Comparison the Physicochemical Properties of Bunch Press Fibre Cellulose and Cyclone Fibre Cellulose of Waste From Industry Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

Study on comparison the physicochemical properties of bunch press fibre cellulose (Bpfc) and cyclone fibre cellulose (Cfc) wastes from industry Crude Palm oil (CPO) have been performed. The physicochemical properties both of celluloses have been done such as the average degree of polymerization (DP), solubility properties, functional group analysis, thermal properties and X-ray diffraction patterns. The average degrees of polymerization (DP) have been obtained 2195 and 567 for Bpfc and Cfc. Bunch press fibre cellulose and cyclone fibre cellulose were soluble in cupriethylenediamine (CED). FT-IR analysis showed the same pattern of spectrum but different intensities. Thermal stability of bunch press fibre cellulose and cyclone fibre cellulose remains stable up to a temperature of 250 °C. Glass transition bunch press fibre cellulose greater than the glass transition cyclone fibre cellulose and X-ray diffraction pattern shows the same pattern and intensity varies

KINERJA PUSTAKAWAN PADA LAYANAN SIRKULASI DI DINAS PERPUSTAKAAN DAN ARSIP DAERAH PROVINSI JAMBI

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang bagaimana Kinerja Pustakawan pada Layanan Sirkulasi di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Arsip Daerah Provinsi Jambi. Apa saja kendala pustakawan dalam meningkatkan kinerja pada layanan sirkulasi, Apa saja upaya pustakawan dalam meningkatkan kinerja pada layanan sirkulasi. Penelitian ini juga mendiskripsikan gambaran umum bagaimana keadaan di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Arsip Daerah Provinsi Jambi, khususnya pada layanan sirkulasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Penentuan subyek dalam penelitian ini dengan cara Purposive Sampling, pengumpulan data melalui metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini disimpulkan setelah dilakukan triangulasi data. Adapun hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Kinerja Pustakawan pada Layanan Sirkulasi di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Arsip Daerah Provinsi Jambi sudah cukup baik, walaupun belum sepenuhnya optimal. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari Sasaran Kerja Pegawai dan indikator kinerja yang meliputi kualitas kerja, kuantitas, ketepatan waktu, efektifitas, dan kemandirian. Kendala pustakawan dalam meningkatkan kinerja pada layanan sirkulasi, yaitu: Sumber daya manusia yang kurang, sarana dan prasarana yang kurang memadai. Upaya pustakawan dalam meningkatkan kinerja pada layanan sirkulasi, yaitu: Penambahan sumber daya manusia pengelola, menambah dan memperbaiki sarana dan prasarana. Kinerja Pustakawan pada Layanan Sirkulasi di Dinas Perpustakaan dan Arsip Daerah Provinsi Jambi sudah cukup baik, walaupun belum maksimal sepenuhnya dan dapat ditingkatkan lagi untuk mencapai kualitas pelayanan yang prima

PROSEDUR PENYIANGAN KOLEKSI DI DINAS KEARSIPAN DAN PERPUSTAKAAN KABUPATEN MERANGIN

apa saja faktor penghambat membuat penyiangan koleksi serta kebijakan atau strategi apa yang dilakukan perpustakaan kabupaten merangin dalam melakukan penyiangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prosedur penyiangan koleksi yang diambil oleh perpustakaan kabupaten merangin. Koleksi apa yang sedang dilakukan dalam penyiangan. Apa faktor pembatas dalam melakukan penyiangan serta menentukan kebijakan atau strategi apa yang diambil dalam penyiangan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sedangkan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Dalam penelitian ini, informan adalah kepala perpustakaan dan staf perpustakaan arsip daerah dan layanan perpustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prosedur penyiangan koleksi dilakukan di departemen kearsipan dan perpustakaan kabupaten merangin yang pertama-tama melihat kondisi fisik koleksi maka koleksinya sudah tua dan tidak up to date, serta koleksi yang rusak atau sobek akan dikeluarkan dari koleksi rak. Untuk koleksi yang rusak atau berbelok, tetapi informasi tersebut masih digunakan maka akan diperbaiki jika masih bisa diperbaiki. Dalam penyiangan koleksi harus memiliki kebijakan tertulis demi meningkatkan kinerja perpustakaan sebagai pemberi informasi yang dapat menjadi panduan dalam penyiangan koleksi selanjutnya

