De l'antropologia a l'educació. Una lectura des de Margaret Mead

En el presente artículo se ensaya una aproximación a la obra de la antropóloga Margaret Mead en clave pedagógica. Siendo así que se muestra una interpretación sobre sus pensamientos alrededor de la educación a partir de los estudios, comentarios y opiniones sobre los sistemas educativos, relaciones educativas y procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje que se explicitan, reiteradamente, a lo largo de su obra. A fin de cuentas, y como la propia autora indicaba, estudiar la educación era implícitamente necesario a todo estudio antropológico. Concepción que la llevó a incluir en la mayor parte de sus estudios, variables de análisis educativos, llegando incluso a centralizar la atención en este ámbito como idea central de algunos de sus escritos. Añadir además que, en esta síntesis se ha optado por presentar la evolución de su pensamiento pedagógico en base a momentos singulares y carismáticos, mostrando así las distintas continuidades y discontinuidades de su pensamiento. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ La présente étude tente une approche de l’oeuvre de l’anthropologue Margaret Mead dans une perspective pédagogique. C’est ainsi qu’est présentée une interprétation sur ses réflexions autour de l’éducation à partir des études, commentaires et opinions sur les systèmes éducatifs, des relations éducatives et des processus d’enseignementapprentissage qui sont explicités, de manière réitérée, tout au long de son oeuvre. En fin de compte, et comme l’auteur elle-même l’indiquait, étudier l’éducation était implicitement nécessaire à toute étude anthropologique. C’est une conception qui l’entraîna d’ailleurs à inclure dans la plupart de ses études des variables d’analyses éducatives, en parvenant même à centrer l’attention sur ce domaine comme idée centrale de certains de ses écrits. Il faut en outre ajouter que l’on a opté, dans cette synthèse, pour présenter l’évolution de sa pensée pédagogique sur la base de moments singuliers et exceptionnels, montrant ainsi les différentes continuités et discontinuités de sa pensée.The present article considers the work of the anthropologist Margaret Mead from an educational perspective. Thus, it offers an interpretation of her ideas on education through reference to the studies, comments and opinions regarding school systems, educational relationships and teaching/learning processes that appear repeatedly throughout her work. After all, and as the author herself pointed out, the study of education is implicitly required by every anthropological study, and this notion led her to include educational variables in most of her research; indeed, some of her writings take this aspect as their focus. The present review opts to present the development of her educational ideas according to key and charismatic features, thus revealing the various continuities and discontinuities in her thinking.En el presente artículo se ensaya una aproximación a la obra de la antropóloga Margaret Mead en clave pedagógica. Siendo así que se muestra una interpretación sobre sus pensamientos alrededor de la educación a partir de los estudios, comentarios y opiniones sobre los sistemas educativos, relaciones educativas y procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje que se explicitan, reiteradamente, a lo largo de su obra. A fin de cuentas, y como la propia autora indicaba, estudiar la educación era implícitamente necesario a todo estudio antropológico. Concepción que la llevó a incluir en la mayor parte de sus estudios, variables de análisis educativos, llegando incluso a centralizar la atención en este ámbito como idea central de algunos de sus escritos. Añadir además que, en esta síntesis se ha optado por presentar la evolución de su pensamiento pedagógico en base a momentos singulares y carismáticos, mostrando así las distintas continuidades y discontinuidades de su pensamiento

Notes florístiques

Exposition of the more interesting floristic results obtained in botanical excursions, that took place during last years, concerning particularly to Conca de Barbera, in the North part of the province of Tarragona . It's interesting to remark the finding of the second know Catalonian locality of Orchis purpurea Huds. and the finding of Arenaria modesta Duf. var. modesta, 80 Km. far from this preceding records. Some new extreme localities are also pointed out for the Catalonian area of Orchis longibracteata Biv., and Euphorbia nevadensis Boiss. et Reut. subsp. aragonensis (Loscos et Pardo ) 0. Bolòs et Vigo var. aragonensis (Loscos et Pardo) 0. Bolòs et Vigo, and Alyssum lapeyrousianum Jord. var. angustifolium (Willk.) 0. Bolòs et Vigo, etc. In all cases, the localization is indicated according U.T.M. grid

Sports, morality and body. The voices of sportswomen under Franco's dictatorship

The aim of this research is to study sportswomen's perceptions and experiences of women's sport in Francoist Spain (1939-1975). The main objective is to analyse the social, moral and aesthetic elements that are present in the experience of these athletes. This study was carried out with an intentional sample of 24 women from Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Basque Country, Catalonia and Valencia. They were interviewed by a network of researchers from six universities. Outstanding results show the existence of social limitations to start sports practice (particularly in the post-war period); the importance of sport as a character-building aspect; sport's remarkable influence on their body self-concept; and the incidence on sports of the mainstream moral discourse, which created a female model that even affected sports clothing. The main conclusion is that sportswomen in that period were pioneers and had to fight against most of society in order to develop their facet as athletes, as they would not follow the established model

