UV Emission line shifts of symbiotic binaries

Relative and absolute emission line shifts have been previously found for symbiotic binaries, but their cause was not clear. This work aims to better understand the emission line shifts. Positions of strong emission lines were measured on archival UV spectra of Z And, AG Dra, RW Hya, SY Mus and AX Per and relative shifts between the lines of different ions compared. Profiles of lines of RW Hya and Z And were also examined. The reality of the relative shift between resonance and intercombination lines of several times ionised atoms was clearly shown except for AG Dra. This redshift shows a well defined variation with orbital phase for Z And and RW Hya. In addition the intercombination lines from more ionised atoms and especially OIV are redshifted with respect to those from less ionised atoms. Other effects are seen in the profiles. The resonance-intercombination line shift variation can be explained in quiescence by P Cygni shorter wavelength component absorption, due to the wind of the cool component, which is specially strong in inferior conjunction of this cool giant. The velocity stratification permits absorption of line emission. The relative intercombination line shifts may be connected with varying occultation of line emission near an accretion disk, which is optically thick in the continuum.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, to appear in A&

Corporate Governance and State-owned Enterprises: a Study of Indonesia’s Code of Corporate Governance

In Indonesia the concept of corporate governance was formally introduced in 1999 when the government established the National Committee on Corporate Governance (NCCG). Indonesia then created its national code of corporate governance in 2000 through the NCCG, later revised in 2006. This code is a reference point for all companies in Indonesia, including state-owned enterprises (SOEs) that are regulated under Law No. 19 of 2003. According to the law there are two types of SOEs: general companies and limited liability companies. The former are SOEs that have tasks to run social purposes. The latter are business-oriented SOEs, comprise listed companies or companies where shares are fragmented and non-listed companies (pure SOEs), where the government is representative of ordinary public as shareholder. Consequently, Indonesia’s code of good corporate governance applies also to pure SOEs. By undertaking a document analysis method, the study attempts to answer a question as to what extent Indonesia’s concept of corporate governance conforms to the Anglo-American corporate governance regime. In addition, this examines Indonesia’s code of corporate governance and to determine whether the code is suitable for solving the existing problems of SOEs, including pure SOEs. This study found that the mainstream corporate governance is designed to deal with agency problem that occurs in publicly traded companies with widely dispersed shareholders as opposed to non-listed companies such as pure SOEs with the government as shareholder’s representative. Likewise, it found that the code has failed to be a problem solver for two other crucial problems, conflicting objectives and political interference. However, like other countries, the Indonesia code is the best solution in upholding listed companies with fragmented shareholders

