Multicriteria problems of regulation when planning building processes

In the rpocess of project construction organization under conditions of limited resources the problem of investor arises, which in onecriteria setting is as follows N invsted projects reindexed i=1,2,...,n are considered, initial parameters of the problem are:- duraion of iproject construction, - expected profit per unit of time from i project after putting it info operation ,-the time fixed , after the expiry of it a fine is paid for each overdued unit of time units in number. The investor resources are limited, i.e., at every moment of time investor can provid delivering of necessary resources only for one project .Any admissible problem decision of investor represents one of n! permutation of of numbers 1,2,..,n. X={x}-is the set of all admissible solutions (SAS) of this problem . In works of different authors the quality of decision is evaluated either by objective function (OF) of the type MINSUM where,by the objective function of the of the type MINMA

Inversionless light amplification and optical switching controlled by state-dependent alignment of molecules

We propose a method to achieve amplification without population inversion by anisotropic molecules whose orientation by an external electric field is state-dependent. It is based on decoupling of the lower-state molecules from the resonant light while the excited ones remain emitting. The suitable class of molecules is discussed, the equation for the gain factor is derived, and the magnitude of the inversionless amplification is estimated for the typical experimental conditions. Such switching of the sample from absorbing to amplifying via transparent state is shown to be possible both with the aid of dc and ac control electric fields.Comment: AMS-LaTeX v1.2, 4 pages with 4 figure

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ОПТИМАЛЬНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ АКТИВІВ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ М’ЯСОПЕРЕРОБНОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ

In today’s economic conditions, problems of functioning of domestic enterprises are not limited by lack of sources of financing of assets, but also often associated with inefficient investment in specific components of property, which adversely affects the level of economic efficiency of Ukrainian enterprises and the development of the economy as a whole. An important factor in making sound, rational and sound decisions about asset management is to improve existing or develop fundamentally new methods and models for optimizing the structure of assets of Ukrainian enterprises using criteria that are most relevant to current economic requirements, environmental challenges and internal objectives. In view of the above, the article demonstrates a clear dependence of the structure of the assets of the enterprise and the key indicators that characterize the effectiveness of its management. The optimal structure of assets for the studied enterprises and possible ways of their achievement are offered taking into account the defined criteria. A comparative assessment of the assets structure of the surveyed enterprises before and after optimization was carried out and on this basis the latter was confirmed by comparing the key parameters of the enterprise performance — profit and market value. A clear sequence of stages of the asset structure optimization model is proposed and described, along with methodological aspects of determining the effective structure of assets, the feasibility of its practical application at Ukrainian enterprises is proved through the achievement of the key goal of the enterprise activity — maximization of market value and profit.У сучасних умовах господарювання проблеми функціонування вітчизняних підприємств не обмежуються браком джерел фінансування активів, але часто пов’язані з неефективним вкладенням коштів у конкретні складові майна, що негативно позначається на рівні ефективності господарювання підприємств України та розвитку економіки в цілому. Вагомим чинником ухвалення зважених, раціональних та обґрунтованих рішень щодо управління активами є удосконалення наявних або розроблення принципово нових методів і моделей оптимізації структури активів підприємств України з використанням критеріїв, які найбільше відповідають сучасним економічним вимогам, викликам зовнішнього середовища та внутрішнім цільовим орієнтирам діяльності підприємства. Зважаючи на вищезазначене, продемонстровано чітку залежність структури активів підприємства і ключових показників, що характеризують ефективність його господарювання. Запропоновано оптимальну з урахуванням визначених критеріїв структуру активів для досліджуваних підприємств та можливі способи їх досягнення. Проведено порівняльну оцінку структури активів досліджуваних підприємств до і після оптимізації та на цій основі підтверджено ефективність останньої шляхом порівняння ключових параметрів ефективності діяльності підприємства — прибутку та ринкової вартості. Запропоновано та описано послідовність етапів моделі оптимізації структури активів із зазначенням методичних аспектів визначення оптимальної структури активів, доведено доцільність її практичного застосування на підприємствах України через досягнення ключової цілі діяльності підприємства — збільшення ринкової вартості та прибутку