Ancient encaustic: An experimental exploration of technology, ageing behaviour and approaches to analytical investigation

The composition of the ancient wax-based painting technique known as encaustic has long been the subject of debate. Ancient sources provide few details of the technology, and modern understanding of the medium is restricted to theoretical interpretation and experimental observation. In this multi-analytical collaborative study, a number of analytical approaches were used to investigate the physical and molecular properties of a range of experimentally prepared encaustic paints before and after ageing. Analysis using gas chromatography mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (invasive and non-invasive), X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated how differences in the technology of production alter the properties and composition of the medium and showed how these are modified by the addition of pigment and the effects of ageing. Comparison of results from the different analytical techniques highlights the benefit of an integrated analytical approach to the analysis of ancient encaustic paints and the fundamental importance of insights from invasive study to evaluating the results of non-invasive analysis

Global Regulation of Nucleotide Biosynthetic Genes by c-Myc

The c-Myc transcription factor is a master regulator and integrates cell proliferation, cell growth and metabolism through activating thousands of target genes. Our identification of direct c-Myc target genes by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled with pair-end ditag sequencing analysis (ChIP-PET) revealed that nucleotide metabolic genes are enriched among c-Myc targets, but the role of Myc in regulating nucleotide metabolic genes has not been comprehensively delineated.Here, we report that the majority of genes in human purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway were induced and directly bound by c-Myc in the P493-6 human Burkitt's lymphoma model cell line. The majority of these genes were also responsive to the ligand-activated Myc-estrogen receptor fusion protein, Myc-ER, in a Myc null rat fibroblast cell line, HO.15 MYC-ER. Furthermore, these targets are also responsive to Myc activation in transgenic mouse livers in vivo. To determine the functional significance of c-Myc regulation of nucleotide metabolism, we sought to determine the effect of loss of function of direct Myc targets inosine monophosphate dehydrogenases (IMPDH1 and IMPDH2) on c-Myc-induced cell growth and proliferation. In this regard, we used a specific IMPDH inhibitor mycophenolic acid (MPA) and found that MPA dramatically inhibits c-Myc-induced P493-6 cell proliferation through S-phase arrest and apoptosis.Taken together, these results demonstrate the direct induction of nucleotide metabolic genes by c-Myc in multiple systems. Our finding of an S-phase arrest in cells with diminished IMPDH activity suggests that nucleotide pool balance is essential for c-Myc's orchestration of DNA replication, such that uncoupling of these two processes create DNA replication stress and apoptosis

A Mitosis Block Links Active Cell Cycle with Human Epidermal Differentiation and Results in Endoreplication

How human self-renewal tissues co-ordinate proliferation with differentiation is unclear. Human epidermis undergoes continuous cell growth and differentiation and is permanently exposed to mutagenic hazard. Keratinocytes are thought to arrest cell growth and cell cycle prior to terminal differentiation. However, a growing body of evidence does not satisfy this model. For instance, it does not explain how skin maintains tissue structure in hyperproliferative benign lesions. We have developed and applied novel cell cycle techniques to human skin in situ and determined the dynamics of key cell cycle regulators of DNA replication or mitosis, such as cyclins E, A and B, or members of the anaphase promoting complex pathway: cdc14A, Ndc80/Hec1 and Aurora kinase B. The results show that actively cycling keratinocytes initiate terminal differentiation, arrest in mitosis, continue DNA replication in a special G2/M state, and become polyploid by mitotic slippage. They unambiguously demonstrate that cell cycle progression coexists with terminal differentiation, thus explaining how differentiating cells increase in size. Epidermal differentiating cells arrest in mitosis and a genotoxic-induced mitosis block rapidly pushes epidermal basal cells into differentiation and polyploidy. These observations unravel a novel mitosis-differentiation link that provides new insight into skin homeostasis and cancer. It might constitute a self-defence mechanism against oncogenic alterations such as Myc deregulation