Actualización, pronóstico y medidas de intervención para la tríada de la mujer deportista

El propósito de este artículo fue determinar las medidas a adoptar para prevenir, diagnosticar y tratar la tríada de la mujer deportista. Métodos: Se comparan los reportes de numerosos estudios realizados acerca de las causas, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta entidad, con experiencia acumulada en la atención a deportistas de alto rendimiento por especialistas que laboran en este campo. Resultados: Se hizo énfasis en los factores predisponentes y desencadenantes de la aparición de la tríada y se proponen medidas preventivas y curativas de intervención. Conclusiones: Se propone una estrategia encaminada a evitar la aparición de este síndrome

Aptitud anaerobia en deportistas de combate del sexo femenino

Se estudia en nivel de preparación anaerobia en tres selecciones femeninas de deportes de combate de alta calificación: 15 judocas, 7 esgrimistas de la modalidad sable y 16 taekwondoistas. Fueron medidos indicadores neuromusculares, al final de la preparación especial, utilizando los tests de ergosalto y de saltabilidad de Bosco, Se determinan las estadísticas descriptivas, significación de las diferencias entre deportes y la correlación entre indicadores. Se obtienen los resultados: Pala (15,7 ± 2,1-19,2 ± 1,5 W/Kg), Pana (14,5 ± 1,9-17,7 ± 1,2 W/Kg), Los SCAB, SSAB, SCPD, SCPCD y SDPC mas altos fueron los de las esgrimistas y la mejor coordinación se encontró en las competidoras de esgrima, mientras que los mayores valores de CELAS fueron los de las judocas. Los resultados obtenidos se corresponden con las características del gesto deportivo que prevalece en cada uno de los deportes estudiados

SRide: a server for identifying stabilizing residues in proteins

Residues expected to play key roles in the stabilization of proteins [stabilizing residues (SRs)] are selected by combining several methods based mainly on the interactions of a given residue with its spatial, rather than its sequential neighborhood and by considering the evolutionary conservation of the residues. A residue is selected as a stabilizing residue if it has high surrounding hydrophobicity, high long-range order, high conservation score and if it belongs to a stabilization center. The definition of all these parameters and the thresholds used to identify the SRs are discussed in detail. The algorithm for identifying SRs was originally developed for TIM-barrel proteins [M. M. Gromiha, G. Pujadas, C. Magyar, S. Selvaraj, and I. Simon (2004), Proteins, 55, 316–329] and is now generalized for all proteins of known 3D structure. SRs could be applied in protein engineering and homology modeling and could also help to explain certain folds with significant stability. The SRide server is located at

Effect of charge regulation and conformational equilibria in the 2 stretching properties of weak polyelectrolytes

Weak polyelectrolytes can modulate their charge in response to external perturbations, such as changes in the pH, ionic strength (I), or electrostatic interactions with other charged species, a phenomenon known as charge regulation (CR). On the other hand, it is well established that CR is highly coupled with the conformational degrees of freedom. In this paper, the influence of CR in the stretching properties of weak polyelectrolytes is analyzed, and the possibility of CR induced by mechanical stretching is explored. With this aim, we make use of a minimal model, which captures the fundamental aspects present in the stretching of a flexible weak linear polyelectrolyte: internal angle rotation, bond stretching, bond bending, and proton binding, which is the paradigmatic mechanism of CR. The angle rotation is described by using the rotational isomeric state approximation, while for protonation, the site binding model is assumed. Mechanical stretching is studied by performing semi-grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations at different pH and ionic strength conditions. The simulations simultaneously provide both conformational (bond state probabilities, persistence length lP, and chain elongation) and protonation properties (degree of protonation θ and the effective protonation constant Kc). The obtained force−extension curves suggest that the pH value and the ionic strength I have a significant effect on polyelectrolyte stretching. Three different force regimes can be observed. For large forces (F > 100 pN for typical force constants), the force−extension curve is almost independent of the pH and I. For low forces, the persistence length lP is force-independent, although it strongly increases with the pH value. Under this regime, linear and Pincus scaling behaviors are observed. Finally, in the intermediate-force regime, both rotational and protonation degrees of freedom are mechanically activated, and the picture becomes more complicated. It is found that lP increases with F and, under certain conditions, a significant increase of θ with F is observed, indicating that CR could in principle be induced by means of mechanical stretching. This fact can be explained by analyzing the coupling between θ and the probability of a bond to be in the gauche state P(g). P(g) decreases with F as the bonds adopt the trans conformation so that the electrostatic repulsion is reduced and θ increases. Finally, the intricate interplay between short-range and long-range interactions is analyzed, leading to apparently contradictory behaviors (P(g) and lp simultaneously decrease with I), which can only be explained by CR and the presence of complex spatial correlations