Does Inequality Migrate? The Development of Income Inequality across German states

Data availability statement: The data used in this study comes from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), which is a comprehensive household survey conducted for more than 30 years. Oleg Badunenko and I are bound by the contract not to distribute data, so we can't share the data, but we would be happy to share detailed instructions on how to obtain the sample that was used. GSOEP is free of charge for academic researchers.Supporting Information is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12683 .Copyright © 2024 The Authors. This study analyzes the evolution of educational and occupational patterns among migrants and natives, as well as income inequality in Germany from 1985 to 2015. We show that despite migrants catching up in education, employment, and income with their native counterparts, unfavorable societal attitudes toward them have remained virtually unchanged, which can be attributed to Bourdieu's conceptualization of cultural inheritance. We find that while income inequality has increased significantly over the 30-year period, this trend varied considerably by the federal state and that migration did nothing to add to inequality. Since both the German economy and society rely on migrants, there is a strong need for the narratives toward migrants to be based on empirical evidence. The findings of this study hold migrant-related policy implications not only for Germany but also for other developed nations that rely on migrants as a labor force

Sometimes Your Best Just Ain't Good Enough: The Worldwide Evidence on Subjective Well-being Efficiency

Most of the studies on subjective well-being focus on the determinants of absolute life satisfaction or happiness levels. This paper asks an important but understudied question, namely, could countries achieve the same or even higher subjective well-being by using the same resources more efficiently? We provide the first country panel evidence on whether nations efficiently transform their endowments (income, education, and health) into subjective well-being and which factors influence the conversion efficiency. Using data on 91 countries from 2009 to 2014, we find that that well-being efficiency gains are possible worldwide. We show that poor labor market conditions as proxied by unemployment and involuntary part-time employment are associated with lower 'subjective well-being efficiency,' while social support, freedom, and the rule of law improve it. These findings are useful to policymakers in helping identify inefficiencies, reducing wasteful resource use, and developing policies that promote sustainable development and human well-being. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity checks and raise policy-relevant questions about the appropriate instruments to improve subjective well-being efficiency. © 2020 Milena Nikolova and Olga Popova, published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2020

Formation of plasma around a small meteoroid: 1. Kinetic theory

This article is a companion to Dimant and Oppenheim [2017] https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA023963.This paper calculates the spatial distribution of the plasma responsible for radar head echoes by applying the kinetic theory developed in the companion paper. This results in a set of analytic expressions for the plasma density as a function of distance from the meteoroid. It shows that at distances less than a collisional mean free path from the meteoroid surface, the plasma density drops in proportion to 1/R where R is the distance from the meteoroid center; and, at distances much longer than the mean‐free‐path behind the meteoroid, the density diminishes at a rate proportional to 1/R2. The results of this paper should be used for modeling and analysis of radar head echoes.This work was supported by NSF grant AGS-1244842. (AGS-1244842 - NSF

Polystyrene-based nanocomposites with different fillers: fabrication and mechanical properties

The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of elastic properties of polystyrene-based nanocomposites filled with different types of inclusions: small spherical particles (SiO2 and Al2O3), alumosilicates (montmorillonite, halloysite natural tubules and Mica) and carbon nanofillers (carbon black and multi-walled carbon nanotubes). Composites were fabricated by melt technology. The analysis of composite melts showed that the introduction of Montmorillonite, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and Al2O3 particles provided an increase in melt viscosity by an average of 2 to 5 orders of magnitude over the pure polystyrene. Block samples of composites with different filler concentrations were prepared, and their linear and nonlinear elastic properties were studied. The introduction of more rigid particles led to a more profound increase in the elastic modulus of the composite, with the highest rise of about 80% obtained with carbon fillers. Carbon black particles provided also an enhanced strength at break of about 20% higher than that of pure polystyrene. The nonlinear elastic moduli of composites were shown to be more sensitive to addition of filler particles to the polymer matrix than the linear ones. The nonlinearity coefficient $\beta$ comprising the combination of linear and nonlinear elastic moduli of a material demonstrated considerable changes correlating with changes of the Young's modulus. The absolute value of $\beta$ showed rise in 1.5-1.6 times in the CB- and HNT-containing composites as compared to that of pure PS. The changes in nonlinear elasticity of fabricated composites were compared with measurements of the parameters of bulk nonlinear strain waves in them. Variations of wave velocity and decay decrement correlated with observed enhancement of materials nonlinearity

