The Socio–economic Characteristics of Communities at the Downstream Sector of Jebba Dam, Nigeria

Downstream communities have been neglected in dam construction planning process in Nigeria.. A survey was carried out on some randomly selected downstream communities of Jebba dam namely Gungu, Gana, Fanga, Bele, Bere, Gaba and Baru communities, using structured interviews administered to people in the selected communities. The research result showed that the Jebba dam has negative effect on settlements downstream. About 5% of the houses in each of the villages have been displaced and the value of land has also depreciated by 20%. Farming and fishing in various communities have been affected due to land appropriation, flooding and soil erosion. Only Gungu and Gana are connected to electricity supply while road accessibility is very poor in all the villages except Gungu and Gana. The impacts of these changes are magnified by changes in the flow pattern of The River Niger downstream that is caused by the operations of the dam. These changes, whether in total streamflow in seasonal timing or in short-term, even hourly fluctuations in flows, generate a range of impacts on The River. This is because the aquatic lives in and around the river is tightly linked to the existing flow patterns of river. It is recommended that all villages that are affected by the activities of the dam should be connected to the national grid; this will enhance the socioeconomic activities in the area. It is also suggested as a principle that ‘a programme to monitor the impacts of dam development (particularly in downstream communities) should be an integral element of the planning process, and should be matched by resources to mitigate impacts not addressed fully by the planning processes.Key words: Downstream Communities, Socio-economic, sector, Dam, Characteristics, Flow patter

Uniform numerical approximation for parameter dependent singularly perturbed problem with integral boundary condition

WOS: 000441460300026In this paper, a parameter-uniform numerical method for a parameterized singularly perturbed ordinary differential equation containing integral boundary condition is studied. Asymptotic estimates on the solution and its derivatives are derived. A numerical algorithm based on upwind finite difference operator and an appropriate piecewise uniform mesh is constructed. Parameter-uniform error estimate for the numerical solution is established. Numerical results are presented, which illustrate the theoretical results

ADOPTION AND ACCESS OF E-LIBRARY SERVICES IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES OF NORTH WEST ZONE OF NIGERIA

This paper examined the adoption and access of E-library services in University library of North west zone of Nigeria. Survey research method was adopted to carry out the study using descriptive research methodology. The population used under this study comprised all the state federal, state and private universities in North–West Geo-political zone of Nigeria, comprises of seventeen (17) studied universities, the population considered to be subject of the study includes other professional and non-professional staff in the Nigerian university libraries on the position of university librarian circumstantially. The sample size depends on the nature of the research of the study. It is however proposed to have a sample of seventeen (17) universities, therefore the number of the universities is manageable, and therefore no sampling is required. The instruments used data collection is questionnaire. Stratified sampling technique was used in selecting the secondary population of the study. Data was also analyzed using descriptive analysis using frequency tables and percentages. Stratified sampling technique was used in selecting the secondary population of the study. The administration of the questionnaire was carried out by the co researchers and assisted by three (3) research assistants. The study found that, adoption and accessing of the electronic library services and resources in Nigerian university libraries of North-west Geo-political Zone are basically for the purpose of effective, reliable, and adequate library information dissemination. The study has also identified that some universities have for long adopted and established the electronic unit earlier than other university libraries in the North-west Geo-political Zone of Nigeria. Consequent to that, it has been identified that all the sampled university libraries have established the electronic unit for the purpose of information dissemination via electronic devices for rapid and speedy information services. The study has further revealed that majority of the electronic unit or managers of the electronic section are specialists in the area of library and information science. The study recommends that encouragement from the government will give enough room and opportunity to provide adequate transformation of information electronically in Nigerian University libraries of north-west geo-political zone. There is the need for the university libraries to concretely form a consortium for the formation of unified electronic services and electronic resource sharing e.g. Universities library consortium, Hinary, Lefel, etc. One of the greatest challenges or threats to the adoption and accessing or sustainability of using the electronic resources in Nigeria is the issue of power supply. Efforts should be made by the authority concern to provide alternative in case of power failure during the transformation services. The alternative probably might be the provision of solar power or standby generator in order to alleviate the challenge of inadequacy or none supply of electricity power supply. University libraries being an academic institution library should try by all means to promote their electronic resources and services for the university community members to be aware of their availability and existence. Article visualizations

A numerical method for a second order singularly perturbed Fredholm integro-differential equation

The boundary-value problem for a second order singularly perturbed Fredholm integro-differential equation was considered in this paper. For the numerical solution of this problem, we use an exponentially fitted difference scheme on a uniform mesh which is succeeded by the method of integral identities with the use of exponential basis functions and interpolating quadrature rules with the weight and remainder terms in integral form. Also, the method is first order convergent in the discrete maximum norm. Numerical example shows that recommended method has a good approximation characteristic.WOS:0006611395000042-s2.0-8510854604

One-Dimensional Peptide Nanostructure Templated Growth of Iron Phosphate Nanostructures for Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes

© 2016 American Chemical Society.Template-directed synthesis of nanomaterials can provide benefits such as small crystalline size, high surface area, large surface-to-volume ratio, and structural stability. These properties are important for shorter distance in ion/electron movement and better electrode surface/electrolyte contact for energy storage applications. Here nanostructured FePO4 cathode materials were synthesized by using peptide nanostructures as a template inspired by biomineralization process. The amorphous, high surface area FePO4 nanostructures were utilized as a cathode for lithium-ion batteries. Discharge capacity of 155 mAh/g was achieved at C/20 current rate. The superior properties of biotemplated and nanostructured amorphous FePO4 are shown compared to template-free crystalline FePO4

One-Dimensional Peptide Nanostructure Templated Growth of Iron Phosphate Nanostructures for Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes

© 2016 American Chemical Society.Template-directed synthesis of nanomaterials can provide benefits such as small crystalline size, high surface area, large surface-to-volume ratio, and structural stability. These properties are important for shorter distance in ion/electron movement and better electrode surface/electrolyte contact for energy storage applications. Here nanostructured FePO4 cathode materials were synthesized by using peptide nanostructures as a template inspired by biomineralization process. The amorphous, high surface area FePO4 nanostructures were utilized as a cathode for lithium-ion batteries. Discharge capacity of 155 mAh/g was achieved at C/20 current rate. The superior properties of biotemplated and nanostructured amorphous FePO4 are shown compared to template-free crystalline FePO4

Under pressure:Mechanochemical effects on structure and ion conduction in the sodium-ion solid electrolyte Na₃PS₄

10.1021/jacs.0c06668Journal of the American Chemical Society1424318422-1843

A second order accurate method for a parameterized singularly perturbed problem with integral boundary condition

In this paper, we consider a class of parameterized singularly perturbed problems with integral boundary condition. A finite difference scheme of hybrid type with an appropriate Shishkin mesh is suggested to solve the problem. We prove that the method is of almost second order convergent in the discrete maximum norm. Numerical results are presented, which illustrate the theoretical results. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.2-s2.0-8511925117

THE FIELD STRENGTH AND ELECTRON DENSITY CALCULATIONS FOR THE CORONA PULSES

No abstract availabl