11,052 research outputs found
Characterisation and representation of non-dissipative electromagnetic medium with a double light cone
We study Maxwell's equations on a 4-manifold N with a medium that is
non-dissipative and has a linear and pointwise response. In this setting, the
medium can be represented by a suitable (2,2)-tensor on the 4-manifold N.
Moreover, in each cotangent space on N, the medium defines a Fresnel surface.
Essentially, the Fresnel surface is a tensorial analogue of the dispersion
equation that describes the response of the medium for signals in the geometric
optics limit. For example, in isotropic medium the Fresnel surface is at each
point a Lorentz light cone. In a recent paper, I. Lindell, A. Favaro and L.
Bergamin introduced a condition that constrains the polarisation for plane
waves. In this paper we show (under suitable assumptions) that a slight
strengthening of this condition gives a pointwise characterisation of all
medium tensors for which the Fresnel surface is the union of two distinct
Lorentz null cones. This is for example the behaviour of uniaxial medium like
calcite. Moreover, using the representation formulas from Lindell et al. we
obtain a closed form representation formula that pointwise parameterises all
medium tensors for which the Fresnel surface is the union of two distinct
Lorentz null cones. Both the characterisation and the representation formula
are tensorial and do not depend on local coordinates
On the concepts of radial and angular kinetic energies
We consider a general central-field system in D dimensions and show that the
division of the kinetic energy into radial and angular parts proceeds
differently in the wavefunction picture and the Weyl-Wigner phase-space
picture. Thus, the radial and angular kinetic energies are different quantities
in the two pictures, containing different physical information, but the
relation between them is well defined. We discuss this relation and illustrate
its nature by examples referring to a free particle and to a ground-state
hydrogen atom.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev.
Nonflammable, antistatic, and heat-sealable film
Antistatic, heat-sealable, nonflammable films prepared from polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene chloride resin
Extreme points of the set of density matrices with positive partial transpose
We present a necessary and sufficient condition for a finite dimensional
density matrix to be an extreme point of the convex set of density matrices
with positive partial transpose with respect to a subsystem. We also give an
algorithm for finding such extreme points and illustrate this by some examples.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure
Statistical properties of Klauder-Perelomov coherent states for the Morse potential
We present in this paper a realistic construction of the coherent states for
the Morse potential using the Klauder-Perelomov approach . We discuss the
statistical properties of these states, by deducing the Q- and P-distribution
functions. The thermal expectations for the quantum canonical ideal gas of the
Morse oscillators are also calculated
Formal Analysis of V2X Revocation Protocols
Research on vehicular networking (V2X) security has produced a range of
security mechanisms and protocols tailored for this domain, addressing both
security and privacy. Typically, the security analysis of these proposals has
largely been informal. However, formal analysis can be used to expose flaws and
ultimately provide a higher level of assurance in the protocols.
This paper focusses on the formal analysis of a particular element of
security mechanisms for V2X found in many proposals: the revocation of
malicious or misbehaving vehicles from the V2X system by invalidating their
credentials. This revocation needs to be performed in an unlinkable way for
vehicle privacy even in the context of vehicles regularly changing their
pseudonyms. The REWIRE scheme by Forster et al. and its subschemes BASIC and
RTOKEN aim to solve this challenge by means of cryptographic solutions and
trusted hardware.
Formal analysis using the TAMARIN prover identifies two flaws with some of
the functional correctness and authentication properties in these schemes. We
then propose Obscure Token (OTOKEN), an extension of REWIRE to enable
revocation in a privacy preserving manner. Our approach addresses the
functional and authentication properties by introducing an additional key-pair,
which offers a stronger and verifiable guarantee of successful revocation of
vehicles without resolving the long-term identity. Moreover OTOKEN is the first
V2X revocation protocol to be co-designed with a formal model.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure
Segregation, precipitation, and \alpha-\alpha' phase separation in Fe-Cr alloys: a multi-scale modelling approach
Segregation, precipitation, and phase separation in Fe-Cr systems is
investigated. Monte Carlo simulations using semiempirical interatomic
potential, first-principles total energy calculations, and experimental
spectroscopy are used. In order to obtain a general picture of the relation of
the atomic interactions and properties of Fe-Cr alloys in bulk, surface, and
interface regions several complementary methods has to be used. Using Exact
Muffin-Tin Orbitals method the effective chemical potential as a function of Cr
content (0-15 at.% Cr) is calculated for a surface, second atomic layer and
bulk. At ~10 at.% Cr in the alloy the reversal of the driving force of a Cr
atom to occupy either bulk or surface sites is obtained. The Cr containing
surfaces are expected when the Cr content exceeds ~10 at.%. The second atomic
layer forms about 0.3 eV barrier for the migration of Cr atoms between bulk and
surface atomic layer. To get information on Fe-Cr in larger scales we use
semiempirical methods. Using combined Monte Carlo molecular dynamics
simulations, based on semiempirical potential, the precipitation of Cr into
isolated pockets in bulk Fe-Cr and the upper limit of the solubility of Cr into
Fe layers in Fe/Cr layer system is studied. The theoretical predictions are
tested using spectroscopic measurements. Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
and Auger electron spectroscopy investigations were carried out to explore Cr
segregation and precipitation in Fe/Cr double layer and Fe_0.95Cr_0.05 and
Fe_0.85Cr_0.15 alloys. Initial oxidation of Fe-Cr was investigated
experimentally at 10^-8 Torr pressure of the spectrometers showing intense
Cr_2O_3 signal. Cr segregation and the formation of Cr rich precipitates were
traced by analysing the experimental spectral intensities with respect to
annealing time, Cr content, and kinetic energy of the exited electron.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, 52 reference
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