Methods and applications of automatic speech recognition

Abstract. This thesis is an examination of automatic speech recognition in the form of a narrative literature review. Both past and present methods, and the applications of automatic speech recognition were looked at and examined. Prior research used for sources in this thesis consists of a wide variety of technical conference papers and journal articles on methods of automatic speech recognition, which has seen a lot of advancements throughout the years, and compilations of knowledge on both methods and applications in the form of books and literature reviews. For methods of automatic speech recognition, three of the seemingly most significant ones that were examined were dynamic time warping, hidden Markov models, and deep neural networks. The latter one, deep neural networks, seemed to be the most advanced and used one currently. Applications of automatic speech recognition were looked at with groupings based on their desired communication improvement target, improving either human-human communication or human-machine communication. From the first group, speech-to-speech translation and speech summarization were two popular applications that were examined. From the second group, virtual assistants were examined as an application group of its own, being an encompassing name for a general software agent doing tasks in response to human speech. The research presented on this thesis has the possibility to serve as a basis of future research on the subject of automatic speech recognition. Suggested avenues for this include a quantitative research analysis on either the performance of different methods, privacy aspects of different applications, or approaching the subject from the point of design science research by documenting construction of an automatic speech recognition application using modern methods.Tiivistelmä. Tässä tutkielmassa tutkittiin automaattista puheentunnista narratiivisen kirjallisuuskatsauksen muodossa. Tutkielmassa tarkasteltiin sekä menneitä että nykyisiä tunnetuimpia automaattisen puheentunnistuksen menetelmiä, sekä sen tunnetuimpia sovelluksia kahdesta eri kategoriasta. Aiempi tutkimusmateriaali, jota tutkielmassa käytettiin lähteenä, koostui laajasta valikoimasta erityyppistä aineistoa. Pääasiallisesti automaattisen puheentunnistuksen menetelmiin liittyvä aineisto löytyi konferenssipapereista sekä tieteellisiä lehtiartikkeleita. Vuosien saatossa kehittyneet teknologiat liittyen menetelmiin auttoi tarjoamaan myös monia vuosikymmeniä kattavan tarjonnan tutkimusmateriaalia. Sovelluksiin liittyvä tieto taas on poimittu lähinnä eri kirjoista, sekä muista alan kirjallisuuskatsauksista. Menetelmistä tutkittiin historiallisesti kolmea suosituinta menetelmätapaa, “dynamic time warping”, “hidden Markov models”, sekä “deep neural networks”. Näistä viimeisin, eli syvät neuroverkot, vaikutti olevan edistynein ja suosituin menetelmä nykypäivänä. Sovelluksia tutkittiin kahteen kategoriaan jaettuna. Ensimmäinen kategoria sisältää sovellukset, jotka pyrkivät parantamaan ihmisten välistä kommunikaatiota ja vuorovaikutusta. Tästä kategoriasta tutkittiin kahta suosittua sovellusta, “speech-to-speech translation”, eli reaaliaikaista puheen kääntämistä, sekä “speech summarization”, eli puheen yhteenvetoa. Toinen kategoria sisälsi sovellukset, jotka pyrkivät parantamaan ihmisten ja laitteiden välistä kommunikaatiota ja vuorovaikutusta. Tämän kategorian sovelluksista tutkittiin ehkäpä automaattisen puheentunnistuksen suosituinta sovellustyyppiä, virtuaalisia avustajia. Virtuaalisia avustajia tarkasteltiin yleisenä ohjelmistotyyppinä, jonka pääominaisuutena ja -tarkoituksena on suorittaa eri toimintoja vastauksena ihmisen antamiin puheohjauksiin. Tutkielmassa esitellyn tiedon pohjalta voidaan tehdä myös tulevaisuudessa enemmän tutkimusta. Esimerkkinä tästä olisi kvantitatiivinen tutkimus joko eri automaattisen puheentunnistuksen menetelmien tehokkuuksin, tai automaattisen puheentunnistuksen sovelluksien tietoturvan eri aspekteihin. Mahdollisuutena olisi myös tehdä konstruktiivista tutkimusta tästä aiheesta, rakentaen esimerkiksi automaattisen puheentunnistuksen sovelluksen käyttäen moderneja menetelmiä

Hubungan Proses Kerja Dengan Kejadian Dermatitis Kontak Iritan Pada Petani Rumput Laut Di Kabupaten Bantaeng Sulawesi Selatan

Work-related dermatitis is one of the most common occupational diseases. It stems from irritant substances or allergens and can produce a rush or other skin condition ranging from mild and temporary to severe and long-term. In the period of June until December 2004, there were reports of skin disease arised from seaweed farmers in Bantaeng District, South Sulawesi. For that reason, the purpose of this study wasto analyze the correlation of irritant contact dermatitis among seaweed farmers with their working process. Two hundred and ten respondents were selected by systematic random sampling in 7 villages from 14 villages that has a seaweed production center. All respondents were evaluated to examine their general physical health and skin condition. They were also interviewed to obtain information about individual characteristics and working-related behavior. Laboratory test was conduct to examine seaweed samples and chemical assessment of seawater. The result showed that 118 respondents (56,2%) were diagnosed a work related Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD). Hands (fingers) were common location for the disease can be found and seaweed farmers whose working duration more than twenty days in a month will have a risk of 2.6 times to experience ICD. An estimated the toxic substances that produced are hydroid, we suggested farmers should use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as boots and gloves. It was also important to do personal hygiene, including hand washing and bathing after work

