Evaluation of primer sequence targeting inv A gene of Salmonella sp. by in silico PCR

In silico PCR via algorithm and computer simulation aim to provide an easy way to analyse and obtain the theoretical PCR results we may expect from DNA, by using up to date bacterial genomes sequences. In this study, primer set invA-F and invA-R targeting Salmonella invasion gene, invA, was evaluated by in-silico PCR amplification against prokaryotic genome of major foodborne pathogens. A total of 127 strains of bacterial genome sequences from Salmonella sp.(27), Escherichia sp.(59), Listeria sp.(26) and Campylobacter sp.(15) were used as DNA templates in the PCR simulation analysis. The primer set simulatively amplified a single band of 285 bp PCR product with all 25 strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, whereas no amplification is produced with Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae. There was no cross-reaction obtained with other bacterial genomes indicated that the primer set is specific to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica only. PCR experiments using invA-F and invA-R that was carried out in the laboratory had successfully amplified the 285 bp amplicons using DNA from S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Polarum and S. Gallinarum

Sitting Posture Amongst Level One Primary Schoolchildren (Lops) In Perlis, Kedah And Pulau Pinang

This study is a continuous study of previous paper ( Wahyuni Masyidah, Noor Azlina & Muhammad Fauzi 2015). Based on the quantitative result of mismatch between anthropometric and chair dimensions amongst LOPS show that over 96% did not fit to school chair dimension during learning session in the class, and only 4% were fitted to the school chair in class. Due to the mismatch result, the aim of this paper is to reveal the qualitative result of the study which frequent types of sitting postures that attribute to discomfort that have been identified amongst Level One Primary Schoolchildren (LOPS) in Kedah Perlis and Pulau Pinang. The qualitative analysis consist 12 respondent that randomly been taken between 7 to 9 years old from different primary school in Perlis, Kedah and Pulau Pinang. It can be concluded that the sitting postures amongst LOPS could lead towards permanent damage to the body and jeopardize the children’s health

Relationship Between Self-Concept, Family Relationship and Externalizing Behavior Among Adolescents in Selangor

The main purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between self-concept, family relationship quality and externalizing behavior problem (aggressive behavior and delinquency behavior) among adolescents in Selangor. Besides that, this study also to determine the level of self- concept, family relationship quality and externalizing behavior among secondary school students as well as to compare the differences between these three variables according to sex. A total of 400 students (nmale =53%, nfemale=47%) from secondary schools were selected in this study. The multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used during sample selection. Data were obtained from self- administered questionnaire that are consist of Individual Protective Factors Index Questionnaire (1992), Family Relationship Characteristics (1997), Aggression Scale (2001) and Problem Behavior Frequency Scale (1977). The findings revealed that majority of students have moderate level of self- concept, family relationship quality as well as externalizing behavior. In terms of sex differences, the results showed that family belief, family structure and externalizing behavior have significant differences according to sex (t= -4.393 to 7.588, p<0.01). Moreover, result indicated that there were negative significant relationship between self-concept, family cohesion and family structure with aggressive behavior (r= -0.210 to -0.153, p<0.01). Moreover, the result showed the negative significant relationship between family structure and delinquency behavior (r= -0.104, p<0.05). These results suggest that self concept and family relationship quality are an importance factors for the development of adolescents behaviors

To See The Impact Of Various Interventions On Staff Knowledge And Compliances By Conducting Waste Audit In Kpj Seremban Specialist Hospital Malaysia

In April 2012 , a survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to all staff focusing on staff compliance and knowledge in managing hospital wastes. 500 questionnaires had been distributed. However only 363 questionnaires had been collected which is 72.6% of the sample. After the survey, various interventions had been carried out from May 2012 to September 2012 including producing the guidelines to manage hospital wastes, continuous teaching for all staff, monthly briefing at every department and monthly round by a team headed by outsource officer who is in charge of waste management to check the compliance, guidelines on audit of waste and training of head of departments on how to conduct waste audit. In October 2012 ,waste audit was conducted to find out the compliance among staff including clinical waste, chemical waste, domestic and food waste, electrical and electronic equipment waste. Audit check points include consignment notes, reports as required by laws and regulations, handling, segregation, storage, collection, transportation and disposal. Results were later compared to both national and international benchmarking .The clinical and chemical waste generated in KPJ Seremban were 39% compared to 20%-40% for Malaysian hospitals and 15% for American hospital. For domestic and kitchen waste, KPJ Seremban generated 61% compared to 60%-80% for Malaysia hospitals and 85% for American hospitals. Therefore KPJ Seremban was within the national and international standards

Green biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using ‘Polygonum hydropiper’ and study its catalytic degradation of methylene blue

The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with the small size and high stability paved the way to improve and protect the environment by decreasing the use of toxic chemicals and eliminating biological risks in biomedical applications. Plant mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles is gaining more importance owing its simplicity, rapid rate of synthesis of nanoparticles and eco-friendliness. In this study, focus on biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Polygonum hydropiper extract and its catalytic degradation of hazardous dye, methylene blue has been highlighted. The rapid reduction of silver (Ag) ions was monitored using UV-Visible spectrophotometer and showed formation of silver nanoparticles within less than one hour with maximum absorption of silver nanoparticles at 430 nm. The major functional groups present in the synthesis responsible for the formation of silver nanoparticles. It was identified by using Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). Field Electron Scanning Microscope (FESEM) was used to characterise the nanoparticles synthesized using P.hydropiper. The morphology of silver nanoparticles was predominantly spherical and aggregated into irregular structure with average diameter of 60 nm. In addition, this report emphasizes the effect of the silver nanoparticles on the degradation rate of hazardous dyes by sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The efficiency of silver nanoparticles as a promising candidate for the catalysis of organic dyes by NaBH4 through the electron transfer process is established in the present study

A study of nano structure by roll to roll imprint lithography

Imprint lithography process is a unique printing technique that create graphic, electronic and biomedical printed on substrates. PET plastics are an example of materials that can be used as printing substrate in producing nano-scale electronic and medical devices. Here, it is proposed that extending imprint lithography technique into the multiple nano-structure printing fine solid lines onto substrate. Imprint lithography is a low cost printing technique commonly used in manufacturing and printing industry. This study exhibit successful fine solid lines imprinting below 1 micrometer in line width, gap and height on polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) substrate. This paper illustrates the use of imprint lithography method in producing multiple nano-solid lines printing capability as application of printing electronic, graphic and bio-medical