Crystallization in two-component Coulomb systems

The analysis of Coulomb crystallization is extended from one-component to two-component plasmas. Critical parameters for the existence of Coulomb crystals are derived for both classical and quantum crystals. In the latter case, a critical mass ratio of the two charged components is found which is of the order of 80. Thus, holes in semiconductors with sufficiently flat valence bands are predicted to spontaneously order into a regular lattice. Such hole crystals are intimately related to ion Coulomb crystals in white dwarf and neutron stars as well as to ion crystals produced in the laboratory. A unified phase diagram of two-component Coulomb crystals is presented and is verified by first-principle computer simulations.Comment: Presented first at the German Physical Society Meeting, March 7 2005 5 pages, 3 figure

Features of modeling fatty liver disease in rats of different ages based on a high-calorie diet

BACKGROUND: The problem of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of fat liver disease (FLD) is one of the actual problems of modern medicine. In this regard, the need for the creation of reliable experimental models of the FLD, which would be as close as possible to the pathogenetic patterns of the development of this disease in humans.AIM: To create an experimental model of FLD and compare the efficiency of its reproduction in rats of different ages.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on male Wistar rats, whose ages at the beginning of the experiment were 3 and 18 months. Control animals were fed a standard diet. The experimental rats were kept on a diet with excess fat (45 %) and carbohydrates (31 %) for 12 weeks. The liver tissue samples were taken for morphological studies of FLD. Histological preparations were made according to the standard technique. Morphometry on digital images of micropreparations was conducted using the computer program «IMAGE J». The concentration of lipids, cholesterol, and triglecerides in the liver tissue was determined, and the concentration of ALT in the blood serum was determined. To assess the biophysical properties of the liver tissue, the method of multifrequency bioimpedance measurement was used.RESULTS: The transfer of animals to a high-calorie diet developed by us led to the development of FLD. This was evidenced by an increase of the liver mass, its pale shade and soft consistency. Morphometric signs of FLD were also revealed. Hypertrophy of hepatocytes was observed with a simultaneous decrease in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio; accumulation of numerous lipid inclusions in the cytoplasm and the appearance of large lipid droplets replacing the voids of dead hepatocytes. The number of binuclear hepatocytes and nucleolus in the nucleus, the relative area of the sinusoid network were decreased. An increase in the concentration of lipids, cholesterol and triglecerides in the liver tissue of experimental rats, as well as the activity of ALT in the blood serum, was observed. Changes in the bioimpedance measurements of the liver tissue also indicated the  development of severe fatty degeneration of the liver in both young (to a greater extent) and old rats.CONCLUSION: The model of FLD we have advanced based on a combined (fat-carbohydrate) high-calorie diet. It leads to the development of pronounced morphological, biochemical and biophysical signs of this pathology in all experimental rats. The most pronounced manifestations of FLD are observed in young animals

Quantum simulations of strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma

A strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP) of heavy constituent quasiparticles is studied by a path-integral Monte-Carlo method, which improves the corresponding classical simulations by extending them to the quantum regime. It is shown that this method is able to reproduce the lattice equation of state and also yields valuable insight into the internal structure of the QGP. The results indicate that the QGP reveals liquid-like rather than gas-like properties. At temperatures just above the critical one it was found that bound quark-antiquark states still survive. These states are bound by effective string-like forces. Quantum effects turned out to be of prime importance in these simulations.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, revised version of the contribution to proceedings of "Int. Workshop on High Density Nuclear Matter", Cape Town, 5-10 Apr., 201

Хімічні перетворення нових моно- та біс-похідних спіроіндол-3,3’-піроло[3,4-с]піролу на основі біс-малеїнімідів та вивчення мікробіологічної активності синтезованих сполук

