Biodiversité végétale et vitesse de la régénération de la forêt classée de Sanaimbo (Côte d’Ivoire)

Nous analysons l’impact de l’agriculture traditionnelle sur la diversité végétale dans une forêt semi-décidue afrotropicale non soumise à des perturbations naturelles majeures. Les assemblages d’espèces et les attributs structurels de la diversité sont décrits le long d’une chronoséquence sur 30 ans de champs abandonnés, comparativement aux communautés de forêts « primaires » et de forêts coupées sélectivement. Seulement 6,3% des espèces inventoriées dans les forêts anciennes n’ont pas été observées dans les jachères, alors que 12,3% des espèces sont propres aux jachères. Lorsque la forêt ancienne sur sol ferrallitique est prise comme référence, les analyses de régression linéaire montrent que cette forêt peut recouvrer la structure et la fonction au cours de la quatrième décennie de recolonisation, et la composition spécifique une décennie plus tard. L’invasion précoce des champs par Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. King & H. Robinson. ne semble pas altérer durablement la succession secondaire. Les espèces s’assemblent en communautés végétales discrètes le long du gradient successionnel, en fonction de leurs exigences en lumière, suggérant une partition des niches écologiques.Mots clés : Biodiversité végétale, successions secondaires, indices de diversit

Dynamique De La Végétation De Bamo Et Stocks De Carbone Dans La Mosaïque De Végétation

This study was conducted in Agboville, Ivory Coast. The objective was (1) to characterize the floristic composition, dynamics, and structure of tree diversity of postcultural fallows; and (2) establish the relationship between the diversity and storage of carbon in timber biomass. The study relied on a network of 50 temporary plots. There were 31 postcultural fallows and 19 plots of primary forest. This study has identified 417 plant species distributed in 306 genera and 83 families. Tree density within postcultural fallows varied between 1025 to 5975 stems / ha, and the analysis showed that the density increases with the age of the postcultural fallows. Tree sampling was non-destructive and to estimate C storage, an allomectric models for above and belowground biomasses was used. Mean estimate of carbon (C) stocks in biomass were 80.25 tC / ha for groupe A (fallows from 4 to 8 years) and 256.5 tC / ha for group D (fallows from 14 to 24 years). These values remain far below those seen in the groups of primary forests with lateritic soil (1335.25 tC / ha). Results showed the ability of some postcultural fallows to store much C. It demonstrated that storage depends mainly on age and conserved species. This supports the idea of employing REDD+ processes in enhancing the ecological value associated with carbon

Antifungal activities of the essential oil extracted from the tea of savanna (Lippia multiflora) in Côte d’Ivoire

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal potency of the essential oil of tea of savanna (Lippia multiflora) on three fungal strains. The essential oil is extracted of Lippia multiflora by steam distillation and the antifungal activity in vitro was investigated on Apergillus flavus,  Asperguillus Niger and Fusarium sp species. This activity was realized by incorporation of the plant extract in Sabouraud medium prepared by a double dilution. The study revealed a sensitivity of these three species to the essential oil extracted from Lippia multiflora. It has been observed, in a descending order of sensitivity, a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 2.08 ± 0.58 µl / ml with Aspergillus flavus; 4.16 ± 1.17 µl / ml with Aspergillus Niger and 8.33 ± 2.35 µl / ml with Fusarium sp. The antifungal potency of the essential oil extracted from Lippia multiflora, allows  considering its use as a novel approach in the field of integrated management of cereal stocks in post-harvest.Keywords: Essential oil, Lippia multiflora, Antifungal, Aspergillus, Fusarium

Factors influencing medical student participation in an obstetrics and gynaecology clinic