Beyond the Linearity of Current-Voltage Characteristics in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

We present local and non-local electron transport measurements on individual multi-wall nanotubes for bias voltage between 0 and about 4 V. Local current-voltage characteristics are quite linear. In contrast, non-local measurements are highly non-linear; the differential non-local conductance can even become negative in the high-bias regime. We discuss the relationship between these results and transport parameters such as the elastic length, the number of current carrying shells, and the number of conducting modes.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Evaluasi Penggunaan Artemisinin (Act) Pada Penderita Malaria Di Puskesmas Sioban Kecamatan Sipora Selatan Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai

Malaria is a public health problem in Indonesia. One of the problems encountered in the elimination of malaria is the resistance of Plasmodium against antimalaria drugs. Artemisinin (ACT) is aclass of antimalarial drugs that are schizonticide sesquiterpenes lactone blood for Plasmodium falciparumand P. vivax. ACT is a drug of choice for treatment in the malaria elimination program, due to the wide resistance of chloroquine and othe drugs. In severe and malaria with complications, intervenous (I.V.) injections of ACT was recommended. The objective of the research was to evaluate the appropriate ACTdose and indication, to evaluate the clinical and parasitological response and to monitor adverse event during ACT treatment in malaria patients in Sioban PHC. The research was conducted by using descriptive study, collecting data prospectively from malaria patients in Sioban PHC Sub District South Sipora Islands District Mentawai, from January-Desember 2009. The evaluation of the drug responses were collected from medical records, and laboratory examinations. During this research, the monitoring of side effects, clinical observations before and after medication were also conducted. The data of side effects collected from observation then were evaluated for the genesis of side effect by using Naranjo algorithm to define the level of possible (score 1-4), probable (score 5-8) and definite (score 9). A total of 33 patients (94.28 %) were not suffer from severe complication of malaria, therefore ACT injections were necessary for these cases. Another 2 patients (6%) suffered from severe malaria and needded ACT injection. Based on the clinical response, 31 patients (89%) were declared recovered from malaria, and 4 patients (11%) were declared not yet recovered from malaria. Based on parasitological response, the number of parasite in 34 patients (97,13%) reported to be 0 on D7, existence of parasites reported on 1 patients (2,86%). 32 patients (91,42%) suffered from ACT side effect and another 3 patients (8,57%) did not suffer the ACT side effect

Adsorption studies of DNA origami on silicon dioxide

Self-assembled DNA nanostructures promise low-cost ways to create nanoscale shapes. DNA nanostructures can also be used to position particles with nanometer precision. Yet, reliable and low-cost ways of integrating the structures with MEMS technology still have to be developed and innovations are of great interest to the field. We have examined in detail the adherence of DNA origami tiles on silicon oxide surfaces of wafers in dependence on pH-value and magnesium ion concentration. The results of this work will help to pursue new strategies of positioning DNA nanostruc-tures on SiO2. Precise control over the strength of structure-surface adhesion is a prerequisite of relia-ble processes