Aim. To synthesize new derivatives based on hexamethylene(ethylene)-N,N’-bis(spiroindole-3,3’-pyrrolo-[3,4-c]pyrrole-2a,5a’-dihydro-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-trions) and 1’-(m-phenylene-N-maleimidido)-2a’,5a’-dihydro-1’H- spiroindole-3,3’-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-trions by modifying the NH-group of the pyrrole moiety in position 4’ (alkylation, acylation, nitrosation) and study their microbiological activity.Results and discussion. The possibility of further chemical modification of the derivatives of hexamethylene(ethylene)-N,N’-bis(spiroindole-3,3’-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-2a’,5a’-dihydro-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-trion) has been developed on the example of ethylene-N,N’-bis(spiroindole-3,3’-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-5’-methyl-2a’,5a’-dihydro-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-trion), ethylene-N,N’-bis(spiroindole-3,3’-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-5’-isopropyl-2a’,5a’-dihydro-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-trione), hexamethylene-N,N’-bis(spiroindole-3,3’-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-5’-benzyl-2a’,5a’-dihydro-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-trion) and 1’-(m-phenylene-N-maleimidido)-2a’,5a’-dihydro-1’H-spiroindole-3,3’-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-5’-methyl-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-trione by modification of the NH-group of the pyrrole fragment in position 4’ (nitrosation) or the NH-group of the indole fragment in position 1 (alkylation), or acylation at once in two positions. The structure of the compounds obtained has been reliably confirmed by instrumental methods. Data from the microbiological screening show a high biological effect of the compounds synthesized in relation to gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) and fungi (Candida albicans).Experimental part. The synthesis of the initial and target compounds in classical preparative conditions was performed; instrumental methods for determining the structure of organic compounds, the agar diffusion method in the modification of wells were used.Conclusions. The chemical modification of mono- and bis-derivatives of spiro-2-oxindole[3,3’]pyrrole has been performed: new functionalized nitroso derivatives have been synthesized, the alkylation reaction has been performed, and the reaction of acylation has been studied. It has been shown that the acylation occurs immediately in two positions – by the secondary amino group of the pyrrole and indole fragments, while the alkylation proceeds by the indole fragment. The structure of the compounds obtained has been proven. The antimicrobial effect of the compounds synthesized has been studied.Цель работы. Синтез новых производных на основе гексаметилен(этилен)-N,N’-бис(спироиндол-3,3’-пирроло[3,4-с]пиррол-2а’,5а’-дигидро-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-трионов) и 1’-(м-фенилен-N-малеинимидо)-2а’,5а’-дигидро-1’H-спироиндол-3,3’-пирроло[3,4-c]пиррол-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-трионов модификацией NH-группы пиррольного фрагмента в положении 4’ (алкилирование, ацилирование, нитрозирование) и изучение их микробиологической активности.Результаты и их обсуждение. Разработаны пути дальнейшей химической модификации производных гексаметилен(этилен)-N,N’-бис(спироиндол-3,3’-пирроло[3,4-с]пиррол-2а’,5а’-дигидро-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-триона) на примере этилен-N,N’-бис(спироиндол-3,3’-пирроло[3,4-с]пиррол-5’-метил-2а’,5а’-дигидро-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-триона), этилен-N,N’-бис(спироиндол-3,3’-пирроло[3,4-с]пиррол-5’-изопропил-2а’,5а’-дигидро-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-триона), гексаметилен-N,N’-бис(спироиндол-3,3’-пирроло[3,4-с]пиррол-5’-бензил-2а’,5а’-дигидро-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-триона) и 1’-(м-фенилен-N-малеинимидо)-2а’,5а’-дигидро-1’H-спироиндол-3,3’-пирроло[3,4-c]пиррол-5’-метил-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-триона модификацией NH-группы пиррольного фрагмента в положении 4’ (нитрозирование) или NH-группы индольного фрагмента в положении 1 (алкилирование), или ацилирования сразу по двум положениям. Строение полученных соединений надежно подтверждено инструментальными методами. Данные микробиологического скрининга показывают высокую биологическую активность синтезированных соединений относительно грамположительных (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), грамотрицательных бактерий (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) и грибов (Candida albicans).Экспериментальная часть. Синтез исходных и целевых соединений в классических препаративных условиях, инструментальные методы установления строения органических соединений, метод диффузии в агар в модификации колодцев.Выводы. Проведена химическая модификация моно- и бис-производных спиро-2-оксиндол[3,3’]пиррола: синтезированы новые функционализированные нитрозопроизводные, проведена реакция алкилирования и исследовано протекание реакции ацилирования. Показано, что ацилирование происходит одновременно в двух положениях: по вторичной аминогруппе пиррольного и индольного фрагментов, в то время как алкилирование происходило по индольному фрагменту. Доказано строение полученных соединений. Изучено противомикробное действие синтезированных соединений.Мета роботи. Синтез нових похідних на основі гексаметилен(етилен)-N,N’-біс(спіроіндол-3,3’-піроло[3,4-с]пірол-2а’,5а’-дигідро-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-тріонів) та 1’-(м-фенілен-N-малеїнімідо)-2a’,5a’-дигідро-1’H-спіроіндол-3,3’-піроло[3,4-c]пірол-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-тріонів шляхом модифікації NH-групи пірольного фрагменту в положенні 4’ (алкілування, ацилювання, нітрозування) та вивчення їх мікробіологічної активності.Результати та їх обговорення. Розроблено шляхи подальшої хімічної модифікації похідних гексаметилен(етилен)-N,N’-біс(спіроіндол-3,3’-піроло[3,4-с]пірол-2а’,5а’-дигідро-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-тріону) на прикладі етилен-N,N’-біс(спіроіндол-3,3’-піроло[3,4-с]пірол-5’-метил-2а’,5а’-дигідро-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-тріону), етилен-N,N’-біс(спіроіндол-3,3’-піроло[3,4-с]пірол-5’-ізопропіл-2а’,5а’-дигідро-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-тріону), гексаметилен-N,N’-біс(спіроіндол-3,3’-піроло[3,4-с]пірол-5’-бензил-2а’,5а’-дигідро-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-тріону) та 1’-(м-фенілен-N-малеїнімідо)-2a’,5a’-дигідро-1’H-спіроіндол-3,3’-піроло[3,4-c]пірол-5’-метил-2,2’,6’(1H,1’H,5’H)-тріону шляхом модифікації NH-групи пірольного фрагменту в положенні 4’ (нітрозування) або NH-групи індольного фрагменту в положенні 1 (алкілування), або ацилювання одразу за двома положеннями. Будову одержаних сполук надійно підтверджено інструментальними методами. Дані мікробіологічного скринінгу показують високу біологічну дію синтезованих сполук відносно грампозитивних (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), грамнегативних бактерій (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris) і грибів (Candida albicans).Експериментальна частина. Синтез вихідних та цільових сполук у класичних препаративних умовах, інструментальні методи встановлення будови органічних сполук, метод дифузії в агар у модифікації колодязів.Висновки. Проведено хімічну модифікацію моно- та біс-похідних спіро-2-оксіндол[3,3’]піролу: синтезовано нові функціоналізовані нітрозопохідні, проведено реакцію алкілування та досліджено перебіг реакції ацилювання. Показано, що ацилювання відбувається одразу за двома положеннями – за вторинною аміногрупою пірольного та індольного фрагментів, в той час як алкілування перебігає за індольним фрагментом. Доведено будову отриманих сполук. Вивчено антимікробну дію синтезованих сполук

