Oxygen and SO2 Consumption Rates in White and Rosé Wines: Relationship with and Effects on Wine Chemical Composition

This Article addresses the study of O2 and SO2 consumption rates of white and rosé wines, their relationship to the initial chemical composition, and their effects on the chemical changes experienced by wine during oxidation. Eight wines were subjected to five consecutive air-saturation cycles. O2 was monitored periodically; SO2, color, and antioxidant indexes were determined after each cycle, and the initial and final compositions of the wines were thoroughly determined. Wines consumed oxygen at progressively decreasing rates. In the last cycles, after a strong decrease, consistent increases of oxygen levels were seen. Oxygen consumption rates were satisfactorily modeled, being proportional to wine copper, quercetin, and kaempherol contents and negatively proportional to cinnamic acids. SO2 consumption rates were highly diverse between wines and were positively related to free SO2, Mn, and pH, among others. In the last saturations, SO2 consumption took place regardless of O2 consumption, implying that SO2 should reduce chemical species oxidized in previous saturations. Some volatile phenols seem to be the end point of radical-mediated oxidation of polyphenols taking place preferably in the first saturation

Propuesta metodológica para la evaluación de la calidad deontológica de las noticias sobre violencias contra las mujeres

La producción académica sobre el tratamiento periodístico de la violencia contra las mujeres en España ha aumentado de forma importante durante las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, a pesar de las variadas recomendaciones sobre cómo abordar desde la ética y la responsabilidad este reto informativo, no existe aún una herramienta que compile y clarifique los criterios deontológicos y ayude a la labor periodística en la redacción de estas noticias. Partiendo del conocido como periodismo de calidad, en este trabajo se ha realizado un estudio sobre los diferentes documentos deontológicos existentes a partir de los cuales se propone una herramienta analítica para evaluar la calidad de las noticias sobre las violencias que sufren las mujeres. La potencialidad de esta herramienta radica, entre otras cuestiones, en la capacidad para evaluar tanto previa como posteriormente la adecuación ética de las noticias a los consensos establecidos con el objetivo de contribuir a la mejora de la comunicación pública de este problema coadyuvando a su erradicación.Over the last decades there has been a significant increase in the academic literature focused on the journalistic approach about violence against women in Spain. However, and despite the wide-ranging recommendations on how to tackle this challenge in information, there is no tool that gathers and explains the ethical criteria and helps journalists in their work of drafting a news release. On the basis of what is known as quality journalism, this paper studies the different existing documents on codes of conduct in order to develop an analytical tool which assesses the quality of news concerning violence against women. The potential of this tool lies, among other issues, in the capacity to evaluate, both before and after, the ethical appropriateness to the public consensus so as to enhance the communication of this problem to the public and, thereby, contribute to stop it

Relationship between the non-volatile composition and the in-mouth quality in red wines

Póster presentado en la Third Edition of International Conference Series on Wine Active Compounds (WAC2014), celebrada en Borgoña (Francia) del 26 al 28 de marzo de 2014.Peer Reviewe

Alpha-catenin-Dependent Recruitment of the Centrosomal Protein CAP350 to Adherens Junctions Allows Epithelial Cells to Acquire a Columnar Shape

Epithelial morphogenesis involves a dramatic reorganisation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. How this complex process is controlled at the molecular level is still largely unknown. Here, we report that the centrosomal microtubule (MT)-binding protein CAP350 localises at adherens junctions in epithelial cells. By two-hybrid screening, we identified a direct interaction of CAP350 with the adhesion protein α-catenin that was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Block of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin)-mediated cell-cell adhesion or α-catenin depletion prevented CAP350 localisation at cell-cell junctions. Knocking down junction-located CAP350 inhibited the establishment of an apico-basal array of microtubules and impaired the acquisition of columnar shape in Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) cells grown as polarised epithelia. Furthermore, MDCKII cystogenesis was also defective in junctional CAP350-depleted cells. CAP350-depleted MDCKII cysts were smaller and contained either multiple lumens or no lumen. Membrane polarity was not affected, but cortical microtubule bundles did not properly form. Our results indicate that CAP350 may act as an adaptor between adherens junctions and microtubules, thus regulating epithelial differentiation and contributing to the definition of cell architecture. We also uncover a central role of α-catenin in global cytoskeleton remodelling, in which it acts not only on actin but also on MT reorganisation during epithelial morphogenesis.This work was supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, Spain (BFU2012-36717 and CSD2009-00016 to RMR and BFU2011-22916 to JRM) and by Junta de Andalucia (CVI-7256 and CTS-2071), and by a funding GenHomme Network 02490-6088 to Hybrigenics and the Institut Curie. MA and AZ were supported by MEC–FPI Grants.Peer Reviewe

Modelling wine astringency from its chemical composition using machine learning algorithms

Aims: The present work aims to predict sensory astringency from wine chemical composition using machine learning algorithms. Material and results: Moristel grapes from different vineblocks and at different stages of ripening were collected. Eleven different wines were produced in 75 L tanks in triplicate, and further sensory factors were described by the rate-all-that-apply method with a trained panel of participants. The polyphenolic composition was characterised in wines by measuring the concentration and activity of tannins using UHPLC-UV/VIS, the mean degree of polymerisation (mDP. and the composition of tannins using thiolysis followed by UHPLC-MS. Conventional oenological parameters were analysed using FTIR and UV-Vis. Machine learning was applied to build models for predicting a wines astringency from its chemical composition. The best model was obtained using the support vector regressor (radial kernel) algorithm presenting a root-mean-square error (RMSE) value of 0.190. Conclusions: The main variables of the astringency model were the % of procyanidins constituting tannins and ethanol content, followed by other eight variables related to tannin structure and acidity. Significance of the study: These results increase the knowledge of chemical variables related to the perception of wine astringency and provide tools to control and optimise grape and wine production stages to modulate astringency and maximise quality and the consumer appeal of wines