Objective: To identify factors influencing medical student participation in an obstetrics and gynaecology (OBGYN) setting.Methods:This was a cross sectional study carried out on patients admitted in OBGYN wards of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 250 patients consented to participate in this study.Results: Eighty three percent of the people responded \u27yes\u27 to the question of being initially seen by a medical student. People who consented were 3.5 times more likely to know that their primary consultant was a teacher at a medical school i.e. they were initially aware that they were in a teaching hospital (p-value \u3c 0.01). Additionally, people who did consent were 3.5 times more likely to have been admitted because of labour/delivery (p-value \u3c 0.001) and 2.7 times more likely to have a monthly income of more than Rs. 20,000 (p-value \u3c 0.05).Conclusions: A number of factors have been identified in our study along with proposed solutions. Identification of these potentially modifiable factors in the medical student-patient interaction is important to improve the involvement of medical students in the care of the patients

Remotely Sensing the Biophysical Drivers of Sardinella aurita Variability in Ivorian Waters

The coastal regions of the Gulf of Guinea constitute one of the major marine ecosystems, producing essential living marine resources for the populations of Western Africa. In this region, the Ivorian continental shelf is under pressure from various anthropogenic sources, which have put the regional fish stocks, especially Sardinella aurita, the dominant pelagic species in Ivorian industrial fishery landings, under threat from overfishing. Here, we combine in situ observations of Sardinella aurita catch, temperature, and nutrient profiles, with remote-sensing ocean-color observations, and reanalysis data of wind and sea surface temperature, to investigate relationships between Sardinella aurita catch and oceanic primary producers (including biomass and phenology of phytoplankton), and between Sardinella aurita catch and environmental conditions (including upwelling index, and turbulent mixing). We show that variations in Sardinella aurita catch in the following year may be predicted, with a confidence of 78%, based on a bilinear model using only physical variables, and with a confidence of 40% when using only biological variables. However, the physics-based model alone is not sufficient to explain the mechanism driving the year-to-year variations in Sardinella aurita catch. Based on the analysis of the relationships between biological variables, we demonstrate that in the Ivorian continental shelf, during the study period 1998–2014, population dynamics of Sardinella aurita, and oceanic primary producers, may be controlled, mainly by top-down trophic interactions. Finally, based on the predictive models constructed here, we discuss how they can provide powerful tools to support evaluation and monitoring of fishing activity, which may help towards the development of a Fisheries Information and Management System

Social media for the dissemination of Cochrane child health evidence: evaluation study

© Michele P Dyson, Amanda S Newton, Kassi Shave, Robin M Featherstone, Denise Thomson, Aireen Wingert, Ricardo M Fernandes, Lisa Hartling. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 01.09.2017. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.Background: Health care providers value ready access to reliable synthesized information to support point-of-care decision making. Web-based communities, facilitated by the adoption of social media tools such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, are increasingly being used for knowledge dissemination, bridging the gap between knowledge generation and synthesis and knowledge implementation. Objective: Our objective was to implement and evaluate a structured social media strategy, using multiple platforms, to disseminate Cochrane Child Health evidence to health care providers caring for children. Methods: Our social media strategy had three components: daily "tweets" using the Cochrane Child Health Twitter account, weekly WordPress blog posts, and a monthly journal club on Twitter ("tweet chat"). Each tweet, blog, and journal club shared Cochrane evidence on a child health topic. We evaluated the strategy through (1) Twitter and blog site analytics, (2) traceable link (Bitly) statistics, (3) Altmetric.com scores for promoted evidence, and (4) participant feedback. We also tracked the resources required to write the blog, tweet content, and manage the strategy. Results: The 22-week social media strategy ran between November 2014 and April 2015. We created 25 blog posts, sent 585 tweets, and hosted 3 tweet chats. Monthly blog visits and views and Twitter account followers increased over time. During the study period, the blog received 2555 visitors and 3967 page views from a geographically diverse audience of health care providers, academics, and health care organizations. In total, 183 traceable Bitly links received 3463 clicks, and the Twitter account gained 469 new followers. The most visited and viewed blog posts included gastrointestinal topics (lactose avoidance), research on respiratory conditions (honey for cough and treatments for asthma), and maternal newborn care (skin-to-skin contact). On Twitter, popular topics were related to public health (vaccination) and pain management. We collected Altmetric.com scores for 61 studies promoted during the study period and recorded an average increase of 11 points. Research staff (n=3) contributed approximately 433 hours to promotion activities and planning (6.5 hours each per week) to implement the social media strategy, and study investigators reviewed all content (blog posts and tweets). Conclusions: This study provides empirical evidence on the use of a coordinated social media strategy for the dissemination of evidence to professionals providing health services to children and youth. The results and lessons learned from our study provide guidance for future knowledge dissemination activities using social media tools.This work was supported by Alberta Innovates—Health Solutions, grant number 201300653. LH and ASN are supported, in part, by Canadian Institutes of Health Research New Investigator Awards.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effet de la race de l'hémicastration et de la FSH sur la population folliculaire ovarienne chez les agnelles