Treatment of children with medulloblastoma without metastatic involvement in the age group older than 3 years: international experience and results of intercenter trial

Background. During the past 20 years, some large international studies have been conducted that evaluated the effectiveness of treatment programs for children with medulloblastoma. At the same time, in the standard risk group, fairly high rates of 5-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were achieved, which amounted to 85% and 80%, respectively. At the present time some risk-adaptive therapeutic programs are developed according to molecular-biological features of tumor cells and possibility of chemotherapy and craniospinal radiation (CSI) therapy dose reduction. Materials and methods. From 2008 to 2018 fifty one pediatric patients with primary diagnosed medulloblastoma in the age group 318 years were included in trial, 38 in standard risk group, 13 in high risk group (without metastatic disease). Treatment program consisted of surgical removal of the primary tumor site with subsequent chemotherapy (with high-dose cyclophosphamide or thiophosphamide) and radiation therapy (with CSI of 23.4 Gy or 36 Gy, depending on the risk group). In order to detect morphological and molecular biological distinctive features of tumor cells, the following criteria were evaluated: histological variant, molecular subgroup, methyltransferase status by DNMT and MGMT proteins expression, presence of C-MYC/N-MYC gene amplification, Iso17q and TP53 gene mutation. Results. As a result of this study, sufficiently high rates of overall survival and progression/relapse-free survival (PRFS) were achieved in standard and high-risk groups patients, which amounted to 76.08.8% and 83.310.8% with median follow-up 62.96.2 months and 52.27.8 months, respectively. There was revealed patients group in the age 37 years with 100% PRFS and median follow-up 66.98.9 months. At the same time, morphological and molecular biological factors of an unfavorable outcome of the disease were absent in the tumor samples (large cell anaplastic histology, C-MYC/N-MYC gene amplification, Iso17q and TP53 gene mutation). We have also achieved 100% PRFS in patients with desmoplastic tumor histology and in patients, who were treated with thiphosphamide-based chemotherapy regimen. Molecular-biological characteristics analysis of tumor cells showed a negative effect on PRFS of DNMT-positive status (Score 4, by 3 markers) and presence of N-MYC gene amplification (SHH molecular subgroup). Conclusion. There was identified a group of patients aged 3 to 7 years, for whom the possibility for reducing of CSR dose down to 18 Gy opens. Understanding of tumor cells methyltransferase status creates the prerequisites for using of epigenetic demethylating therapy. It is necessary more observations to assess the effect of the chemotherapy regimen with high-dose thiophosphamide on the PRFS