ОНТОЛОГО-КЕРОВАНІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ СИСТЕМИ В ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ БЕЗПЕРЕРВНОГО ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЛІКАРІВ ТА ПРОВІЗОРІВ

The article is devoted to the issue of medical education quality assurance, the improvement of the medical staff qualifications and the continuous professional development of doctors and pharmacists using modern information and communication technologies. The advantages of using the ontological approach to knowledge representation in the process of creation and use of medical information systems in order to provide access to the maximum amount of information through the interoperable integration and aggregation of knowledge-oriented resources and information sources are determined. A brief analysis of existing medical ontologies (from collections of highly specialized thematic ontologies to national terminology health systems), which revealed a number of disadvantages and obstacles to their use in the system of modern medical education in Ukraine is presented. The necessity of creation of a unified interoperable environment with existing ontological solutions by means of unified user interface for increasing the efficiency of continuous professional development of doctors and pharmacists is determined. The main aspects of the development of ontology-driven information systems, which can be used for the medical information systems structure, functionality and interfaces design, but also in the process of using them to solve practical problems, are outlined. The experience of using IT-TODOS cognitive software and information tools that provide interactive temporal and semantic synchronization of information resources, regardless of the format, standards and technologies of their creation, for the design and use of ontology-driven medical information systems is presented. Its functionality and the advantages of using in the process of ensuring the continuous professional development of doctors and pharmacists are described.Стаття присвячена питанню забезпечення якості медичної освіти, підвищення кваліфікації медичних кадрів і безперервного професійного розвитку лікарів та провізорів засобами сучасних інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій. Визна­чені переваги застосування онтологічного підходу до представлення знань у процесі створення і використання медичних інформаційних систем з метою надання доступу до максимально повного обсягу інформації шляхом інтероперабельної інтеграції та агрегації знання-орієнтованих ресурсів та інформаційних джерел. Наведений короткий аналіз існуючих онтологій медичного призначення (від колекцій вузькоспеціалізованих тематичних онтологій до національних термінологічних систем охорони здоров’я), що виявив низку недоліків та перешкод їх використання в системі сучасної медичної освіти в Україні. Визначена необхідність створення єдиного середовища інтероперабельної взаємодії з існуючими онтологічними рішеннями засобами уніфікованого інтерфейсу користувача для підвищення ефективності безперервного професійного розвитку лікарів та провізорів. Викладені основні аспекти розробки онтолого-керованих інформаційних систем, що можуть бути використані не лише при проектуванні і розробці структури, функціоналу та інтерфейсів медичних інформаційних систем, а й у процесі їх використання для вирішення практичних завдань. Представлений досвід застосування ІТ-ТОДОС, когнітивні програмно-інформаційні засоби якої забезпечують інтерактивну інтероперабельну темпоральну та семантичну синхронізацію інформаційних ресурсів незалежно від формату, стандартів і технологій їх створення, для розробки та використання онтолого-керованих медичних інформаційних систем, наведений її функціонал та переваги використання в процесі забезпечення безперервного професійного розвитку лікарів та провізорів

