Three-dimensional photographic analysis of the face in European adults from southern Spain with normal occlusion: reference anthropometric measurements

Background: Recent non-invasive 3D photography method has been applied to facial analysis, offering numerous advantages in orthodontic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the faces of a sample of healthy European adults from southern Spain with normal occlusion in order to establish reference facial soft tissue anthropometric parameters in this specific geographic-ethnic population, as well as to analyze sexual dimorphism. Methods: A sample of 100 healthy adult volunteers consisting of 50 women (mean age, 22.92 ± 1.56 years) and 50 men (mean age, 22.37 ± 2.12 years) were enrolled in this study. All participants had normal occlusion, skeletal Class I, mesofacial pattern, and healthy body mass index. Three-dimensional photographs of the faces were captured noninvasively using Planmeca ProMax 3D ProFace®. Thirty landmarks related to the face, eyes, nose, and orolabial and chin areas were identified. Results: Male displayed higher values in all vertical and transversal dimensions, with the exception of the lower lip height. Larger differences between sexes were observed in face, mandible, and nose. Male also had higher values in the angular measurements which referred to the nose. No sex differences were found in transverse upper lip prominence or transverse mandibular prominence. No differences were found in the ratio measurements, with the exception of intercantal width/nasal width, which was higher in women than in men. Conclusions: Reference anthropometric measurements of facial soft tissues have been established in European adults from southern Spain with normal occlusion. Significant sexual dimorphism was found, with remarkable differences in size between sexe

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Tin–carbon composites as anodic material in Li-ion batteries obtained by copyrolysis of petroleum vacuum residue and SnO2

14 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables.-- Printed version published Jun 2007.Composite materials with tin nanoparticles surrounded by a “muffling” carbon matrix are formed simultaneously by adding 20% SnO2 to a vacuum residue and following carbonisation between 700°C and 1000°C. The primary purpose of the carbonaceous material is the reduction of SnO2, giving rise to SnS and Sn as nanoparticles. The homogenous distribution of both components induces therefore a synergetic effect on the properties of the electrode material, not only from the electrochemical point of view but also from that mechanical. Thus, the carbon matrix hinders the agglomeration of Li–Sn alloys during long term cycling and, simultaneously, tin particles improve the conductivity of the material and increase the overall capacity as compared with the reference carbon. In addition, a CVD treatment increases the performance of the material. Sn-119 Mössbauer and Li-7 MAS NMR spectroscopies allow a detailed study of partially charged/discharged samples and, therefore, the phases, steps and mechanisms occurring during the electrochemical process.The authors are grateful to CICYT for financial support (Contract MAT2005-00374 and contract MAT2001-1694) and M.C. Mohedano for her technical support. We thank to SCAI (UCO Central Service for Research Support in the HRTEM and 7Li NMR characterization). A. Concheso is indebted to MCYT for his predoctoral grant.Peer reviewe

Examining the immune signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and the impact on neurodevelopment: Protocol of the SIGNATURE longitudinal study.

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a valuable opportunity to carry out cohort studies that allow us to advance our knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases. One of these opportunities is the study of the relationships between inflammation, brain development and an increased risk of suffering neuropsychiatric disorders. Based on the hypothesis that neuroinflammation during early stages of life is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and confers a greater risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, we propose a cohort study of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women and their newborns. The main objective of SIGNATURE project is to explore how the presence of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other non-infectious stressors generates an abnormal inflammatory activity in the newborn. The cohort of women during the COVID-19 pandemic will be psychological and biological monitored during their pregnancy, delivery, childbirth and postpartum. The biological information of the umbilical cord (foetus blood) and peripheral blood from the mother will be obtained after childbirth. These samples and the clinical characterisation of the cohort of mothers and newborns, are tremendously valuable at this time. This is a protocol report and no analyses have been conducted yet, being currently at, our study is in the recruitment process step. At the time of this publication, we have identified 1,060 SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and all have already given birth. From the total of identified mothers, we have recruited 537 SARS-COV-2 infected women and all of them have completed the mental health assessment during pregnancy. We have collected biological samples from 119 mothers and babies. Additionally, we have recruited 390 non-infected pregnant women

