A Urbanização Recente de Aracruz

O presente estudo trata de uma análise das transformações ocorridas no espaço do município de Aracruz, localizado na região norte do Estado do Espírito Santo. Essas transformações estão na maior parte das vezes associadas ao desenvolvimento industrial que ali ocorreu a partir da década de 1970. A finalidade desse trabalho é abordar a urbanização como um processo inacabado, que inova a configuração espacial a cada período histórico. Tem-se como princípio para o entendimento desse processo de mudanças espaciais o estudo da produção de moradia para o mercado. O intuito do trabalho também é identificar os agentes produtores e consumidores dessas novas formas espaciais

The significance of GATA3 expression in breast cancer: a 10-year follow-up study.

GATA3 is a transcription factor closely associated with estrogen receptor alpha in breast carcinoma, with a potential prognostic utility. This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of GATA3 in estrogen receptor alpha-positive and estrogen receptor alpha-negative breast carcinomas. One hundred sixty-six cases of invasive breast carcinomas with 10-year follow-up information were analyzed. Positive GATA3 and estrogen receptor alpha cases were defined as greater than 20% of cells staining. Time to cancer recurrence and time to death were analyzed with survival methods. Of 166 patients, 40 were estrogen receptor alpha negative and 121 estrogen receptor alpha positive. Thirty-eight (23%) recurrences and 51 (31%) deaths were observed. In final multivariable analyses, GATA3-positive tumors had about two thirds the recurrence risk of GATA3-negative tumors (hazard ratio = 0.65, P = .395) and comparable mortality risk (hazard ratio = 0.86, P = .730). In prespecified subgroup analyses, the protective effect of GATA3 expression was most pronounced among estrogen receptor alpha-positive patients who received tamoxifen (hazard ratio = 0.57 for recurrence and 0.68 for death). We found no statistically significant differences in recurrence or survival rates between GATA3-positive and GATA3-negative tumors. However, there was a suggestion of a modest-to-strong protective effect of GATA3 expression among estrogen receptor alpha-positive patients receiving hormone therapy

Mixed-Integer MPC Strategies for Fueling and Density Control in Fusion Tokamaks

Model predictive control (MPC) is promising for fueling and core density feedback control in nuclear fusion tokamaks, where the primary actuators, frozen hydrogen fuel pellets fired into the plasma, are discrete. Previous density feedback control approaches have only approximated pellet injection as a continuous input due to the complexity that it introduces. In this letter, we model plasma density and pellet injection as a hybrid system and propose two MPC strategies for density control: mixed-integer (MI) MPC using a conventional mixed-integer programming (MIP) solver and MPC utilizing our novel modification of the penalty term homotopy (PTH) algorithm. By relaxing the integer requirements, the PTH algorithm transforms the MIP problem into a series of continuous optimization problems, reducing computational complexity. Our novel modification to the PTH algorithm ensures that it can handle path constraints, making it viable for constrained hybrid MPC in general. Both strategies perform well with regards to reference tracking without violating path constraints and satisfy the computation time limit for real-time control of the pellet injection system. However, the computation time of the PTH-based MPC strategy consistently outpaces the conventional MI-MPC strategy

Ingestive behaviour and performance of feedlot lambs fed saccharine sorghum and corn silages

This study evaluated the ingestive behaviour and performance of feedlot lambs fed saccharine sorghum and corn silages. Ten animals were randomly selected from a group of 32 uncastrated male Suffolk lambs. The four treatments consisted of diets with 50% of silage made from forage sorghum (BD 1615), two varieties of saccharine sorghum (BRS 506 and BRS 511), and corn (BRS 2223). Ingestive behaviour was observed by a scan sampling method using seven strategically positioned video cameras so as not to interfere with the usual animal behaviour. The animals were observed for three 48-hour periods at 15-day intervals, with a total of 144 hours of observation. Video recordings were then examined to identify the time spent in ruminating, eating, drinking water and idling. Times spent feeding or drinking water were not significantly affected by the treatments. Animals fed forage sorghum silage had higher neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intake (0.41 kg of NDF), thus spent more time ruminating (342 min/day). Rumination time was similar for the BD 1615 and BRS 506 silages and was 85 min/day greater than for the BRS 511 and BRS 2223 silages, which were similar. Average daily gain was greater for BRS 2223 (275 g/day) than for BRS 506 and BRS 511 silages, which were similar (196 g/day). Ingestive behaviour for BRS 511 was similar to that observed for BRS 2223. Ingestive behaviour for BRS 506 was similar to that observed for BD 1615. Average daily gain was related to intake and ruminating efficiency. Keywords: eating, idling, roughage, rumination, sheep (Ovis aires