Former Communist Party Membership and Present-day Entrepreneurship

After the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe, former party members were particularly likely to start businesses and become entrepreneurs. What remains unclear, however, is whether this entrepreneurial activity was driven by the resources, information, and opportunities provided by former party membership or because individuals with specific individual attributes were more likely to become Communist cadres (self-selection). This study is the first to separate the causal effect of former Communist party membership from self-selection. Using individual-level Life in Transition-III survey data and a control function approach, we find that former Communist party membership has facilitated business set-up but not business longevity in Central and Eastern European countries. We also show that people who joined the former ruling party had fewer of the traits associated with entrepreneurship such as unobservable personality traits, ability, motivation, and entrepreneurial aptitude, and as such were negatively self-selected. We show that former Communist party membership still matters for business practices, business ethics, and the nature of doing business in transition economies. © 2020, The Author(s).We are thankful to two anonymous referees and the Associate Editor László Szerb, as well as Frank Fossen, Michael Wyrwich, Aard Groen, Olga Belousova, Andrew Austin, Ira N. Gang, and participants of the University of Groningen’s Centre of Entrepreneurship Research Seminar for valuable comments and suggestions. Popova acknowledges the support from Russian Science Foundation grant No. 19-18-00262

Stalin and the Origins of Mistrust

We examine current differences in trust levels within the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) and trace their origins back to the system of forced labor during Stalin, which was marked by high incarceration rates and harsh punishments. We explore whether those exposed to knowledge about the repressions became less trusting and transferred this social norm to future generations and communities. We argue that political repressions were more salient and visible to local communities living near forced labor camps (gulags), which symbolized the harshness of Stalin's regime. Combining contemporary survey data with the geolocation of forced labor camps, we find that living near former gulags lowers present-day social trust and civic engagement. These effects are independent of living near places where Stalin's victims were arrested. Moreover, they are above and beyond any experiences with war or civil conflict that the extant literature documents, indicating that the gulag system's repressiveness is a crucial trigger of the mistrust culture within the FSU countries today. As such, we furnish novel evidence on how past political repression matters for current socioeconomic outcomes. © 2022 The Author(s).All three coauthors have contributed equally. This paper initially appeared as GLO Discussion Paper 344 and IZA Discussion Paper 12326 and should be replaced by the current version, which is substantively new. The authors thank Michaela Bia, Katrin Boeckh, Shuai Chen, Natalia Danzer, Filipe dos Reis, Paul Elhorst, Richard Frensch, Ira Gang, Kseniia Gatskova, Scott Gehlbach, Guido Hausmann, Herman Hoen, Stepan Jurajda, Morgan Kelly, Krisztina Kis-Katos, Mariko Klasing, Katerina Kralova, Lukas Linsi, Anthony Lepinteur, Anastasiya Lisina, Saliha Metinsoy, Petros Milionis, Javier Olivera, Elizaveta Pronkina, Martin Fernandez Sanchez, Thomas Siedler, Gerhard Toews, Felipe Valencia, Pierre-Louis Vezina, Hans-Joachim Voth, and participants in the 2021 Allied Social Science Associations (ASSA) paper session ‘‘The Long Shadow of Communism,” the 2021 European Society for Population Economics (ESPE) conference, 2021 Armenian Economic Association (ArmEA) conference, 2021 European Public Choice Society (EPCS) conference, 2021 WEast Berlin Conference, as well as participants at research seminars at LISER, UWE Bristol, the Free University Berlin, University of Groningen, IOS Regensburg, and Corvinus University for useful comments and suggestions. We are grateful to Martien Scheepens and the Geodienst at the University of Groningen (and especially to Hannah ter Steege and Wouter Wijbrands) for help with mapping. Furthermore, we thank Alonso Gonzales for digitizing historical railroads maps, and Erkinai Derkenbaeva for excellent research assistance with collecting data on altitudes and the location of current prisons. We are thankful to John S. Huffstot for copy-editing and proofreading. All errors are our own. Vladimir Otrachshenko acknowledges the funding by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) from funds of Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation (BMZ), SDGnexus Network (Grant No. 57526248), program ‘‘exceed – Hochschulexzellenz in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit.