Room temperature ferromagnetic-like behavior in Mn-implanted and post-annealed InAs layers deposited by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

We report on the magnetic and structural properties of Ar and Mn implanted InAs epitaxial films grown on GaAs (100) by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and the effect of Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) for 30 seconds at 750C. Channeling Particle Induced X- ray Emission (PIXE) experiments reveal that after Mn implantation almost all Mn atoms are subsbtitutional in the In-site of the InAs lattice, like in a diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS). All of these samples show diamagnetic behavior. But, after RTA treatment the Mn-InAs films exhibit room-temperature magnetism. According to PIXE measurements the Mn atoms are no longer substitutional. When the same set of experiments were performed with As as implantation ion all of the layers present diamagnetism without exception. This indicates that the appearance of room-temperature ferromagnetic-like behavior in the Mn-InAs-RTA layer is not related to lattice disorder produce during implantation, but to a Mn reaction produced after a short thermal treatment. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and Rutherford Back Scattering (RBS) measurements evidence the segregation of an oxygen deficient-MnO2 phase (nominally MnO1.94) in the Mn-InAs-RTA epitaxial layers which might be on the origin of room temperature ferromagnetic-like response observed.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figures. Acepted in J. Appl. Phy

Monitoring changes of the tibialis anterior during dorsiflexion with electromyography, sonomyography, dynamometry and kinematic signals

Dorsiflexion (DF) of the foot plays an essential role in both controlling balance and human gait. Electromyography and Sonomyography can provide information on several aspects of muscle function. The aim was to describe a new method for real-time monitoring of muscular activity, as measured using EMG, muscular architecture, as measured using SMG, force, as measured using dynamometry, and kinematic parameters, as measured using IS during isometric and isotonic contractions of the foot DF. The present methodology may be clinically relevant because it involves a reproducible procedure which allows the function and structure of the foot DF to be monitored.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Seville; Spain; 25 September 2013 through 28 September 2013; Code 10172

The central parsecs of M87: jet emission and an elusive accretion disc

We present the first simultaneous spectral energy distribution (SED) of M87 core at a scale of 0.4 arcsec ($\sim 32\, \rm{pc}$) across the electromagnetic spectrum. Two separate, quiescent, and active states are sampled that are characterized by a similar featureless SED of power-law form, and that are thus remarkably different from that of a canonical active galactic nuclei (AGN) or a radiatively inefficient accretion source. We show that the emission from a jet gives an excellent representation of the core of M87 core covering ten orders of magnitude in frequency for both the active and the quiescent phases. The inferred total jet power is, however, one to two orders of magnitude lower than the jet mechanical power reported in the literature. The maximum luminosity of a thin accretion disc allowed by the data yields an accretion rate of $< 6 \times 10^{-5}\, \rm{M_\odot \, yr^{-1}}$, assuming 10% efficiency. This power suffices to explain M87 radiative luminosity at the jet-frame, it is however two to three order of magnitude below that required to account for the jet's kinetic power. The simplest explanation is variability, which requires the core power of M87 to have been two to three orders of magnitude higher in the last 200 yr. Alternatively, an extra source of power may derive from black hole spin. Based on the strict upper limit on the accretion rate, such spin power extraction requires an efficiency an order of magnitude higher than predicted from magnetohydrodynamic simulations, currently in the few hundred per cent range.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Temporal analysis of fresh leaf spectroscopy and chemical properties in Quercus ilex trees

Peer reviewe

The significance of «S-C» structures found in the Berzosa-Honrubia region (Spanish Central System)

[Resumen] En el extremo oriental del Sistema Central Español, existen evidencias de un episodio tect6nico fini -hercínico, que se manifiesta en el desarrollo de una banda de 1 a 2 Km de anchura, de dirección submeridiana y buzamiento al este en la que son frecuentes estructuras de tipo «S-C» dúctiles. Esta banda probablemente extensional, se superpone a la estructura singular de segunda fase hercínica (D2), conocida como Zona de Cizalla de Berzosa (Z.C.B., CAPOTE, R. et alters, 1981; GONZALEZ CASADO,]. M., 1986), tradicionalmente interpretada como un cabalgamiento dúctil hacia el noroeste retrovergido por la fase de pliegues longitudinales D3. La zona descrita coincide además espacialmente con una banda donde existen procesos hidrotermales tardíos, los cuales podrían relacionarse genéticamente con la estructura citada. El probable episodio extensional descrito, puede relacionarse con la etapa de extensión regional generalizada que se desarrolla durante el final del ciclo hercínico en toda la cadena. Período este bien reflejado en muchos puntos del Sistema Central Español, en forma de importantes accidentes tectónicos extensionales, principalmente de dirección este-oeste y buzamiento norte o sur.[Abstract] In the east end of the Spanish Central System there are sorne evidence of a latehercynian tectonic event. Field evidences includes the presence of «S» and «C» planes (composite planar fabrics), in a band of 1 or 2 Km of wide, with an eastwest direction and dipping to the east. This area has probable an extensional origin and has been superimposed to a structure related to the herc.ynian second phase (D2) know as the Berzosa Shear Zone (B.S.Z., CAPOTE, R., et alters, 1981; GONZALEZ CASADO, J. M., 1986). The B.S.Z. has ben interpreted as a ductil thrust towards the nort-oest, backfolded by a phase of longitudinal folds 03. The investigated region shows a spatial correlation with a band where there are sorne late hidrotermal process, what could be genetic related with the studied structure. Microstructural evidence are internally consistent with field observations. It appears that data are compatible with N-S oriented extensional detachment, dipping to the east, with and east-under-west sense of movement. This event could be correlated with a period of regional extension found elsewhere in the Spanish Central System. Developped for aH the belt during the end of the hercynian cicle. This last even is weH developped in several points of the Spanish Central System and can be seen as severa! E-W oriented detachment systems, dipping to the N and S (extensional tectonics)

Family and research: gender-based and family strategies by Spanish female researchers

Los valores relacionados con la familia y la estructura familiar son decisivos para consolidar las trayectorias profesionales de las mujeres científicas. Al mismo tiempo, las condiciones laborales y profesionales en ciencia (movilidad, implicación en el trabajo, etc.) condicionan las estructuras familiares de estas mujeres. Los resultados de este trabajo revelan que las investigadoras españolas muestran un fuerte compromiso con la familia pero también con sus aspiraciones profesionales. Para lograr ambos objetivos, las mujeres desarrollan diferentes estrategias familiares que son analizadas en este trabajo.Values related to family and family structure are decisive to the professional progression of women scientists. At the same time, professional and labour conditions in science (mobility, working intensity, etc.) influence family structures of these women. The results of this work show that Spanish researchers display a strong commitment to the family and also their professional aspirations. To achieve both goals, women develop different family strategies which are analysed in this work