Effect of sitagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes

BACKGROUND: Data are lacking on the long-term effect on cardiovascular events of adding sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind study, we assigned 14,671 patients to add either sitagliptin or placebo to their existing therapy. Open-label use of antihyperglycemic therapy was encouraged as required, aimed at reaching individually appropriate glycemic targets in all patients. To determine whether sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo, we used a relative risk of 1.3 as the marginal upper boundary. The primary cardiovascular outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 3.0 years, there was a small difference in glycated hemoglobin levels (least-squares mean difference for sitagliptin vs. placebo, -0.29 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.32 to -0.27). Overall, the primary outcome occurred in 839 patients in the sitagliptin group (11.4%; 4.06 per 100 person-years) and 851 patients in the placebo group (11.6%; 4.17 per 100 person-years). Sitagliptin was noninferior to placebo for the primary composite cardiovascular outcome (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.09; P<0.001). Rates of hospitalization for heart failure did not differ between the two groups (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.20; P = 0.98). There were no significant between-group differences in rates of acute pancreatitis (P = 0.07) or pancreatic cancer (P = 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, adding sitagliptin to usual care did not appear to increase the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalization for heart failure, or other adverse events

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

навчальний посібник

Законодавче забезпечення правоохоронної діяльності : навч. посіб. / за заг. ред. В. В. Сокуренка. – Харків : Стильна типографія, 2017. – 1164 с. – (до 100-річчя підготовки охоронців правопорядку у Харкові).У навчальному посібнику представлено методичні рекомендації, пропозиції і зауваження до проектів нормативно-правових актів та наукові роз’яснення окремих положень чинного законодавства, розроблені кафедрами факультету № 1 Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ. Наукові праці, що включено до навчального посібника, безпосередньо стосуються питань удосконалення форм та методів діяльності слідчих і інших підрозділів органів Національної поліції України. Для працівників органів Національної поліції України, науковців, викладачів, ад’юнктів, аспірантів, докторантів, курсантів, студентів та слухачів навчальних закладів юридичного профілю, а також усіх, хто цікавиться питаннями удосконалення діяльності органів Національної поліції України і інших органів правопорядку.The training manual presents methodological recommendations, suggestions and comments on draft normative legal acts and scientific explanations of certain provisions of the current legislation developed by the departments of the faculty No. 1 of the Kharkov National University of Internal Affairs. Scientific works, included in the textbook, directly relate to issues of improving the forms and methods of activity of investigative and other units of the National Police of Ukraine. For employees of the National Police of Ukraine, scientists, teachers, adjuncts, graduate students, doctoral students, cadets, students and students of legal educational institutions, as well as anyone interested in improving the activities of the National Police of Ukraine and other law enforcement agencies.В учебном пособии представлены методические рекомендации, предложения и замечания к проектам нормативно-правовых актов и научные разъяснения отдельных положений действующего законодательства, разработанные кафедрами факультета № 1 Харьковского национального университета внутренних дел. Научные труды, включен в учебного пособия, непосредственно касаются вопросов совершенствования форм и методов деятельности следственных и других подразделений органов Национальной полиции Украины. Для работников органов Национальной полиции Украины, научных работников, преподавателей, адъюнктов, аспирантов, докторантов, курсантов, студентов и слушателей учебных заведений юридического профиля, а также всех, кто интересуется вопросами совершенствования деятельности органов Национальной полиции Украины и других органов правопорядка