin and hesperidin in combination

Abstrac

Trends in Real Food Prices in Six Sub-Saharan African Countries

Demand and Price Analysis, Downloads July 2008-July 2009: 12,