Utilisant la méthode histologique quantitative de l'ovaire, on a comparé l'effet race, hémicastration et traitement avec FSH après hémicastration chez l'agnelle âgée de 15 jours de deux races différant par leur taux d'ovulation: D'man (haute prolificité), Timahdite (basse prolificité). Le nombre et la distribution des follicules ovariens ne difIèrent pas significativement entre les deux races à l'âge de 15 jours et l'hémicastration n'a pas d'effet à courtterme sur la population des follicIes ovariens et sur la concentration de FSH. La concentration de FSH augmente après hémicastration et injection de FSH. Le nombre des follicules primordiaux (avec une couche de cellules cubiques) augmente après traitement avec FSH, Le nombre de follicules à antrum est doublé et l'atrésie est réduite de moitié chez les deux races. La race prolifique (D'man) montre une sensibilité à la stimulation par FSH plus marquée que chez la race non-prolifique (Timahdite)

On Vanishing Theorems For Vector Bundle Valued p-Forms And Their Applications

Let $F: [0, \infty) \to [0, \infty)$ be a strictly increasing $C^2$ function with $F(0)=0$. We unify the concepts of $F$-harmonic maps, minimal hypersurfaces, maximal spacelike hypersurfaces, and Yang-Mills Fields, and introduce $F$-Yang-Mills fields, $F$-degree, $F$-lower degree, and generalized Yang-Mills-Born-Infeld fields (with the plus sign or with the minus sign) on manifolds. When $F(t)=t, \frac 1p(2t)^{\frac p2}, \sqrt{1+2t} -1,$ and $1-\sqrt{1-2t},$ the $F$-Yang-Mills field becomes an ordinary Yang-Mills field, $p$-Yang-Mills field, a generalized Yang-Mills-Born-Infeld field with the plus sign, and a generalized Yang-Mills-Born-Infeld field with the minus sign on a manifold respectively. We also introduce the $E_{F,g}-$energy functional (resp. $F$-Yang-Mills functional) and derive the first variational formula of the $E_{F,g}-$energy functional (resp. $F$-Yang-Mills functional) with applications. In a more general frame, we use a unified method to study the stress-energy tensors that arise from calculating the rate of change of various functionals when the metric of the domain or base manifold is changed. These stress-energy tensors, linked to $F$-conservation laws yield monotonicity formulae. A "macroscopic" version of these monotonicity inequalities enables us to derive some Liouville type results and vanishing theorems for $p-$forms with values in vector bundles, and to investigate constant Dirichlet boundary value problems for 1-forms. In particular, we obtain Liouville theorems for $F-$harmonic maps (e.g. $p$-harmonic maps), and $F-$Yang-Mills fields (e.g. generalized Yang-Mills-Born-Infeld fields on manifolds). We also obtain generalized Chern type results for constant mean curvature type equations for $p-$forms on $\Bbb{R}^m$ and on manifolds $M$ with the global doubling property by a different approach. The case $p=0$ and $M=\mathbb{R}^m$ is due to Chern.Comment: 1. This is a revised version with several new sections and an appendix that will appear in Communications in Mathematical Physics. 2. A "microscopic" approach to some of these monotonicity formulae leads to celebrated blow-up techniques and regularity theory in geometric measure theory. 3. Our unique solution of the Dirichlet problems generalizes the work of Karcher and Wood on harmonic map