Radiasi di Sekitar Menara Base Transceiver Station di Bandung dan Jakarta

Telah dilakukan penelitian Pengaruh Medan Elektromagnetik Terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat Di Sekitar Menara Pemancar Telepon Seluler (BTS) di Jakarta dan Bandung bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar pajanan medan elektromagnetik yang berasal dari menara telepon seluler (BTS) dan kondisi kesehatan (kecemasan) ma syarakat yang bermukim di sekitar BTS. Disain penelitian adalah cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel di masing-masing lokasi adalah 10 (7 BTS dengan sistem GSM dan 3 BTS dengan sistem CDMA) yang dipilih secara purposif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara pengukuran rapat daya di 16 titik di sekeliling BTS (setiap 22,5o sudut penjuru angin) pada jarak 100 meter. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran tersebut, p ada arah dengan rapat daya paling besar, pengukuran dilanjutkan pada pada jarak 50, 150, 200, 250, dan 300 meter. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Strength Meters SPECTRAN® HF-2025E. Data hasil pengukuran medan elektromagnetik akan dipetakan berdasarkan titik pengukuran di masing-masing BTS, dan dibandingkan dengan peraturan yang ada. Hasil: Pada jarak 100 meter dari BTS, rapat daya frekuensi 900 MHz berkisar antara tidak terdeteksi sampai 396 W/cm2 dengan modus 2 W/cm2. Pada frekuensi 1800 MHz berkisar antara tidak terdeteksi sampai 282 W/cm2 dengan modus 0,4 W/cm2 dan pada frekuensi 2200 MHz antara tidak terdeteksi sampai 140 W/Cm2dengan modus 13 W/cm2. Berdasarkan jarak pengukuran, rapat daya pada frekuensi 900 MHz paling tinggi terukur pada jarak 250 meter dari BTS, sebesar 700 W/cm2; frekuensi 1800 MHz , paling tinggi 540 W/cm2 terukur pada jarak 100 meter; pada frekuensi 2200 MHz paling tinggi 570 W/cm2 terukur pada jarak 250 meter. Kesimpulan: Secara umum radiasi di sekitar BTS telah melampaui masih di bawah nilai yang direkomendasikan oleh WHO dan ITU maupun Keputusan Ditjen Parpostel tahun 2007, tetapi di beberapa titik pengukuran telah melampaui nilai yang direkomendasikan oleh peraturan tersebut. Mengingat efek yang ditimbulkan oleh pajanan radiasi ini bersifat kronis, maka perlu adanya pemantauan besaran radiasi maupun kondisi kesehatan masyarakat di sekitar BTS.Kata Kunci: Menara telepon seluler, radiasi, medan elektromagnetikAbstractResearch of Health Effect of Electromagnetic Fields to People around the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) in Jakarta and Bandung. The aim of the research is to study the health effects of BTS existence and BTS radiation exposure to the community who lives near the stations. The research design was cross-sectional with the number of samples in each location was 10 (7 BTSs with GSM system and 3 BTSs with CDMA system). The samples were chosen purposively. Data collection was performed by measuring the power density in 16 points with a radius of 100 meters around the BTS (every 22,5o angle). According to these measurement results, a further measurement was performed for every 50, 150,200, and 300 meters in the direction where the largest power density was found. The measuring tool used was Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Strength Meters SPECTRAN® HF-2025E. Afterwards, electromagnetic field measurement data was mapped based on the measurement points in each BTS and compared with the existingregulations. Result: At a distance of 100 meters from BTS, the power density of 900 MHz wave was ranged from undetected to 396 W/cm2 with a modus value of 2 W/cm2. For the 1800 MHz wave, the power density was ranged from undetected to 282 W/cm2 with a modus value of 0,4 W/cm2. Meanwhile, the 2200 MHz wave was found to beranged from undetected to 140 W/cm2 with a modus value of 13 W/cm2. Based on the measurement distance, the highest power density of 900 MHz wave was measured at around 700 W/cm2 in 250 meters radius from BTS. Conclusion: It can be concluded that generally, the radiation around BTS was still below the threshold recommended by WHO and ITU, as well as Decree of Director General of Resources and Devices of Post and Informatics year 2007; but there were some points which had radiation value far above the threshold. Considering the effects of exposure to radiation which are chronic, it is necessary to monitor the magnitude of both the radiation and the health of community living near BTS.Keywords: Base Transceiver Station, radiation, electromagnetic fiel