Bifunctional chiral dehydroalanines for peptide coupling and stereoselective <i>S</i>-Michael addition

A second generation of chiral bicyclic dehydroalanines easily accessible from serine has been developed. These scaffolds behaved as excellent S-Michael acceptors when tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-α-d-galactopyranose (abbreviated as GalNAc-α-SH) was used as a nucleophile. This addition proceeds with total chemo- and stereoselectivity, complete atom economy, quickly, and at room temperature, making it a true click reaction. The Michael adducts were easily transformed into S-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranosyl)-l- and -d-cysteines, which can be regarded as mimics of the Tn antigen derived from l-Ser (α-d-GalNAc-l-Ser) and d-Ser (α-d-GalNAc-d-Ser), respectively.Peer Reviewe

Design of alpha-S-Neoglycopeptides derived from MUC1 with a flexible and solvent-exposed sugar moiety

The use of vaccines based on MUC1 glycopeptides is a promising approach to treat cancer. We present herein several sulfa-Tn antigens incorporated in MUC1 sequences that possess a variable linker between the carbohydrate (GalNAc) and the peptide backbone. The main conformations of these molecules in solution have been evaluated by combining NMR experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The linker plays a key role in the modulation of the conformation of these compounds at different levels, blocking a direct contact between the sugar moiety and the backbone, promoting a helix-like conformation for the glycosylated residue and favoring the proper presentation of the sugar unit for molecular recognition events. The feasibility of these novel compounds as mimics of MUC1 antigens has been validated by the X-ray diffraction structure of one of these unnatural derivatives complexed to an anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibody. These features, together with potential lack of immune suppression, render these unnatural glycopeptides promising candidates for designing alternative therapeutic vaccines against cancer

Influencia del polimorfismo -866 G/A del gen de la UCP2 en población infantil obesa

Objetivo: En el presente estudio se pretende evaluar la prevalencia de la mutación -866 G/A del gen de la UCP2 y conocer su influencia sobre el fenotipo de los niños (11- 12 años) navarros obesos. Antecedentes y ámbito del estudio: La obesidad es una enfermedad de origen multifactorial, que puede estar relacionada con la presencia de mutaciones y polimorfismos en diversos genes candidatos. El gen de la proteína desacoplante UCP2 es uno de los más estudiados en relación con la obesidad porque parece participar en el control de la composición corporal y de diversos procesos metabólicos. Se han descrito tres polimorfismos en este gen: una inserción/deleción de 45 nucleótidos, un cambio del nucleótido guanina por adenina en la posición -866 y otro que origina un reemplazo de alanina por valina en el aminoácido 55. Según diferentes estudios, el alelo - 866G está relacionado con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar obesidad, aunque en la literatura aparecen resultados contradictorios en cuanto a esta asociación. Sujetos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en 125 niños (52% varones) obesos de 11-12 años de edad, seleccionados a través de los Servicios de Endocrinología Pediátrica de la Clínica Universitaria y del Hospital Virgen del Camino (Pamplona), obteniendo el consentimiento informado de acuerdo con la declaración de Helsinki. Intervenciones: Tras verificar el cumplimiento de los criterios de inclusión se tomaron medidas antropométricas (peso, talla, IMC, pliegue tricipital y subescapular) y se determinó el porcentaje de masa grasa por medio de impedancia bioeléctrica. Además se midieron los niveles plasmáticos de colesterol total, glucosa, insulina y leptina. Se procedió también a la extracción del ADN de las células sanguíneas de la serie blanca para determinar el genotipo mediante la técnica de PCR seguida de una digestión con BstUI y posterior visualización en un gel de agarosa con un 2% de bromuro de etidio. Resultados: El análisis genético reveló una frecuencia del alelo A de 0,404, con un porcentaje de individuos G/G, G/A, y A/A del 40,0%, 39,2% y 20,8%, respectivamente. Los portadores del alelo A presentaron un valor significativamente mayor de la suma de los pliegues tricipital y subescapular (p=0,034). No se observaron diferencias significativas entre los sujetos mutados y los no mutados en cuanto a las variables bioquímicas estudiadas. Conclusiones: Los sujetos portadores del polimorfismo presentan valores más altos para los pliegues tricipital y subescapular frente a los no mutados lo que podría indicar una relación entre la presencia del alelo A en niños obesos y niveles mayores de grasa subcutánea

High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC): Technical Design Report

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is one of the largest scientific instruments ever built. Since opening up a new energy frontier for exploration in 2010, it has gathered a global user community of about 9000 scientists working in fundamental particle physics and the physics of hadronic matter at extreme temperature and density. To sustain and extend its discovery potential, the LHC will need a major upgrade in the 2020s. This will increase its instantaneous luminosity (rate of collisions) by a factor of five beyond the original design value and the integrated luminosity (total number of collisions) by a factor ten. The LHC is already a highly complex and exquisitely optimised machine so this upgrade must be carefully conceived and will require new infrastructures (underground and on surface) and over a decade to implement. The new configuration, known as High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), relies on a number of key innovations that push accelerator technology beyond its present limits. Among these are cutting-edge 11–12 Tesla superconducting magnets, compact superconducting cavities for beam rotation with ultra-precise phase control, new technology and physical processes for beam collimation and 100 metre-long high-power superconducting links with negligible energy dissipation, all of which required several years of dedicated R&D effort on a global international level. The present document describes the technologies and components that will be used to realise the project and is intended to serve as the basis for the detailed engineering design of the HL-LHC