Surgical and functional outcome of management of anterior column with posterior hemitransverse fracture of acetabulum

Fractures of acetabulum are relatively uncommon, but as they involve the major weight bearing joint in lower extremity, they assume great clinical importance. The displaced acetabular fracture fragments result in hip joint incongruity which in turn leads to abnormal pressure distribution over the articular cartilage surface. This may lead to accelerated breakdown of the articular cartilage, resulting in disabling irreversible arthritis of hip joint. The aim of treatment of these difficult acetabular fractures is concentric reduction of femur head under the weight bearing dome of acetabulum resulting in anatomic reduction and followed by a stable fixation. This can be achieved only by adequately exposing the acetabulum and by rigid internal fixation. In our series 20 patients were included. Majority of the patients were males with mean age of 43.85±16.88 years. Most common mechanism of injury was road traffic accident. Right side was most affected. Most of the cases were isolated injuries. Majority of the cases had no complications. At the final follow up, most of the cases had Excellent follow-up according to Modified Merle d’Aubigne and Postel score. Surgical management of Anterior column with posterior hemitransverse fracture of acetabulum gives excellent outcomes with least number of complications

कर्नाटक के नदिमुखों में पिंजरा मछली पालन

Estuarine Cage farming in Karnatak

Food and feeding habits of the narrow barred Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepede, 1800) off Karnataka, south-west coast of India

Scomberomorus commerson were collected on weekly basis during January 2012 to December 2014 at Mangalore Fishing Harbour. Stomach of 214 narrow barred Spanish mackerel measuring from 48 to 105 cm fork length (FL) for males and 45.5 to 115 cm FL for females were analysed to study their feeding habits. Fish with empty stomach were prevalent in almost all the months. Prey mainly comprised of fishes and crustaceans, with the fish component forming 99.9%. The index of relative importance (IRI) showed that the dominant prey were semi-digested fish remains (44.6%) of Sardinella longiceps (30.1%), Decapterus sp. (18.7%), whitebaits (2.5%), Rastrelliger kanagurta (1.5%) and Epinephelus spp. (1.1%), while Saurida sp. (0.7%), Megalaspis cordyla (0.5%), Scombroides sp. (0.2%) and shrimps (0.1%) were found occasionally in the gut. Index of stomach fullness (SFI) was 0.11 in August and 0.65 in January. Generally, SFI was higher during September to January and lower during February to August. The empty stomach ratio (ESR) ranged from 33.3% (August) to 92.3% (April)

Is Endophytic Colonization of Host Plants a Method of Alleviating Drought Stress?: Conceptualizing the Hidden World of Endophytes

In the wake of changing climatic conditions, plants are frequently exposed to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses at various stages of their development, all of which negatively affect their growth, development, and productivity. Drought is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses for most cultivated crops, particularly in arid and semiarid environments. Conventional breeding and biotechnological approaches are used to generate drought-tolerant crop plants. However, these techniques are costly and time-consuming. Plant-colonizing microbes, notably, endophytic fungi, have received increasing attention in recent years since they can boost plant growth and yield and can strengthen plant responses to abiotic stress. In this review, we describe these microorganisms and their relationship with host plants, summarize the current knowledge on how they “reprogram” the plants to promote their growth, productivity, and drought tolerance, and explain why they are promising agents in modern agriculture

Characteristics of crushed and alternative fine aggregates based on flow, shear and impact behaviour

18-28Crushed sand has been found to be an excellent replacement for river sand as the latter is not readily available. As a part of sustainable construction methods and practices, industrial by- products such as copper slag, cinder etc., can be used as alternative sands. In this work, an attempt has been made to study the performance of crushed stone sand for its flow properties based on large sample analysis.For this, 30 samples of crushed sand were procured from different sources. In addition, few alternative sands were also considered for the analysis which included copper slag, Ennore sand and two types of cinders. The parameters tested are flow time based on New Zeeland flow cone, loose bulk density, uncompacted voids and specific gravity. In order to enhance the performance of the poor crushed sand, different samples of crushed sands were blended which results in acceptable flow characteristics. Similar exercise was done for alternative sands by considering double or triple blending which finally resulted in good flow properties for possible use in concrete. In addition, few samples were also tested and evaluated for their shear and impact behaviour. Conclusions are drawn based on the results obtained

Estimation of Population Mean in the Presence of Non-Response and Measurement Error

Under classical survey sampling theory the errors mainly studied in the estimation are sampling errors. However, often non-sampling errors are more influential to the properties of the estimator than sampling errors. This is recognized by practitioners, researchers and many great works of literature regarding non-sampling errors have been published during last two decades, especially regarding non-response error which is one of the cornerstones of the non-sampling errors. The literature handles one kind of non-sampling error at a time, although in real surveys more than one non-sampling error is usually present.In this paper, two kinds of non-sampling errors are considered at the estimation stage: non-response and measurement error. An exponential ratio type estimator has been developed to estimate the population mean of the response variable in the presence of non-response and measurement errors. Theoretically and empirically, it has been shown that the proposed estimator is more efficient than usual unbiased estimator and other existing estimators.En la teoría de muestreo de la encuesta clásica los errores estudiados principalmente en la estimación son el muestreo errores. Sin embargo, a menudo los errores ajenos al muestreo son más influyentes que las propiedades del estimador de errores de muestreo. Esto es reconocido por los profesionales, los investigadores y muchos grandes obras de la literatura en relación con los errores ajenos al muestreo se ha publicado en los últimos dos decenios, especialmente en relación con el error de falta de respuesta, que es una de las piedras angulares de los errores ajenos al muestreo. La literatura se ocupa de un tipo de error no muestral a la vez, aunque en las encuestas reales más de un error no muestral suele estar presente. En este trabajo, dos tipos de errores ajenos al muestreo son considerados en la etapa de la estimación: la falta de respuesta y el error de medición. Un tipo exponencial estimador de razón ha sido desarrollado para estimar la media poblacional de la variable de respuesta en presencia de errores de falta de respuesta y de medición. Teóricamente y empíricamente, se ha mostrado que el estimador propuesto es más eficiente que estimador insesgado habitual y otros estimadores existentes

Alepes djedaba (Forsskal, 1775) - a promising carangid species for capture based aquaculture

Carangids are highly esteemed food fishes and have been evaluated as potential aquaculture species in different countries. Carangid fishes viz., Seriola quinqueradiata, Caranx mate and Trachinotus spp. are commercially cultured in Japan, Hawaii and USA respectively. Captive breeding and seed production of the silver pompano, Trachinotus blochii as well as the successful demonstration of farming of the hatchery produced pompano seed in earthern ponds is one of the breakthrough achievements of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute in India

Emerging commercial importance for Diamondback squid in Kerala and Karnataka

The incidental catches of Diamondback squid, Thysanoteuthis rhombus (Fig.1) has been reported from the Indian EEZ earlier. This monotypic oceanic species belonging to the Family Thysanoteuthidae, is found in tropical and subtropical seas of the world. A large squid species capable of attaining dorsal mantle length (DML) up to 100 cm and weighing about 24 kg, they are listed as Least Concer

Suitability of bigeye trevally for cage aquaculture in coastal waters of Karnataka

Capture Based Aquaculture (CBA) in smallestuarine cages, an intervention initiated tobeneficially use juveniles of commercially importantfishes which are otherwise generally discarded, hastransformed the concept of family based fishfarming ventures in coastal Karnataka