Anales de Edafología y Agrobiología Tomo 43 Número 1-2

Suelos. Estructura del matorral Mediterráneo secundario en Sierra Morena y sus relaciones con los gradientes del medio físico, por Basanta Alves, Ana, García Novo, F. y Cabaneiro Albaladejo, Ana.-- Estudio de la mineralizacion de la paja de trigo por diversas especies fungicas, por G. Almendros, A. T. Martinez, A. E. González, A. Polo y E. Dorado.-- Estudio de la fracción ligera de arenas en suelos con pequeño desarrollo. l. Tinción con hemateina, por A. Hoyos, J. González Parra, M. C. Fernández Bermejo y S. Ruano.-- Estudio de la fracción ligera de arenas en suelos con pequeño desarrollo. Il. Tinción con cobaltinitrito, por A. Hoyos, J. González Parra, M. C. Fernández Bermejo y S. Ruano.-- Aproximación a la capacidad de 'uso de los suelos de la región de O caña (Toledo), por J. Gumuzzio, J. B. Alvarez A. Gutiérrez y J. Guijarro.-- La fracción arcilla de suelos podsolizados de las inmediaciones del lago San Mauricio (Pirineo Ilerdense), por L. J. Alías Pérez y R. J. Ortiz González.-- Retención de 1, 1, 1-tricloro-2, 2-bis (P-metoxifenil)-etano (Metoxicloro) por montmorillonitas homoionicas, por A. Jiménez López y F. Aguirre Gómez.-- Características de gypsiorthids en la región central española, por José Gumuzzio y José B. Alvarez.-- Horizontes B sobre materiales graníticos en Galicia, por Benita Silva Hermo y Francisco Guitián Ojea.-- Evolución de la actividad enzimática del suelo a través del tiempo y su distribución en los horizontes del perfil edáfico, por Pérez Mateos, M. y González Carcedo, S.-- Palexerolls petrocálcicos de las Sierras de Orce y María, por L. J. Alías y J. Martínez Sánchez.-- Estudio de ácidos húmicos de tipo P. Fraccionamiento en columna de sepiolita. Valoración cuantitativa de pigmentos, por Almendros, G. y Dorado, E.-- Suelos AC sobre granitos de Galicia (N.O. de España) con especial referencia al ranker atlántico. IV. Propiedades físicas, por Carballas, M., Guitián Ojea, F. y Carballas, T.—Fertilidad del Suelo. Evaluación del potencial fertilizante de un compost de basura. Efecto sobre germinación y rendimientos secuenciales en cosecha, por R. Nogales, M. A. Zamora, M. Gómez y F. Gallardo-Lara.-- Métodos rapidos para la caracterización del Purin de vacuno, por M. C. Villar, F. Díaz-Fierros, A. Cabaneiro, M. C. Leiros, F. Gil Sotres, M. Carballas y T. Carballas.-- Caracterización de la fracción orgánica del Purin de vacuno. l. Distribución del carbono, por T. Carballas, M. Carballas, F. Gil Sotres, M. C. Leiros, A. Cabaneiro, F. Díaz-Fierro y M. C. Villar.-- Comportamiento de fertilizantes fosfatados en suelos fijadores de P, por Ramos Hernández, S. y Aguilera Herrera N.-- Evaluación de la solubilización del fósforo mineral en suelos calizos por Barcillus cereus. Ensayos de invernadero, por Fernández Herrera, M., Carpena Artes, O. y Cadahia López, C.—Fisiología y Nutrición Vegetal. Mayor tolerancia A s-Triazinas de tres especies de Amaranthus tras repetidas aplicaciones de simazina, por R. de Prado, P. Menéndez y M. Tena.-- Influencia de la variedad sobre el balance nutriente foliar de plantas de tomate, por F. Martinez, F. Romojaro, S. Llorente y C. F. Alcaraz.-- Estudio de la composición mineral ir ultraestructura de la hoja de plantas de tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum mil/) sometidas a diferentes presiones osmóticas y niveles de calcio, por M. R. de Felipe y M. P. Sánchez Conde.-- Efecto de la adición de nitrato sobre la producción de H2 por nodulos de guisante (Pisum sativum, L.) crecidos bajo condiciones de alta intensidad luminosa, por Eulogio J. Bedmar.-- Estudio de fracciones proteínicas de diferentes variedades de almendra (Prunus amygdalus), por F. J. López Andreu, R. M. Esteban Alvarez y O. Carpena Artes.-- El fraccionamiento de Sophora japonica L. l. Rendimientos y composición del zumo, bagazo, concentrado proteico y suero, extraídos de tallos, hojas y legumbres, por C. Alzueta, L González y G. González.-- Susceptibilidad de diferentes cultivares de olivo a atrazina simazimi y diurón, por R. de Prado, P. Menendez y M. Tena.-- Estudio del equilibrio nutricional en Nerium oleander L., por M. Guzmán, M. Urrestarazu y L. Romero.-- Estudio de la variación de la composición de la lechuga (Lactuca sativa) durante su cultivo, por Ma P. Sánchez Conde.-- Estudio de la persistencia y degradación de 2-hidroxi-2, 2-bis ( 4-clorofenil) acetato de etilo en limonero, por Ortuño, A., Abrisqueta, J. M. a, Hernansaez, A. y Gómez, J.-- Mineralogía Litología y minerales de la arcilla en el "Horst" de Peñalcazar. (La Alameda) Soria, por Antonio Gutiérrez Maroto, José Alvarez Martín, Joaquín Guijarro Galiano y José Gumuzzio Fernández.—Trabajo recapitulativo.--Peer reviewe